2022版高考英语一轮复习语法专题突破专题6非谓语动词课件外研版

1、语法专题突破专题六非谓语动词考点精讲非谓语动词的形式及句法功能考点一非谓语动词作定语1动词不定式作定语(1)动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系。she is always the first to come and the last to leave.她总是第一个来，最后一个走。(主谓关系)have you got a letter to write?你有信要写吗？(动宾关系)特别提示：动词不定式既可用主动式也可用被动式，但其含义有所不同。试比较：do you have anything to send? (动作的执行者是“你”)你还邮寄

2、什么东西吗？do you have anything to be sent？(动作的执行者是“我”或“别人”)你还有什么东西要(我或别人)去寄吗？(2)当名词或代词被序数词、形容词最高级、the last、the only等修饰，且不定式与其逻辑主语为主谓关系时，常用动词不定式作定语。he is the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。(3)当被修饰词是表示抽象意义的名词时，常用不定式作后置定语，且不定式常用主动形式。常见的此类名词有ability，chance，idea，attempt，plan，way，opportunity等。i want to h

3、ave a chance to further my study abroad.我想获得到国外深造的机会。特别提示：在作定语的动词不定式中，如果其中的动词是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词。但是如果被不定式修饰的名词为place，time，way等，不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去。she is a very nice person to work with.她是个可以共事的很好的人。he has no place to live (in).他没有地方住。2动词-ing形式作定语当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主动关系或用来表示被修饰词的用途时，用动词-ing形式。three days lat

4、er, i received a letter offering me the job.三天后，我收到了一封给我提供这份工作的信。this is a reading room.这是一个阅览室。特别提示：被修饰的名词与修饰词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用动词-ing形式的被动式作定语，表示该动作的被动和进行。the houses being built are for the teachers.正在建造的房子是给老师的。3过去分词作定语过去分词作定语，被修饰的名词与分词在逻辑上通常是被动关系。过去分词作定语也可表示完成。tsinghua university，founded in 1911，i

5、s home to a great number of outstanding figures.清华大学建立于1911年，是许多杰出人物的摇篮。this is a book written by a famous chinese writer.这是一本由一位著名的中国作家写的书。考点二非谓语动词作状语1动词不定式作状语，表示目的、原因、结果等(1)作目的状语，有时用in order to或so as to，但so as to不用于句首。we will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our s

6、kies blue again.为使我们的天空再次蔚蓝，我们将继续开展防治空气污染的运动。(2)作结果状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，常用结构enough to，too to ，only to等。he is clever enough to work out the difficult maths problems.他很聪明，能解决数学难题。im too tired to stay up any longer.我太累了，不能再熬夜了。(3)作原因状语，此时常与表示情感的形容词连用，如glad，happy，frightened，surprised等。i was frightened to fi

7、nd that in front of my door sat a dog.发现门前坐着一只狗，我很害怕。特别提示： 动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy，hard，difficult，pleasant，good，fit，comfortable等后面作状语，构成“主语be形容词不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。this book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。2动词-ing形式作状语动词-ing形式作状语，常表原因、方式、伴随、时间、结果、让步等，与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。she sat there reading.她坐在那

8、里读书。(伴随状语)seeing her mother，she cried out.一见到她妈妈，她哭了起来。(时间状语)being blind，how could he see it? 眼睛失明了，他怎么能看到它？(原因状语)his parents died，leaving him an orphan.他的父母去世了，使他成为一名孤儿。(结果状语)特别提示：动词不定式作结果状语时，常表示意想不到的结果；而动词-ing形式作结果状语时，常表示自然而然的结果。he hurried to the bus stop，only to find that the bus had already gone

9、.他急匆匆赶到车站，结果发现公交车已经走了。there was a terrible accident，causing the traffic jam.出了严重的交通事故，引起了交通堵塞。3过去分词作状语过去分词作状语，分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。given the right kind of training，these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。bitten twice，the postman refused

10、to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.由于被咬了两次，邮递员拒绝给我们送信，除非我们把狗拴起来。某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，且往往用于一些系表结构中，此时这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态，如：lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden(隐瞒的)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着的)，tired of(对感到厌倦的)等。absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间

