北京某综合建呢筑空调方案比较

1、synchronous backup software does not respond to the rest of the data to be modified. in order to ensure maximum server exception, saving some data, synchronization of real-time backup software should have high, that delay does not exceed 1 minute. offsite backups that must be supported across networ

2、k segments. in accordance with the above requirements for development our dedicated backup software. after development, wing that opened in salt on high speed test results meet the design requirementswith the passing of time, it is preparing source huan of hubei industrial investment company limited

3、 factory close to the planning of the day looks like, planning human ideals gradually into an entity, spread out before us. security plan enters the deployed state. after listening to your business objective for the leaders of security, i quickly people with loyalty to the cause of security, as well

4、 as previous security experience, combined with peer pioneers of success stories or experiences. border security on your business ideas and suggestions to make as follows: 1.1 after careful analysis of a blueprint of the enterprise, taking into account your enterprise factory boundary: 540.65m x 234

5、.24m rectangular site. 1.2 scope for such dachangqu, i recommend the solid border security deployment, for a range of reasons, whether we use infrared radiation, electronic fences, alarm had done there, where the response. because the factory could not spend a great deal of manpower cost to post thr

6、ee steps, five steps and a whistle. as we all know, under the current form of human resources costs much higher than the cost of all scientific and technological input. in order to better achieve the goal of planners, as well as for active solid border defense work. we recommend that you use infrare

7、d radiation or linkage of electronic fences with video security deployment to achieve security goals. 1.3 in accordance with the device on the wall of the compound properties and parameters to a reasonable plan to install the infrared radiation equipment or fences and electronic equipment as well as

8、 video surveillance equipment, the specific needs of the equipment and materials quantities we will detail later. 1.4 the programme according to your company's site to see and listen to the leadership proposal, and in accordance with the actual needs of the project, with reference to the relevan

9、t international standards and national standards, combined with the experience accumulated by the company engaged in multiple projects, prepare the technology package. if the contents or any other aspect of the programme has not detailed where we welcome your valuable comments. second, the design pr

10、inciples of the project design follows technology advanced, functional, stable and cost-saving principles. and considering construction, maintenance and operation, and for future development, expansion, reconstruction and other factors leave room for expansion. design elements of the system is the s

11、ystematic, integrated and comprehensive; design has the scientificity, reasonability and operability. its has following principles: 2.1, and advanced and applicability used currently most advanced of soft, and hardware and the network technology, errors rate low, compatible sex strong, upgrade easy,

12、 used module type structure, expansion convenient, no repeat construction investment, system of technology performance and quality index should reached international leading level; while, system of installation debugging, and software programming and operation using and should simple, easy master, f

13、or china conditions and this project of features. set the number of advanced technology in a the systems, reflects the current level of the latest development of computer and network technology, adapted to the requirements of the times. while the system is the system used for various management leve

14、ls, its functions are configured to provide the user with comfortable, safe, fast and convenient to3.1, the intelligent building design standards (gb/t 50314-2000) 3.2, the design standard for intelligent building systems engineering (db32/191-1998) 3.3, the code1、建筑概况该建筑位于北京市东城区，东临二环路。该建筑共二十八层，其中地上

15、二十五层、地下三层。根据建筑体形和结构特点，竖向自然分为一四层的裙楼、五层以上的主楼及地下室三个部分。按照用地和规划批复，本着价值为先的分区理念及周边用地的功能性分析，从开发及经营角度将功能做了基本的划分，地下二层和地下三层为停车库（其中地下三层战时为人防物资库），地下一层至四层为商业用房，五层至二十五层为公寓式办公部分。建筑地面以上南北向约74.8米,东西向约71.5米,总建筑面积96799.60平方米，建筑高度91.30米。根据建筑的定位和使用功能，除地下二层和地下三层的停车库外，全楼设计中央空调系统，并尽可能使用集中供热热源。2、空调方案设想在空调系统的冷热源设置和空调系统选择方面，根据

