新教材八年级下册英语1-10单元短语语法

1、Unit 1 Grammar should的用法：1. 用于第一人称疑问句，表征询意见。 如： Should I open the window? 我可以开窗户吗？2. should表义务，可用于各种句式，通常指将来。如：You should do what your parents tell you.  你应该照你父母的话去做事。He should do some work, but he doesnt want to. 他应该做些工作，但是他不想做。也可指现在。如： You shouldnt feel so unhappy over such trifles.对这种小事，你不应该

2、感到这么不高兴。You shouldnt be sitting in the sun.  你不应该坐在阳光下。3. should表推测，暗含很大的可能。如： Its 4:30. They should be in New York by now. 现在是四点半，他们应该到达纽约了。Three weeks should suffice.  三个星期应该足够了。Usage seesee sb do sth看到某人经常做某事或某事的全过程see sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事noticenotice sb do sth注意到某人经常做某事或某事的全过程notice s

3、b doing sth注意到某人正在做某事watchwatch sb do sth观察到某人经常做某事或某事的全过程watch sb doing sth观察到某人正在做某事hearhear sb do sth听到某人经常做某事或某事的全过程hear sb doing sth听到某人正在做某事listen tolisten to sb do sth听见某人经常做某事或某事的全过程listen to sb doing sth听见某人正在做某事hurt表示“伤害”的普通用于，即可指身体上的伤害，也可指精神或感情上的伤害injured多指在事故中受伤，也可指损害名誉、容貌等；强调功能的损失wound多

4、指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之苦，指出血的、较严重的伤，多指战场上的伤Useful expressionshave a fever 发烧have a cough 咳嗽talk too much说得太多drink enough water 喝足够的水have a cold患感冒have a bad cold患重感冒have a stomachache胃痛have a sore back背痛have a sore throat嗓子痛lie down and take a rest躺下来休息sound like 听起来像all weekend整个周末in the same way以同样的方式go to

5、a doctor看医生go along沿着。走on the side of the road在马路边thanks to 。多亏了。；由于。have a heart problem有心脏病to ones surprise让。吃惊的是put a bandage on 用绷带包扎。in time 及时on time准时save a life挽救生命get into trouble陷入困境；造成麻烦right away马上；立刻because of 。由于（后接名词或名词短语）get out of离开；从。中出来hurt oneself受伤have a nosebleed流鼻血feel sick恶心m

6、ountain climbing登山运动run out of 。用完。；耗尽。be used to doing sth习惯做某事used to do sth过去常常做某事so that 以便；为了so 。 that。如此。以至于。be in control of 。控制。；掌握。be out of control 失控in a difficult situation在困境中keep on doing sth继续/坚持做某事make a decision做决定take risks to do sth冒险做某事give up doing sth放弃做某事；不做某事be interested in

7、。对。感兴趣agree to do sth同意做某事take ones temperature量体温cut off 。切掉。ones love for 。某人对。的热爱/喜爱get to 。reacharrive in / at到达get in购买get on上车get off下车get on/along well with 。和。和睦相处get ready for 。为。做好准备get/come/go back回来（=return）take a walk散步（=walk）take / have a rest休息 （=rest）take/ have a look看一看（=look）take /

8、 have a swim游泳 （=swim）take off起飞；脱掉put off推迟；拖延give off发出；散发break off中断；突然停止turn off关闭；关掉fall off跌落；从。掉下来；下降set off （set out）出发fall over跌倒；向前摔倒hot tea with honey加蜂蜜的热茶fall down ( from)滑倒；倒下take breaks休息away from 。远离。next to 。在。旁边act quickly迅速行动wait for 。等。the next bus下一班公交车mean life or death意味着生或死ge

9、t an X-ray拍一张X光片put ones head back头向后仰a mountain climbers登山者lose ones life丧命use sth to do sth用某物做某事lose too much blood失血过多find help寻求帮助fall ill生病make sb ill/sick使某人生病be important to do sth做某事很重要put some medicine on 。在。上敷药be important for sb to do sth某人做某事很重要between a rock and a hard place进退两难sit wit

10、hout moving坐着不动in the same way以同样的方式；以同样的姿势for too long太久Unit 2 Grammar 动词短语由动词加介词构成，相当于一个及物动词，后面要跟宾语Usage be used to do sth被用于做某事used to do sth过去常常做某事be used for sth用于。get /be used to doing sth习惯做某事（to后跟名词、代词或v+ing） such和so的区别词性和用法so作副词时，用来修饰形容词或副词；such做形容词时，用来修饰名词相互转换so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词 = such a/an