11、。dressed in red，she looks more beautiful.穿着红色的衣服，她看上去更漂亮了。特别提示：独立成分作状语，其形式不受前后文的影响。常用的有：considering (鉴于，考虑到)；generally speaking(总的来说)；judging by/from (从来看，依据来判断)；supposing that (假定)；providing that (如果)；owing to (由于)；talking/speaking of (谈及)；given that (考虑到)；provided that (如果)；to tell the truth(实话实说)

12、；to be honest(老实说)等。generally speaking，it is hot in summer in this area.总的来说，该地区夏季炎热。考点三非谓语动词作宾语1有些动词或动词短语后通常接不定式作宾语，巧记如下：想要干：want，wish，hope，expect，seek，attempt，aim，claim，would like/love，desire早打算：plan，prepare，arrange同意否：agree，promise，undertake，offer，refuse问问看：ask，beg决定了：decide，determine，make up one

13、s mind，be determined尽力干：manage(反义词fail)，struggle，strive努力做：make an effort别装蒜：pretend此外，learn，choose，afford，happen，wait等也常用不定式作宾语。all the factors considered，we decided to offer the job to li wei，a man of rich experience.把所有的因素都考虑进去后，我们决定把这份工作给李伟，一个很有经验的人。2有些动词或动词短语后常接动词-ing形式作宾语，巧记如下：考虑建议盼原谅：consider

14、，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon承认推迟没得想：admit，delay/put off，fancy避免错过继续练：avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice否认完成停止赏：deny，finish，stop，enjoy/appreciate不禁介意准逃亡：cant help，mind，allow/permit，escape不准冒险凭想象：forbid，risk，imagine此外，feel like，devote to，be/get used to，object to，set about，insist on，pay

15、attention to，stick to，be busy (in)，have difficulty/trouble (in)等动词短语后也接动词-ing形式作宾语。i avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.我回避提及这个问题，以免冒犯他。that would mean wasting a lot of labour.那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。really? i dont mean to waste any labour.是吗？我并没打算浪费劳动力。特别提示：动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语。此时，逻辑主语可以是

16、物主代词、人称代词的宾格或名词所有格。作宾语的动词-ing形式和不定式除了一般式和主动式，还有完成式、被动式。完成式表示该动作比谓语动作先发生。否定式在doing/to do前加not。do you mind my/me reading your paper?你介意我看你的考卷吗？i regret not having taken her advice. (not须放在having前)我后悔没有听从她的建议。they couldnt stand being treated like that.他们不能忍受被那样对待。he decided to help me but i pretended t

17、o have finished my job.他决定帮我，但我假装已经完成工作了。1分词作补语的区别现在分词作宾补的两大特征：一是宾语与现在分词有主谓关系；二是现在分词所表示的动作正在进行。可接现在分词作宾补的动词(短语)常见的有：have，see，hear，find，get，leave，notice，watch，keep，start，set，catch，smell，feel，listen to，look at等。考点四非谓语动词作宾补i looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfa

18、st.我抬头注意到一条蛇在树上爬行去捕捉它的早餐。i wont have you speaking to your dad like that.我不会让你那样和你爸爸说话。i heard an english song being sung by a little girl when i passed by her room yesterday. (被动，正在进行)昨天当我经过一个小女孩的房间时，听到她正在唱歌。过去分词作宾补的两大特征：一是及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有动宾关系；二是不及物动词的过去分词作宾补与宾语有主谓关系，多用来表示动作已完成。可接过去分词作宾补的动词有：have，se

19、e，hear，find，leave，want，make等。claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.claire在飞机离开前一小时检查了行李。i was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.我吃惊得发现我的家乡变化如此大。2不定式作补语接带to的不定式作宾补，此类动词(短语)有：advise，allow，ask，cause，command，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，hate，invite，leave，like，mean

20、，order，permit，persuade，prefer，request，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend on/upon，long for，wait for等。i didnt mean you to hear it.我没打算让你听到它。were all longing for the new term to begin.我们都盼望着新学期的开始。接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语)有：make，have，let等使役动词以及see，watch，notice，observe，look at，feel，hear，listen to等感官动词(短语)。如果这

21、些动词或短语用于被动语态，则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保留。let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.让那些需要的人理解，我们会全力以赴帮助他们。she was seen to enter the managers office ten minutes ago.十分钟前她被看见进入了经理办公室。1动词-ing形式作主语动词-ing形式作主语表示抽象的、经常性的或习惯性的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向。its not easy to learn english wellreadi

