专八听力填空

1、practice 1internet privacywith the rapid development of e-commerce, companies are now capable of cultivating more (1) _ relationships with their customers. it empowers companies to better understand their customers wants and hence they are able to (2)_ offerings to the unique needs of individuals. a

2、t the same time, this has become a (3) _ because the technology involves the extensive collection and use of personal data.the use of the cookie technology can help a website assign each individual user a unique identifier, so that he may be recognized in (4) _ visits to the site. on each return vis

3、it, the site can call up user-specific information, including the consumers (5) _ as indicated by documents the consumer accessed in prior visits.despite concerns about privacy and security with online shoppers, according to the 1999 survey, still 61% of the subjects surveyed said they were (6)_ tow

4、ard banner ads based on their personal interests rather than random ones.the study seems to (7) _ the e-commerce firms who are willing to provide customized shopping experiences. statistics also show that not all the websites post privacy policies. furthermore, the exact definition of the privacy po

5、licies in themselves remains (8) _.finally, in spite of privacy (9) _, some companies, e.g. ada still offended customers by transferring users' information data to another company.to sum up, the (10) _ of effective privacy protection widely believed to be stunting the growth of e-commerce.practi

6、ce 2medicine in medieval englandthe medical practices in medieval england:based upon (1)_, ancient texts, myth or the direction of the church which proved unbeneficial to the people of england.the forthcoming results:common people didnt care about improving their own health. the life and livelihood

7、of an average person was (2) _. in the villages, many children were weak from (3)_, either mental or physical. many would die in childhood. and infant (4)_ was heavy.a medical service was non-existent.to the end of 1400, medicine was mainly practiced by clerics in monasteries. the physician thought

8、surgery was beneath his dignity, because he didn't want to (5)_.surgery was left to uneducated “barbers”. the physician was not advanced, (6)_ diseases by inspection of the blood and urine. the above-mentioned practices proved of little help.according to christian theology, disease was considere

9、d to be cured by (7)_ means.scientific investigation was inhibited.in medieval england, surgery had a severe and (8)_ nature. lepers, cripples and blind were easily seen. those sick people were helpless, most of whom couldnt afford medical attention.e. g. lepers living in provisions were actually le

10、ft (9)_.in conclusion, the health conditions and medical care for people in medieval england were (10)_.practice 3the press conferencethe press conference has certain advantages.the first advantage lies with the (1) _ nature of the event itself; public officials are supposed to submit to scrutiny by

11、 responding to various questions at a press conference.secondly, statements previously made at a press conference can be used as a (2) _ in judging following statements or policies.moreover, in case of important events, press conferences are an effective way to break the news to groups of reporters.

12、however, from the point of view of (3) _, the press conference possesses some disadvantages, mainly in its (4)_ and news source. the provider virtually determines the manner in which a press conference proceeds. this, sometimes, puts news reporters at a(n) (5)_, as can be seen on live broadcasts of

13、news conferences.factors in getting valuable information-preparation: a need to keep up to date on journalistic subject matter;-(6) _ of the news source:1) news sources (7)_ to provide information;2) news-gathering methods.conditions under which news reporters cannot trust the information provided b

14、y a news source-not knowing the required information;-knowing and willing to share the information, but without (8)_ skills;-knowing the information, but unwilling to share;-willing to share, but unable to recall.-(9)_ of questions askedways of improving the questions:-no words with double meanings;

15、-no long questions;-specific time, place, etc.;-(10) _ questions;-clear alternatives, or no alternatives in answers.practice 4study activities in universityin order to help college and university students in the process of learning, four key study activities have been designed and used to encourage

16、them to make knowledge their own.1.essay writing: central focus of university work esp. in the humanities, e.g (1) _benefits:1) helping to select interesting content in books and to express understanding.2) enabling teachers to know the progress and to offer (2) _.3) familiarizing students with exam

17、 forms.2.seminars and classroom discussion: another form to internalize knowledge in specialized contexts.benefits:1) (3) _ enables you to know the effectiveness of and others response to your speech immediately.2) within the same period of time, more topics can be dealt within than in (4) _.3) the

18、use of a broader range of knowledge is encouraged.3.individual tutorials: a substitute for group discussionformat: from teacher (5) _ to flexible conversation.benefit: encouraging ideas and interactions.4.lecture: a most (6) _ used study activity.disadvantages: 1) less (7) _ than discussions or tuto

19、rial.2) more demanding in note-taking.advantages:1) providing a general (8) _ of a subject under discussion.2) offering more easily understood versions of a theory.3) updating students on (9) _ developments.4) allowing students to follow different (10) _. practice 5maslows hierarchy of needsabraham