11、 + 形容词+单数可数名词e.g. beautiful a flower = such a beautiful flower注意当名词前有many、much、few、little等修饰时，要用so，而不是suche.g. so many people so much moneyalone lonelyalone即可做形容词也可做副词，强调独自一人，无同伴。做形容词时，在句中多用作表语或宾语补足语，不能做定语lonely只能做形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”带有一定的感情色彩open， close， turn on， turn off的区别open适用于能直接打开的东西；如：门、窗户、盒子、书等t

12、urn on适用于需要通过按钮、遥控或旋转才能打开的东西；如：电器、水管等closeturn offUseful expressionshelp out with sth帮助解决某事（困难等）care for关心；照顾the look of joy快乐的表情at the age of 。在。岁时clean up 打扫(或清除)干净cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀give out 分发;散发come up with 想出；提出make a plan 制订计划make some notices做些公告牌an old peoples home 养老院try out试行；试用work for为

13、。工作；为。效力put up举起；建造；张贴hand out分发；散发；发给call up打电话；召集for example例如；比如raise money募捐；筹钱take after 。与。相像；像。be similar to 。与。像give away赠送；捐赠fix up修理；修补；解决set up建立；设立disabled people残疾人make a difference影响；起作用be able to do sth能做某事after-school reading program课外阅读项目a strong feeling of satisfaction很强烈的满足感after

14、school放学后after class下课后after work下班后how to care for animals 如何照顾动物a 。 lover酷爱。的人make a plan做计划at the same time同时be worried about 。为。担忧for fun为了好玩stop doing sth停止做某事travel alone独自一人旅行stop to do sth停下来去做某事make it possible for sb to do sth让某人可能做某事 the idea of doing sth做某事的想法be excited about 。为。感到兴奋/激动g

15、ive sb orders给某人下命令at once立刻；马上change sbs life改变某人的生活train to do sth训练去某事be a guide做导游be free to do sth有空做某事be strong in 。很擅长。need to do sth需要做某事be good at 。擅长。agree to do sth同意做某事decide to do sth决定做某事refuse to do sth拒绝做某事remember to do sth记得要去做某事forget to do sth忘记要做某事try to do sth尽力做某事want to do st

16、h想要做某事stay up熬夜open up打开end up最终成为use up= run out用完eat up吃光cut up切碎take up占用give a talk on就。做演讲/报告give advice on。提供有关。的建议give sth to sb把某物给某人be different from 。与。不同keep an eye on sb/sth照看某人；留心注意某事be the same as 。和。一致hate to do/ doing sth讨厌做某事hate sb for sth因某事讨厌/仇视某人hate to think that 。不敢想。sbs hate

17、for someone某人对某人的厌恶/憎恨a look of hate憎恨的目光make a lot of money挣很多钱make it possible for sb to do sth让某人有可能做某事go on a journey to 。去。旅行food bank食品救济站put off推迟；延迟Unit 3Grammar Would/ Could you please？表示提出请求或许可时；would/ could 并非是动词过去式。而是表示说话者语气较为委婉。例：uld you please tell me how to get the post office? 请你告诉我怎

18、么才能到邮局，好吗？Usage pay表示花钱；主语是人，和介词for搭配 pay some money for sthspend既可以表示花钱也可以表示花时间；主语是人 spend time/money on sth spend time/money in doing sthtake表示花时间； It takes/took sb some time to do sth . Sth takes/took sb some timecost表示花钱；主语多为事物 Sth costs/cost sb + 钱数.have to表示客观需要有人称、数、时态变化否定结构表示“不必”不可表示推测must表示

19、主观上的必要无人称、数、时态变化否定结构表示“禁止”可表推测；意为“一定/肯定是”Expressionsgo out for dinner出去吃饭stay out late在外面待到很晚go to the movies 去看电影get a ride 搭车work on 从事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事clean and tidy 干净整洁do the dishes 洗餐具take out the rubbish 倒垃圾fold your/the clothes 叠衣服sweep the floor 扫地make your/the bed 整理床铺clean the livn

20、g room 打扫客厅no problem 没问题develop childrens independence发展孩子的独立性come home from school/ work放学/下班回家throw down 扔下sit down 坐下come over 过来take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步all the time 一直;总是all day/evening 整曰/夜do housew ork 做家务shout back 大声回应walk away走开share the housework 分担家务a com fortable home 一个舒适的家in surpris

21、e 惊讶地get som ething to drin k 拿点喝的东西watch one show 观看一个节目hang out 闲逛pass sb. sth.把某物传给某人lend sb. sth把某物借给某人get sth. wet使某物弄湿hate to do sth讨厌做某事do chores做杂务help sb. (to ) do /with sth帮助某人干某事go to the store去商店invite sb. to a party邀请某人参加聚会make sb. do sth.使某人做某事a waste of time浪费时间in order to为了get good g