22、ng as much as possible is necessary.学好英语不容易。尽可能多阅读是必要的。考点五非谓语动词作主语通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语，动词-ing短语后置。it is no good/use learning without practice.学习但不实践是没有用的。2动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作。to get up early is necessary.早起是必要的。通常为了避免句子主语过于冗长，用it作形式主语，动词不定式短语后置。its not easy to work out the problem.解决

23、这一问题不容易。1动名词作表语时，说明主语的内容。the queens work is laying eggs.女王的工作是产卵。2不定式作表语时，说明主语尚未发生的动作，或表示将来的动作。his ambition is to go to harvard university.他的志愿是上哈佛大学。注意：现在分词或过去分词作表语时，通常为分词化的形容词。考点六非谓语动词作表语1名词或主格代词动词不定式名词或主格代词与动词不定式之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且强调的是一次具体性的将来的动作。he is going to make a model plane，some old parts to help

24、.借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。考点七独立主格结构2名词或主格代词动词-ing形式名词或主格代词与动词-ing形式之间为逻辑上的主动关系。the girl staring at him ( as the girl stared at him)，he didnt know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。3名词或主格代词过去分词名词或主格代词与过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。the problems solved ( as the problems were solved)，the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决，质量已经提高

25、了。the man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.如此多孩子坐在这个人周围，他非常高兴。john received an invitation to dinner，and with his work finished，he gladly accepted it.约翰收到了去参加晚宴的邀请，他工作完成了，高兴地接受了。with a lot of difficult problems to settle，the newly elected president is having a hard time.有许多难题要

26、解决，这个新上任的总统处境艰难。难点释疑名词的“数”的判断非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语的关系 1非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子的主语保持一致。【误】found him angry，i began to tell jokes.【正】finding him angry，i began to tell jokes.发现他生气了，我开始讲笑话。【误】looking around，there was no one nearby.【正】looking around，i found there was no one nearby.环顾四周，我发现附近没有人。2若非谓语动词的逻辑主语

27、与句子的主语不一致，则要在非谓语动词前加上其自身的逻辑主语，“逻辑主语(名词/主格代词)非谓语动词”被称为独立主格结构：具体形式如下：(1)名词/代词现在分词。现在分词可有语态和时态的变化。winter coming，it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。(2)名词/代词过去分词。构成过去分词的动词与名词/代词为动宾关系，且过去分词表示动作已完成。the test finished，we began our holiday.考试结束了，我们的假期开始了。(3)名词/代词不定式。不定式表示将来的动作，有语态的变化。the two boys said goo

28、dbye to each other, one to go home，the other to go to his friends.两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回家，另一个去朋友家。(4)有些分词/不定式短语作状语时，尽管它们的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但也不作为语法错误来处理。常见的这类分词短语有generally/frankly/roughly/ strictly speaking，talking of，speaking of，judging from, taking everything into consideration等。generally speaking，girls are mo

29、re interested in literature than boys.一般来说，女孩子比男孩子更喜欢文学。常见的这类不定式短语有to be frank，to be sure，to tell(you)the truth，to be honest，to make matters worse等。to tell you the truth，its all greek to me.说实话，我对此一窍不通。解题策略策略一分析句子结构，判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词首先判定所给提示词是否充当句子的谓语，如果句子不缺少谓语，就用非谓语动词。【典例】during the mid-autumn festiva

30、l，family members often gather together _ (share) a meal，admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.解析：句意：在中秋节期间，家庭成员常常欢聚一堂，享受大餐、赏月并品尝月饼。分析句子结构可知，句子为简单句，且谓语动词为gather，故空处应填非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语。故填to share。to share策略二找逻辑主语，再判断与动词之间的关系非谓语动词作定语时，其逻辑主语是被修饰词；作状语时，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；作补语时，其逻辑主语是动词或介词的宾语。分析非谓语动词与其逻

31、辑主语(逻辑上的动作执行者)之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系(也就是看其逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是承受者)。如果逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间是主谓关系，则用现在分词；如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，则用过去分词。但是当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用现在分词形式的被动式。【典例】jim has retired，but he still remembers the happy time _ (spend)with his students.解析：句意：吉姆已经退休，但他仍记得与学生们一起度过的快乐时光。根据句意并分析句子