16、建设单位的要求，设计单位提出了以下三种方案：2.1.方案一：冷热源集中布置2.1.1.冷源：在地下二层设置制冷机房，集中设置水冷冷水机组，制取712冷冻水，供全楼空调使用，冷却塔设于屋顶平台处。局部全年需独立使用空调的房间（如中控室、消防中心、变配电室等）设置独立冷热源（风冷热泵机组）的分体空调。2.1.2.热源：使用集中供热热源，在地下二层设置热交换站，经换热器换热出6050二次水供全楼空调使用。2.1.3.空调冷热水系统：空调冷热媒系统采用一级泵变流量方式，水泵与冷热水机组一对一设置，根据冷热媒供回水温度，确定机组和循环泵的运行台数，在供回水干管之间设置差压式旁通阀，水系统采用两管制，并在

17、末端设备回水管上设电动调节阀，以实现末端的变流量运行方式。2.1.4.空调方式：地下一层至四层按照功能分区，大部分为商场、餐饮等经营用房，另有少量办公用房，因此采用适用于大空间的全空气空调系统，可内外分区,由集中设置的制冷机房和热力站提供冷、热媒。五层以上的公寓式办公用房采用风机盘管加新风换气机的中央空调系统，由集中设置的制冷机房和热交换站提供冷、热媒。新风换气机系统在厨房或卫生间留有进、排风竖井位置，并在屋顶设置集中的送、排风风机以克服竖向风道阻力。2.2.方案二：冷源分散布置、热源集中布置2.2.1.冷源：地下一层至四层采用可变冷媒流量中央空调系统，即主机变频控制压缩机转速、台数及冷媒流量

18、，以控制房间温度，风冷室外机设置在五层平面屋顶处；五层至二十五层采用户式中央空调系统，每户分设风冷式空调机，主机设在室外或阳台。地下室不设置集中冷源。2.2.2.热源：使用集中供热热源、在地下室设置热交换站，经换热器换热出6050二次水供五层以上户式中央空调使用。2.2.3.空调热水系统：空调热媒系统采用一级泵变流量方式，水泵与换热机组一对一设置，根据热媒供回水温度，确定机组和循环泵的运行台数，在供回水干管之间设置差压式旁通阀，末端采用两管制，并在末端设备回水管上设电动调节阀，以实现末端的变流量运行方式。2.2.4.空调方式：地下一层至四层采用变频中央空调加新风系统：即将变频空调系统的风冷室外

19、机设置在五层平面屋顶处，由冷媒管与室内机连接，夏季供冷、冬季供热；每层设置多台吊顶式新风机组。此方案可以根据室外气象参数的变化和室内负荷变化确定机组的开启数量及开启范围。首层的西、北向主要出入口大门处设置电热风幕。五层以上公寓式办公用房采用户式中央空调系统，即在每套户内设置一台风冷式空调室外机（需建筑专业在靠外墙处留有室外机所占机房面积），末端采用风机盘管加新风换气机系统，夏季由风冷式空调室外机提供712冷水，冬季由热力站提供6050热水。新风换气机系统由建筑专业在厨房或卫生间留有进、排风竖井位置，并在屋顶设置集中的送、排风风机以克服竖向风道阻力。2.3.方案三：水环热泵中央空调系统，冷源独立

20、布置、热源集中设置2.3.1.冷源：全楼均采用水环中央空调系统，冷源分区域独立布置，由冷却塔提供冷却水，冷却塔设于屋顶平台处。2.3.2.热源：使用集中供热热源、在地下室设置热交换站，经换热器换热出二次水做为水环热泵系统的末端热源。2.3.3.空调方式：全楼均采用水环中央空调新风换气机系统。地下一层至四层每层设置多台水环空调机组及新风换气空调机组，五层以上公寓式办公用房每套内设置水环空调新风换气机组。夏季各区域均为独立制冷系统，制冷时其冷凝器散热集中由冷却塔水系统冷却，冬季由热交换站提供热媒，户内采用整体式吊装机组，末端由风管送风。地下一层至四层各层新风系统均在外墙设置新风口采新风；五层以上新