22、rades取得好成绩mind doing sth.介意做某事do one s part in (doing ) sth.做某人分内的事depend on依赖;依靠welcome sb欢迎某人a big deal重要的事work out成功地发展;解决get on with睦相处；关系良好fight a lot经常吵架/打架hang over笼罩be enough for sb对于某人来说足够了be back from shopping购物回家any time随时get/be angry with sb生某人的气a need for sb to do sth某人有做某事的必要finish doi

23、ng sth做完某事provide sth for sb给某人提供某物fall ill生病take turns to do sth轮流做某事throw sth at把某物扔向throw away扔掉throw sb sth把某物扔向某人at times =sometimes有时from time to time有时偶尔for the first time第一次at the same time同时in no time=at once立刻；马上fall behind落后fall into落入；陷入fall in love with 。爱上。clean and tidy干干净净；干净整洁get a

24、ride搭车give sb a ride让某人搭车Unit 4 Grammar时间状语从句(1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如：It was raining hard when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang.As he walked along the lake, he sang happily.He had learned a little Ch

25、inese before he came to China.After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory.(2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。例如：Ill ring you up as soon as I get to New York.I will tell him everything when he comes back.He wont believe it until he sees it with his own eyes.(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语

26、从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”, “在以前不”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out.Lets wait until the rain stops. We wont start until Bob comes. Dont get off until the bus stops.目的状语从句(1)目的状语从句通常由 so that, in order that引导。例如：We started early so that we c

27、ould catch the first train.He studies hard so that he could work better in the future.We used the computer in order that we might save time.(2)so that既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等。2)从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speak clearly so that they may understand you

28、. (目的状语从句)Jack is badly ill so that he has to rest. (结果状语从句)让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句通常由although, though等连词引导。例如：Though he is young, he knows a lot.Although I am tired, I must go on working.(2)although(though)和but不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Though it was raining hard, but he still went out.应该说：Though it was raining h

29、ard, he still went out.或It was raining hard, but he still went out.Usage and和；又；而且表示顺承或递进关系She came in and sat down.but但是；可是表示转折关系He doesnt like music but his wife does.so因此；所以表示因果关系The shops were closed so I didnt get anything.or或；或者；否则表示选择关系Will you have tea or coffee? Hurry up, or you will be lat

30、e.Expressionshave free time有空闲时间allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事hang out with sb.与某人闲逛after-school classes课外活动课get into a fight with sb.与某人吵架/打架until midnight直到半夜get enough sleep有足够的睡眠write sb. a letter给某人写信call sb. up令某人惊讶surprise sb.令某人惊讶look through翻看be angry with sb.生某人的气look down向下看be angry at/about

31、 sth对某事感到生气be oneself做自己get better grades取得更好的成绩family member家庭成员give one s opinion提出某人的观点spend time alone独自消磨时光learn exam skills学习应试技巧give sb. pressure给某人施压practice sports体育训练have a fight with sb.与某人吵架cause stress造成压力compete with sb.与某人竞争cut out删除free time activities业余活动communicate with sb与某人交流/沟通f

32、orget about sth忘记某事make sth clear解释某事give sb a lot of pressure 给某人很大的压力get into 。进入。；升入。a mother of three一位三个孩子的母亲compare sb with 。把某人与。相比push sb so hard给某人施加太大的压力a childs development一位孩子的成长have time to do sth有时间做某事try to be the best努力成为最优秀的人in my opinion照我看；我的想法是。all kinds of 。各种各样的。hang on不挂断；稍等片刻

33、hang up挂断（电话）on TV在电视上on the radio通过收音机on the Internet在互联网上on the computer在电脑上on duty值班；值日on fire失火on business出差have/take a look看一下；看一看look out = watch out小心；当心look up向上看；查阅cause stress造成压力practice sports体育训练be oneself做自己worry about sth担心某事offer to do sth主动提出做某事call sb up给某人打电话too many太多（后跟可数名词）too

34、much太多（后跟不可数名词）much too太。（用来修饰形容词或副词）Unit 5.Grammar 1. 过去进行时的定义    过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如：    I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时，我正在跟李华谈话。    I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看电视。    2. 过去进行时的结构&

35、#160;   过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。如：    I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。    We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。    3. 使用过去进行时应注意的几点    （1） 过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。如：    He said they were leaving for Beij

36、ing this afternoon. 他说他今天下午要去北京。    （2） 动词hope， wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如：    I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动？    （3） 过去进行时中有always， forever， continually， constantly修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如： &

37、#160;  He was always thinking of others. 他总是想到人家。    4. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别    （1） 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如：    He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。（不一定写完）    He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。（已经写完

38、）    （2） 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词（如be， like， love， hate， fear， own， hear， see， know， want， notice）可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如：    I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。    （3） 一般过去时与always， constantly， forever， continually等连用，表示“过去经

39、常性、习惯性的动作”；而过去进行时与always， constantly， forever， continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感*彩。如：    He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。    He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。    （4） 有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。如： 