32、结构可知，the happy time与spend是逻辑上的动宾关系，且此处表示一个已完成的动作，所以用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填spent。spent策略三判断所给动词与谓语动词发生的先后顺序根据非谓语动词与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序确定用一般式还是完成式。如to have done，having done表示该动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前；to be doing，doing表示该动作与谓语动词表示的动作(几乎)同时发生。【典例】he is thought _ (act) foolishlynow he has no one but himself to blame for lo

33、sing the job.解析：句意：他被认为是举止愚蠢的，现在失去这份工作他只能责怪自己，不能怨别人。be thought to do sth表示“被认为做了某事”；由句意可知，act的动作发生在think之前，故用不定式的完成式to have acted。to have acted易错聚焦3缺少前后主语一致意识(误) before handing in your test paper，it is necessary to go over the whole paper.(正) before handing in your test paper，you should go over the

34、whole paper.(正) before you hand in your test paper，you should go over the whole paper.达标检测单句语法填空1(2020新高考卷)as well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or _ (walk)through a rainforest.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：除了观赏展

35、品，游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏，想象自己生活在一个不同的历史时期，或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living是并列成分，共同做imagine的宾补，imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。walking2(2020新课标卷)chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard change-4 _ (find) and study areas of the south pole-aitken basin.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此

36、处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。to find3(2020浙江卷)later，they learned to work with the seasons，planting at the right time and，in dry areas, _ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，make所处的分句中无主语，故此处需用非谓语动词。make use of和逻辑主语they之间表示

37、“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式(doing)形式做状语。故填making。making4(2020浙江卷)agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology _ (change)lives.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子，简单句中已有动词gave故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意，此处需用不定式表示目的。故填to change。to change5(2020天津卷改编) _ (help)us prepare for the exam, the

38、teacher suggested reading through our notes.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助我们准备考试，老师建议通读我们的笔记。分析句子结构可知，老师建议我们诵读笔记是“为了”帮助我们准备考试。故表目的，应用动词不定式。故填to help。to help6(2020新课标卷)they represent the earth _ (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。

39、名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填ing7(2019全国i卷)scientists have responded by _ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are higher than they actually are.解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by可知，此处用动名词主动形式。故填noting。noting

40、8(2019全国卷)a 90-year-old has been awarded “woman of the year” for _ (be) britains oldest full-time employeestill working 40 hours a week.解析：考查非谓语动词。介词for后跟动词时，应用其-ing形式作宾语。故填being。being9(2019浙江卷)but some students didnt want _ (wear) the uniform.解析： 考查非谓语动词作宾语。句意：但是，有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth“想要做某事”，这

41、是want的固定用法。故填to wear。to wear10(2018浙江卷)i still remember _ (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and i was shocked when i learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth。故填visiting。visiting11(2018全国卷)you may drink, smoke, be overwei

42、ght and still reduce your risk of _ (die) early by running.解析：考查动名词。句意：你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。12(2018全国卷)once his message was delivered, he allowed me _ (stay)and watch.解析：考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb. to do“允许某人做某事”，应该用to stay。dyingto stay13(全国卷)in addition to their simple beaut

43、y, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _ (use) electric equipment.解析：介词without之后的动词要用动名词形式。14(2019全国卷)on our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take _ (get)there.解析：考查不定式。句中的would提示我们作者还没有到

44、达那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺谓语，此处应填非谓语动词，故填to get，作主语代替形式主语it。usingto get15(2019天津卷) _ (learn) to think critically is an important skill todays children will need for the future.解析：考查动名词。句意：学会批判性思维是当代小孩未来所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主语成分，而过去分词、动词都不可以作主语。此处用动名词作主语。故填learning。learning16(2018全国卷)i quickly lower myself, ducki

45、ng my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel _ (challenge).解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。challenged17(2019全国卷)when we got a call _ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke.解析：考查非谓语动词。根据其后所接的宾语从句可知，此处用现在分词形式saying作后置定语，解释名词c

46、all的内容，call与say是主动关系。故填saying。saying18(全国卷)but my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a tv show in the mid-1980s, when i was the first western tv reporter _ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.解析：因为句中已有谓语动词was，故此处要用非谓语动词形式。因permit与reporter