21、风换气机系统做法同“方案一”。2.3.4.三个空调方案的优缺点见下表：优点缺点方案一制冷设备集中布置在机房，便于统一管理、调节和维修；地下一层至四层的全空气系统可根据室外气象参数和室内负荷变化实现全年多工况节能运行调节，充分利用室外新风，减少与避免冷热抵消，减少制冷机运行时间，节能；五层二十五层可由各用户单独控制。风机盘管安装在吊顶内，灵活性大，结合装修布置风口，只需连接较短的送回风管，新风换气机安装在厨房或卫生间内，风管尺寸小。整个系统使用寿命长、投资适中。集中设置的制冷机房、热力站和空调机房占用面积较大，层高较高；空调机房集中设置也会使空调风管过于集中，风道长、阻力大，常年运行能源损耗稍大

22、，竖向风道也会占用较多的面积，新风引入相对困难，地下一层至四层风系统当支风管及风口较多时不易均衡调节风量，地下一层至四层各层风系统需建筑专业做排风竖井至室外或在各层外墙设置风口。五层至二十五层空调水系统较复杂，安装不当易漏水。方案二地下一层至四层的室外机布置在室外屋顶，只设置集中热力站和新风机房，不需设置集中的制冷机房及空调机房，节省机房面积；没有大尺寸空调送回风风道，节省空间。采用热泵型系统，过渡季和初冬内区可供热、外区可供冷。五层至二十五层以每用户为单元，可适应用户的个性化要求，不受其他用户影响，采用主机与末端分离的安装方式，保证宁静的环境；将制冷费直接转为电费，便于物业管理。室外机占用较

23、多的屋顶面积，建筑专业需调整屋面功能设置。地下一层至四层空调方案冬季如采用热泵方式供热，需考虑辅助热源（电热或热力）。采用进口设备，投资略高。用于大空间时控制稍有不便。新风系统如建筑不能设置新风竖井从屋顶取风，则需在各层外墙设置新风口。五至二十五层每户空调室外机需占用少量的户内面积，且需在建筑立面设置百叶，使室外机处能自然通风。方案三只设置冷却水系统，不设置集中制冷机房；水环空调处理机及新风换气机系统可由各户单独控制。每用户单元可通过配置电表单独计费，便于物业管理；用于地下一层至四层内外区分明的场所可将内区热量为外区供热，以双管系统实现四管系统的功能，使供暖制冷随时可调，有利于节能。系统在冬季

24、需由热力系统供热。五层以上水环空调新风换气机组均安装在厨房或卫生间内、管线较拥挤，会造成局部高度降低，噪声较大；地下一层至四层新风机组需建筑立面设置新风口。初投资略高1015%。由于冷却水系统直接进入分布水环空调机组，开放的循环水结垢将给系统维护带来很大困难。对于上述三个空调方案，初步确定采用方案一，因为此方案为常规做法、应用广泛，本工程建筑面积近10万平方米，较为适宜。但建设单位内部论证时，却认为方案三初投资最少、运行费用经济、节省机房面积、便于分户控制，应为首选。争议主要存在于是选方案一还是选方案三？3、空调方案对比鉴于空调系统确定的涉及因素较多、对初投资和运行费用的影响较大。而对空调方案

25、存在争议的主要是制冷设备是分户设置还是集中设置的问题。两个方案中从主机设备到末端设备及管道系统均有较大差别，虽然只对主机设备进行比较，不能完全体现出整个工程的实际投资情况，但至少可以从一个或几个主要方面反映空调方案的不同。为简化计算，暂假定末端设备投资、管道材料工程量等相同，仅主机设备投资不同。下面就该问题从初投资和运行费用等方面进行简要对比。3.1.初投资及设备性能方面的对比：3.1.1.按75000m2建筑空调面积，冷负荷按120w/m2为预先简化确定条件。 3.1.2.所需要的总制冷量为75000m2120w/m29000000w9000kw。3.1.3.制冷机组制冷量：3.1.3.1.

