专升本英语语法虚拟语气讲解

1、 英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。 定义：用来表示说定义：用来表示说的话的话不是事实不是事实，或者是，或者是不可能不可能发生的情况，而发生的情况，而是一种是一种愿望，建议，假愿望，建议，假设设的语气叫虚拟语气。的语气叫虚拟语气。条件从句条件从句 if 从句的谓语形式从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去时（过去时（were）would/could/should/might +v.（原）（原）过去过去完成时过去完成时would/could/should/might+have+p.p.未来1.过去时过去时2.should+v.3. were to dowould/

2、could/should/might +v.（原）（原）一：虚拟语气在条件状语一：虚拟语气在条件状语 从句中的用法从句中的用法1.if i had hiv, i would know because i would feel sick.2.if i were you, i would give aids patient a hug.3. if i had taken your advice, i wouldnt have made a mistake.4. if he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.与现在事实相反与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与

3、过去事实相反5.if it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.6.i think we could do it, if we planed it properly and could borrow the tools.7. if we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.与将来事实相反与将来事实相反二：虚拟语气特殊句型： wish 的宾语从句现在：过去：未来：过去时（过去时（were）过去完成时过去完成时would/could/migh

4、t+v. 1.i wish i were a bird.（现在）（现在）2.i wish i hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）（过去）3.we wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）（将来）2. would rather that现在：现在：过去：过去：未来：未来：i would rather you paid me now. i would rather you had gone, too.dont come. i would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时3

5、. as if /though + clause 现在：过去：过去时过去完成时he looks as if he were drunk.they talked as if they had been friends for years.she loves the baby as if it were her own son.it seems that it were spring.i remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.4.its (about/high) time +that -should +v.过去时过去时你该

6、走了。你该走了。我们该去我们该去睡觉了。睡觉了。its high time that you went.its high time that you should go.its time that we went to bed.its time that we should go to bed. 5.表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。宾语从句。常见动词：宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持，两一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose

7、4. demand , require, request, desire从句中的动词从句中的动词 使用使用should + 动词原动词原形，或者将形，或者将should省略。省略。1.我们建议我们建议tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。2.他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场。3.国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。4.他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。1.we suggested that tom have a rest.2.he insisted that i (should )be present.3.the king ordered that th

8、e prisoners be killed the next day.4.they requested that we (should) send them to work there. 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词语也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。形式一样。 order, advice, suggestion, order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, proposal, demand, re

9、quest, desiredesireits suggested that the plan be carried out. (主语从句主语从句)my demand is that she should come to see me once a week.(表语从句表语从句)all of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.(同位语从句同位语从句)6.without和和but for 构成虚拟构成虚拟,but for要不要不是是without sunlight, peoples life

10、would be different from today.but for your help, i wouldnt have finished the work. without your help, i would have failed.but for water, it would be impossible to live in the desert.7. if only 要是就好了要是就好了 if only i knew his name!if only we had followed your advice!if only i could see him again!要是我们的父

11、母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！if only our parents could live with us!if only i hadnt missed the train!8. its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（即（should）+动词原形动词原形it is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.it is str

12、ange that she refuse to come to the party.its necessary that we should study hard.9. 某些简单句的固定句型：某些简单句的固定句型： heaven help him! god bless you! may you succeed! long live the peoples republic of china!三：三： 虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：虚拟语气假设条件句型注意点：1.假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件

13、错综条件虚拟语气虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而顶。假设的时间而顶。if the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.if you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in the hospital.2.假设条件虚拟倒装。假设条件虚拟倒装。 条件从句中有条件从句中有should， were， had三个助动词可以把三个助动词可以把if省略省略，并，并将这三个词提至句首。将这三个词提至句首。if i were you, i would give it up.were i you, i would give it up.if it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the