47、之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作后置定语。permitted19(四川)for 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something _ (eat)!解析：不定式to eat作定语，修饰前面的不定代词something。句意：25天中，她寸步不离她的孩子，甚至不去找东西吃！to eat20(全国卷)abercrombie & kent, a travel company in hong kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _

48、 (live) in shanghai and hong kong.解析：句中已有谓语动词arranges，故应考虑此处填非谓语动词。由于live与其所修饰的名词people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用表示主动意义的现在分词形式作定语。故填living。living21(全国卷)a study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website tripadvisor names yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.解析：句意：tripadvisor网站进行的一项对于旅行者的调查把阳朔列为世

49、界十佳旅游目的地之一。根据句意和句子结构可知，study与conduct构成逻辑上的被动关系，故此处应该使用过去分词作定语，修饰名词study。故填conducted。conducted22(2019全国卷)on the last day of our week-long stay，we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the north shore under the stars， _ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.解析：考

50、查分词。本句谓语动词为“were invited”，所以本题空格处动词listen应用非谓语动词形式。听音乐这个动作是由we发出的，所以选用现在分词形式。也可由and前后连接两个并列的结构这一规律解题，and后meeting interesting locals为分词形式。故空格处填listening。listening23(2019北京卷)nervously _ (face) challenges, i know i will whisper to myself the two simple words “be yourself”.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我知道我将轻声对

51、自己说两个简单的字“做你自己”。分析句式可知，此处是做句子的状语，要用非谓语动词，其逻辑主语是i，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填facing。facing24(2019江苏卷) _ (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.解析：考查非谓语动词。此处是不定式作目的状语。句意：为了享受数字支付的方便，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。故填不定式to enjoy。to enjoy25(2018全国卷)you dont have to run

52、fast or for long _ (see)the benefit.解析：考查不定式作目的状语。句意：你不必跑得太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语。故填to see。to see26(2018全国卷)the government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _ (improve) water quality.解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词连接且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improv

53、e。to improve27(全国卷)the chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. people probably cooked their food in large pots, _ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.解析：第二句中已有谓语cooked，且无其他连词，use与句主语存在主动关系，故填现在分词形式using作方式状语。using28(2019全国i卷)modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employe

54、d only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive _ (perform) consistently over a large area.解析：考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后，常用不定式作原因等状语，句意：跟踪北极熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用，并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵的。故此处用to perform。to perform29(全国卷)when a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the hous

55、e during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.解析：“形容词enough动词不定式”为常用句式。to cool单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1(2020新课标卷)i like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and i thought it must be easy to cook.frying改为fried 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried

56、。2(2020新课标卷)my mom told me how to preparing it.preparing改为prepare 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how不定式”作told的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。3(2020新课标卷)i tell my mom that if were forced eat things, we may become ill.forced 后面加to 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：我告诉我妈妈，如果我们被迫吃东西，我们可能会生病。be forced to do s

57、th被迫做某事，所以forced 后面加to。4(2018全国卷)my grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.sell selling 解析：考查动名词。去年夏天他们通过卖鱼挣了一大笔钱。此处介词by后用动名词，故用selling。5(全国卷)when summer comes, they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!students后加to 解析：invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事。6(2019全国卷)

58、now my dream is to opens a cafe.opens改为 open 解析：考查不定式的用法。不定式作表语，to后用动词原形。故把opens改为open。7(全国卷)in their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, which is on the rooftop of their eresting interested 解析：interesting意为“有趣的”，多指事物； interested意为：“感兴趣的”，多指人。该句的主语是they，

59、故用interested作表语。be interested in意为“对感兴趣”。8(新课标全国)have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 oclock at night.have having 解析：分析句式结构可知句子的主语应为have tea in the late afternoon这部分，动词原形不能作句子的主语，所以应该用动名词形式作主语。9(全国卷)we can choose between staying

60、 at home and take a trip.take taking 解析：此处为between and 结构，连接动名词短语作宾语，故此处也要用动名词形式，与前面保持一致。10(浙江)the position of the classroom with its view made me felt like i was dreaming.felt feel 解析：make后跟复合宾语，当宾补为动词且与宾语之间为逻辑上的主谓关系时，用动词原形。11(2019全国i卷)all the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say