26、水环分布式制冷机组，由于分散布置于各户内、户型面积的多样，其机组选型不可能容量正好、势必要选用容量较大的机组，必然造成总装机制冷量大于目前的平均值，一般应大20、即9000kw×1.210800kw。3.1.3.2.如选用离心式冷水机组，参考特灵空调公司样本，选用制冷量1583kw一台、2462kw三台，共8969kw1。3.1.3.3.如选用螺杆式冷水机组，参考特灵空调公司样本，选用制冷量703.5kw一台、1407kw六台，共9145.5kw1。3.1.4.各型机组工程价格：水环式制冷机组主机价格930.381046.68元/kw（0.800.90元/kcal·h-1）

27、；离心式制冷机组主机价格581.49639.65元/kw（0.500.55元/kcal·h-1）；螺杆式制冷机组主机价格814.08872.23元/kw（0.700.75元/kcal·h-1）。该价格均不含末端设备，仅为制冷纯主机部分。3.1.5.各型机组的容量调节范围：水环式制冷机组0或100，离心式制冷机组30100，螺杆式制冷机组25100。制冷方案对比表 制冷设备分户设置制冷设备集中设置水环式制冷离心式制冷螺杆式制冷功能满足满足满足满足可靠性技术含量低，一般为二、三线小厂购配件组装，质量稳定性较差，尤其非定型机组内部匹配差，可靠性差些。技术含量高，一般为名牌大厂生产

28、，质量稳定，机组内部匹配较好，经长期使用成熟度高，可靠性好。技术含量较高，一般为大厂生产，质量稳定，机组内部匹配较好，经长期使用成熟度高，可靠性较好。安全性安全安全安全制冷设备初投资总制冷量10800kw，机组价格988.52元/kw ，合计1067.6万元总制冷量8969kw，机组价格639.65元/kw，合计573.7万元总制冷量9145.5kw，机组价格872.23元/kw，合计797.7万元冷却水冷却水30/35、冷却水32/37、冷却水32/37、优点机房面积小，制冷时可分户控制，可分区分别制冷供热并节能运行稳定，容量大时经济性好，空调用户舒适性好，可统一维护运行稳定，调节性能好，空

29、调用户舒适性好，可统一维护缺点机组安装在户内、噪声影响大，卫生间排管较难，维护麻烦，供热需用特殊末端增加造价调节性能稍差，分户计量性差，需配备冷水循环泵，机房面积大经济性欠佳，分户计量性差，需配备冷水循环泵，机房面积大施工及后期维修复杂一般一般与集中供热兼容性兼容性不好兼容兼容供电制冷用电分别输配到各户，户内需设置专用线路、插座，竖向电缆大制冷用电集中输配到制冷站，户内勿需设置专用线路、插座，竖向电缆一般制冷用电集中输配到制冷站，户内勿需设置专用线路、插座，竖向电缆一般制冷机房面积小、高度低面积中等、高度高面积大、高度中等3.2.运行费用方面的对比：空调方案的制冷机组能效比对投用后的运行费用影

30、响很大，为了说明这一问题，通过查询设备生产厂家的说明书列表对比。3.2.1.水环式分户制冷机组制冷的能效比：序号机组型号使用情况与功能制冷量(kw)输入功率(kw)能效比1sdlf-16tr可使用井水或循环水，冷暖16井水 3.105.16循环水 3.404.712sdlf-18tr18井水 3.385.33循环水 3.834.703sdl-35wa使用循环水、单冷3.550.893.994sdl-50wa5.121.284.003.2.2.离心式与螺杆式制冷机组的能效比1：序号生产厂商制冷型式机组型号制冷量(kw)输入功率(kw)能效比1联合开利离心19xr5051 447dfs211040