20、maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of importance.physiological needs: the most (1) _ ones for survival. they include such needs as food, water, etc. and there is usually one way to satisfy these needs. (2)_ needs: needs for a) physical security; b) (3

21、)_ security. the former means no illness or injury, while the latter is concerned with freedom from (4)_, misfortunes, etc. these needs can be met through a variety of means, e.g. job security, (5)_ plans, and safe working conditions.social needs: human requirements for a) love and affection; b) a s

22、ense of belonging. there are two ways to satisfy these needs: a) formation of relationships at workplace; b) formation of relationships outside workplace.esteem needs: a) self-esteem, i.e. ones sense of achievement; b) esteem of others, i.e. others respect as a result of ones (6)_. these needs can b

23、e fulfilled by achievement, promotion, honors, etc.self-realization needs: need to realize one's potential. ways to realize these needs are individually (7)_.features of the hierarchy of needs: a) social esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively (8)_ need, b) needs are satisfied in a fix

24、ed order from the bottom up. c) (9)_ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level. d) different levels of needs may (10)_ when they come into play.practice 6conversation skillspeople who usually make us feel comfortable in conversations are good talkers. and they have something in common, i.e. skill

25、s to put people at ease.1.skill to ask questions1) be aware of the human nature: readiness to answer other's questions regardless of (1) _.2) start a conversation with some personal but unharmful questions about ones (2)_ job and questions about ones activities in the (3)_3) be able to spot sign

26、als for further talk 2.skill to (4)_ for answers1) dont shift from subject to subjectslicking to the same subject: signs of (5)_ in conversation2) listen to (6)_ of voiceif people sound unenthusiastic, then change subject3) use eyes and earssteady your gaze while listening 3.skill to laugh effects o

27、f laughter:ease peoples (7)_help start (8)_4.skill to part1) importance: open up possibilities for future friendship or contact2) ways: men: a smile, a (9)_women: same as (10)_ nowhow to express pleasure in meeting someonepractice 7the skills required to get a good job1. academic skills 1) communica

28、tion skillsunderstand and speak the languages in (1) _ be a good listener read written materials (2)_ the internet2) thinking skillsthink (3) _ and acting logicallye.g. technology, physical science, the arts, skilled trades, social science, etc.3) learning skillse.g. learn to use some new software a

29、fter a few (4)_2.personal (5) _ skills1) positive attitudes and behaviorshave good (6) _ and confidencebe honesthave positive attitudes toward work, learning, etc.show energy and persistence2) (7)_ set goals and priorities plan and manage time, money, etc.3) adaptabilityhave a positive attitude towa

30、rd (8)_ in the job3. teamwork skills1) importance of teamwork skillsbring more resources to the problem situationsatisfying and morale-boosting 2) how to improve teamwork skills show the ability to be (9) _ involve in the groupbe (10) _ and listen to others be a leader not a lonerpractice 8writing a

31、 research paperi.research paper and ordinary essaya.similarity in (1) _, e.g.choosing a topicasking questionsidentifying the audienceb.difference mainly in terms of (2)_1. research paper: printed sources2. ordinary essay: ideas in one's (3)_ii.types and characteristics of research papers a. numb

32、er of basic types: two b. characteristics:1. survey-type paper:to gather (4)_to quoteto (5)_the writer should be (6)_.2. argumentative (research) paper: a. the writer should do more, e.g.to interpretto question, etc.b. (7)_ varies with the topic, e.g.to recommend an action, etc.iii.how to choose a t

33、opic for a research paper iin choosing a topic, it is important to (8) _ question no. 1: your familiarity with the topicquestion no. 2: availability of relevant information on the chosen topicquestion no. 3: narrowing the topic down to (9) _question no. 4: asking questions about (10)_the questions h

34、elp us to work our way into the topic and discover its possibilities.practice 9meaning in literaturein reading literary works, we are concerned with the “meaning” of one literary piece or another. however, finding out what something really means is a difficult issue.there are three ways to tackle me

35、aning in literature.i.meaning is what is intended by (1) _. apart from reading an author's work in question, readers need to1) read (2)_ by the same author;2) get familiar with (3)_ at the time;3) get to know cultural values and symbols of the time.ii.meaning exists “in” the text itself.1) some

36、peoples view: meaning is produced by the formal properties of the text like (4)_, etc.2) speakers view: meaning is created by both conventions of meaning and (5)_therefore, agreement on meaning could be created by common traditions and conventions of usage. but different time periods and different (

37、6) _ perspectives could lead to different interpretations of meaning in a text.iii.meaning is created by (7) _1) meaning is (8) _2) meaning is contextual3) meaning requires (9) _-practicing competency in reading-practicing other competenciesbackground in (10) _ etc.practice 10blog culturethe topic t