40、0;  I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。    I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议Usage:宾语从句语 序宾语从句都要用陈述句语序。E.g. She asked where I lived.引导词引导词有that，if/whether，以及特殊疑问词what，who，when，why，which，how时 态通常情况下，主句为一般过去时，从句也要用相应的过去时态；若主句为一般现在时

41、，从句则根据事实情况来决定。状语从句的引导词有很多，常见的有：引导词词 义例 句when当时；The army was disbanded when the war came to end.while在。期间；与。同时I lived in a hotel while I was a student.While I was waiting at the bus stop,three busses went by in the opposite direction.before在。之前I wiped my shoed before I came in.after在。之后I found my coa

42、t after you had left the house.as当。时; 随着He smiled as he passed.As she grew older, she gained in confidence.since自从。Since his wife died, hes just let himself go.(since引导的从句多用过去时，主句则多用现在完成时)until直到。Lets wait until the rain stops.Expressionsmake sure确信;确认break. . apart使分离beat against.拍打 in times of dif

43、ficulty在困难的时候fall asleep进人梦乡；睡着at the time of当.时候die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失go off(闹钟)发出响声go on继续go by(时间)过去；消逝wake up醒来take a hot shower洗热水澡in a mess一团糟hear the news听到这个消息miss the bus错过公交车important events in history历史上的重大事件pick up接电话for example 例如bring. together使靠拢be / get killed被杀害in the area在这个地区over 505 0

44、多(岁）miss the event错过这个事件a school pupil一个小学生by the side of the road在路边on the radio通过广播the Animal Helpline动物保护热线in silence沉默;无声walk by走路经过take downt拆除;摧毁make ones way to.在某人去的路上have meaning to对有意义more recently最近地; 新近remember doing sth记得做过某事the World Trade Center世贸中心at first首先;最初at the time of 。时；那时nee

45、 help with sth某事上需要帮助strong winds大风；狂风heavy rainstorm暴风雨 a piece of wood一块木头play a card game玩扑克牌beat against the window敲打在窗户上break 。apart分裂。；使。解体in times of 。在。的时候/时期over 50五十来岁be / feel shocked感到震惊look out 。从。看be / feel scared感到恐惧tell the truth about 。就。说实话have trouble doing sth做某事有困难walk home from

46、 school从学校往家走point 。out指出。as well也the big day大日子；重要的一天call out 。喊出。；叫出。in person亲自in a hurry匆忙in the future在将来；在未来in future今后at the moment此时；现在go to bed就寝；上床睡觉get / go to sleep入睡(强调入睡到睡着的过程)in the past在过去all in all总的来说in a hurry匆忙rise in the east在东方升起raise your hands举起手来Unit 6 An old man tried to mo

47、ve the mountainsGrammar 状语从句1. so that 以至, 以便 Ill run slowly so that you can catch up with me. (目的) 我将慢慢跑以至你能赶上我。 I opened the window so that fresh air might come in. (目的)我把窗户打开以使新鲜空气可以进来。2. sothat 如此以至于（主语+谓语+so + adj. /adv. + that） The scientists report was so instructive that we were all very exc

48、ited. 科学家的报告很有启发性，我们感到很兴奋。 He always studied so hard that he made great progress. 他总是那么努力，结果他取得了很大的进步。3. suchthat 如此。以至 主语+谓语+such +a(an) + adj. +单数可数名词+ that He is such a clever boy that everyone loves him. 主语+谓语+such + adj. +复数可数名词+ thatThey re such interesting novels that I want to read them once

49、 more. 主语+谓语+such + adj. +不可数名词+ thatIts such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park. 天气是如此的好，我们大家都想去公园玩。注意 如果such的名词肉many，much，few，little，等词修饰时，则使用soHe had so many falls that he was black and blue all over.4. if, unless (=if not) E.g. if it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天不

50、下雨, 我们就去远足. e.g. you will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努力学习,就会取得好成绩.e.g. I will go to the party unless he goes there too.我不会去参加聚会的, 除非他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)e.g. You will be late unless you leave immediately.如果你不马上走,你将会迟到的.(=if you dont leave immediately, you will be late.)难点提示：用条件状语从句时要注意时态的正确使用,

51、当主句是将来时的时候,从句要用一般现在时.He will not leave if it isnt fine tomorrow. 一般将来时 一般现在时They are going to have a picnic if it doesnt rain next week. 一般将来时 一般现在时5. as soon as 一。就。 I will call 有 as soon as I get there.Usage 感叹句what引导What+ a/an +形容词+单数可数名词（+主语+谓语）！ What a fine day it Is！ What a cold day it is！What +形容词+复数可数名词（+主语+谓语）！ What nice readings these are！ What smart boys they ar