31、05.282特灵空调离心cvhg565-433-302-i080s-710-i080l-71021103605.863麦克维尔离心079las35f/e3016/c30162110375.55.624特灵空调螺杆rthdc1e1f1703.5126.45.575江苏双良螺杆slaa 072as7201514.776泰豪科技螺杆lsblg-7207201464.93注：由于设备各生产厂家的不同，设备参数有可能不同，计算数据可能存在差异。当然，能效比仅仅是衡量机组运行费用很重要的一个方面，机组的满负荷运行率、室外天气等都对机组运行费用有一定影响。但通过能效比对比至少可以从一个方面反映出不同机组的运

32、行费用。如果按水环式分户制冷机组使用循环水制冷的平均能效比4.35、离心式制冷机组的平均能效比5.59、螺杆式制冷机组的平均能效比5.09、该建筑的总制冷量9000kw、每天运行12小时、每年60天、电价0.7175元/kwh计算，则100负荷时的运行费用对比如下：序号制冷型式平均能效比制冷量(kw)输入功率(kw)年运行费用（万元）10年运行费用（万元）1水环式分户制冷机组（使用循环水）4.3590002068.97106.881068.82离心式制冷机组5.591610.0283.17831.73螺杆式制冷机组5.091768.1791.34913.44、结语通过上述对比可知，采用离心式制

33、冷机组比水环式分户制冷机组的初投资节省493.9万元，年运行费用节省23.71万元，10年运行费用节省237.1万元。因此，考虑到该建筑的空调面积较大，选用集中制冷机组在运行时即使个别用户暂不使用中央空调也可以相互调剂。综合该建筑的实际情况，以上的三种空调冷源方案中，选用离心式大机组制冷作为空调冷源（即选用空调方案一）是较经济、适合该建筑定位的选择。该对比只适合本建筑，实际空调方案确定时还需根据各建筑的具体情况，综合各方面的因素比较确定。for engineering design of generic cabling system for city residential buildings

34、 (cecs/119-2000) 3.4, code for design of buildings and campus cable systems engineering (gb/t50311-2000) 3.5, the code for electrical design of civil buildings (jgj/ t16-92) 3.6, the code for civil closed circuit monitoring tv system engineering technology (gb/50198-94) 3.7, the types of system eart

35、hing and safety technical requirements (gb14050-93) 3.8, of the security engineering procedures and requirements (ga/t75-94) 3.9, the rules of security engineering acceptance (ga/t308-2001) 3.10, the industrial design of tv system code (gbj 115) 3.11, the security checks prevention system pass for g

36、raphics symbol (ga/74-94) 3.12, and fire linkage control equipment general technology conditions (gb 16806-1997) four, and system function and features in system both advanced, and practical, and mature, and reliable, and do system open, and can extended sex good, both investment reasonable, and ben

37、efits best of purpose, border security alarm system on site equipment for concentrated monitored, and control and management, makes these equipment to security, and reliable, and efficient to run, maximize intelligent management role to create a safe, healthy, comfortable and pleasant, and to improv

38、e the efficiency of a good environment and save energy, and reduce maintenance personnel. according to the project's environmental needs, and engagement functions to establish the project boundary security alarm system, in a word, this boundary is a project of the security alarm system is highly

39、 automated and efficient hospitality for a comfortable, convenient, and highly secure environment. five, scheme design based on design principles, design specifications and according to international and domestic standards, and in accordance with user needs, as well as drawings and related informati

40、on provided by, and joining the project's actual situation and future development trends, border security alarm systems for the project design. 5.1. principle of system and burglar alarm system from detectors, regional directors, and the alarm control centre composed of three parts. its principl

41、es as in the following chart: detectors for burglar alarm system is inside and outside the building in key areas, important places, protection, when the probe to illegal invaders, the signal transmitted to the alarm control: sound and light alarm, display address, about the person on duty after rece

42、iving the alarm, take measures according to the situation, to control the development of the situation. anti-theft alarm system alarm function in addition to the above, there is linkage function. such as: open the alarm light (including infrared lamp), interactive audio and video matrix controller, switch on the alarm camera on the spot, matrix controller tv ser