38、oday is about the newly appearing phenomenon of (1) _. the most significant revolutions of the last twenty years have had something to do with writing: email, webpages, blogs, etc. all this reflects a trend that communication has shifted towards words on a screen.firstly, what is a blog? generally s

39、peaking, it" s an online journal comprised of links and postings in reverse chronological order. blogs cover (2) _topics: commentaries, personal musings, political tracts, updated information, etc. however, a significant of prominent bloggers have not enabled the comment feature. the most commo

40、n(3) _ of blogs tends to be its voice: blogs are written human passion.there are eight prominent features of bloggers:willingness to share their thoughts and experiences with others;helping each other a lot;global, reading international sources and wanting to meet other people;using (4) _;getting so

41、 much used to providing feedback themselves; showing a need for (5) _ ; investing so much time in their blogs; representing the culture of speed.finally, the (6) _ of personal blogs is discussed, and he advantages as well as disadvantages to the society will be mentioned.the advantages of blogs incl

42、ude: sharing knowledge and information with others; being a positive way of (7) _; showing talents and expertise of the writer; better informing the society and authorities concerned . the disadvantages of blogs are:most people dont have (8) _ , or are unable to write in a compelling manner;real exp

43、ertise laying hidden, and readers can only get (9) _ information; easy to start and hard to maintain; they are used as powerful weapons to attack others, and our system may be (10) _ ; practice 11get em thinking! using the “3 rs” of media literacytoday, ill introduce you to the “3 rs” of media liter

44、acyreview, reflect, and reactand ill focus on how to facilitate students critical thinking and media literacy.media literacy includes the skills and knowledge needed to question, (1)_, interpret, and evaluate the messages of the (2)_. in essence, media literacy is the application of critical thinkin

45、g to the messages of print and (3)_ media.in order to create a structure through which to integrate media literacy into schools, homes, churches, and (4)_, i have designed the “3 rs of media literacy.” this model (5) _ helping learners apply critical thinking about the everyday messages. the 3rsrevi

46、ew, reflect, and reactcan be applied to any message from any medium.first, review the actual content of that message. next, reflect on both the content and the (6)_ of the message. finally, react to the message.the following activities will encourage students to be critical thinkers through applicat

47、ion of the 3 rs model:have students copies of the newspaper to evaluate the selection of (7)_ and photos that are on the front page.ask students to view selected music videos and think about their blatant and subtle messages.have students research the newest give-away items included in childrens mea

48、ls at various fast-food restaurants. discuss what the real purpose of these free items might be. have students (8)_ their parents and other adults to gain information about personal heroes. have students share the gathered information and (9)_ about the characteristics of heroes.by studying media li

49、teracy and developing critical thinking skills, students can evaluate their personal worlds and become healthy skeptics and discerning citizens. the 3 rs are easy to embrace and apply to all media messages. this approach can become a lifelong (10)_ for higher level thinking.practice 12breastfeedingc

50、hoosing whether to breastfeed or formula feed your baby is one of the first decisions expectant parents will make. however, organizations like aap, ama, ada, and who highly recommend that (1)_ be the best for newborn babies, because it possesses a lot of advantages.1.breast milk is infection-fightin

51、g. a nursing mothers antibodies can pass to her baby and lower the occurrence of many illnesses, such as: ear infections, diarrhea, etc. other factors help to improve infants (2)_ by increasing the barriers to infection and decreasing the growth of viruses.2.breast milk is (3)_. formula-fed infants

52、have more difficulty with digestion than do breastfed infants.3.breast milk is very nutritious. formulas do a pretty good job, but havent matched breast milk because some substances are (4)_ to manufacture and some have not yet been identified.4.breastfeeding can prevent obesity. recent studies indi

53、cate that breastfeeding might help prevent childhood and adult obesity.5.breastfeeding is quite (5)_.6.breastfeeding is also beneficial to mothers. nursing mothers may become (6)_ through breastfeeding.except for the benefits, breastfeeding does pose some challenges for new mothers.1.personal comfor

54、t. many mothers feel uncomfortable with breastfeeding at first, but later overcome this with enough education, support and practice. many times, if breastfeeding hurts, it's due to (7)_.2.time and frequency of feedings. breastfed babies do need to eat more often than babies who are fed formula.

55、if mothers need a break or go back to work, they can use (8)_ as a way out.3.limiting caffeine. breastfeeding women should cut down on coffee intake to no more than three cups per day; otherwise, caffeine may cause (9)_ in some babies.4.maternal medical conditions and medicines. if a woman is taking

56、 medicines or involved with a specific condition, she should (10) _ her doctor or a lactation consultant. breastfeeding possesses both advantages and disadvantages. the point is new mothers should bond with their babies, no matter whether through breast milk or formula.practice 13new educational technology: challenges and potentialmany criticisms of computers and multimedia technology i