教研4高考非谓语动词唐登云

1、高考非谓语动词 一、什么是非谓语动词： 非谓语动词就是不能直接做谓语的动词形式，包括doing，to do系列结构和done. I reading a book. I to see you. 2、 针对语法填空和改错中如何判断是否为非谓语。首先讲清“什么是句子”。在汉语中，句号、分号、问号、感叹号都能表示一个句子结束，英语也一样。 如何判断：在一个句子中，如果没有连词存在，只能有一个谓语结构，但是请注意连词在定语从句和宾语从句中的省略情况。例句：Do you know the man the police _？(ask) Do you know the man _ (ask) by the p

2、olice？什么是连词：并列连词：and, or, but, not only.but also, both.and, either.or, neither.nor等从属连词：一切wh-开头的疑问词（除一般的特殊疑问词外），that,whether 以及状语从句连词：when, while, not.until, after, before, as soon as, if, unless, so.that, so that, because, such.that, though/although, where, whenever, whatever, whoever, wherever等。例题

3、练习：1. That was definitely not an attractive idea, so I politely declined her invitation, _(close) my book and walked away.2. We also have to consider the feeling of the person_( receive) the gift.3.With so many people (communicate) in English every day, it will become more important to have a good k

4、nowledge of English.4.Nowadays, almost everyone_(realize) that smoking is harmful to peoples health.真题演练：(16年高考真题） （一） So it was a great honor to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I 62 (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at th

5、e 600-acre center. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador, The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for

6、 pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. （二） If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports but whatever it is, 70 (make ) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another t

7、hing to worry about. 【非谓语的具体用法】非谓语的在句子中的具体用法：1、 做主语：眼见为实：seeing is believing. 爱得太深会使你失去理智。Loving one person too deeply can make you out of mind.To say is easy, but to do is hard. 一般情况下动词短语做主语用v-ing形式，在语法考察中一般不会考察很复杂的形式，用doing即可。 To do也可做主语，但是在实际写作或者语法考察中，考察的是it 做形式主语，to do 做真正主语的结构。 It +be +形容词/名词+(

8、for/of sb) to do sth. 做某事(对于/说明某人）怎么样。 It +take/took+sb.+时间+ to do sth. 做某事花某人多少时间。2、 做宾语（动宾和介宾）1.介词后接动词短语用v-ing形式。注意：This is the best way I can think of _ (helping) him I am afraid of _ (stand) at a high place.注意：1.介词省略的情况：Have trouble/problem/difficulty (in) doing sth.Spend +时间/钱 (in) doing sth.Be

9、 busy (in) doing sth. There is no use (in) doing sth.Have good/hard time (in) doing sth.2. to是介词的情况：(根据考试情况补充)Look forward to doing sthBe/get used to doing sth.Stick to doing sth. 坚持.Pay attention to doing sth. 注意.Devote oneself to doing sth. 致力于Object to doing sth. 反对.2. 在动词后做动词的宾语： 动词_(动词) 短语，在此结构

10、中只能是to do和doing两种形式，当然注意它们的被动结构：being done和to be done.后只能接v-doing的动词有：（适当的删减，除了以下情况，后面接动词的to do结构）考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想避免错过继续练，否定挖成停欣赏禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意弃逃亡。3. 既能加to do又能加doing的动词及短语 Stop to do/doing like/love to do/doing go on to do/doing remember/forget to do/doing, regret to do/doing等。4. It 做形式宾语，to do做真正宾语的情

11、况。 Sb think/find/feel it +形容词+to do sth. 某人认为/觉得做某事怎么样。3、 做宾补1. 感官动词：see, watch, find, notice(看）hear, listen to (听), feel (感觉), smell (闻) 上述动词+sb/sth do(经常性的动作或全过程）/doing (正在进行的动作).2. 使役动词 make, let, have Make/let/have sb/sth do (一般的主动） Make/ have sth./sb doing （一直做某事） Have sth/sb done (让某人或某事被做)3.

12、常见的see, hear, make用于被动语态中用to do 结构。例题：I saw a dog _ (chase) Jack when I passed by. A dog was seen_ (chase) Jack last night.4. 其他动词后+宾语+宾补 用to do 即动词+sb/sth to do sth.例：I asked Jimmy to look for my pet pig.4、 做定语 分词做定语分前置和后置，分词做前置定语只有单个的doing和done，doing主要表示主动或正在进行，done表示被动或完成。 A developing/developed

13、country boiling water boiled water等 后置定语：动词或动词短语在名词后起修饰作用，可翻译成“.的”，主要是doing, being done, to do, to be done, done五种结构放在被修饰名词的后面。我有些事要去做。 I have something to do.带绿帽子的那个男人是小明。The man wearing a green hat is Xiaoming.练习：1. There will be a meeting _(start) later this year to review the film.2. Year ago I

14、gave a speech_ (call)“Powerful Phrases for Positive People.” 3. Amstaron was the first man _ (get) into the space. 注意：当后置定语修饰的名词前有序数词、最高级、the last/only/same修饰时，只能使用to do做后置定语。 5、 做状语 分词做状语，一般会与主句用逗号隔开，是由状语从句简化而来，状语部分没有主语(但有可能有连词存在)是因为状语部分的主语和主句的主语一致，在转化为非谓语做状语是省略主语。 To do用于表目的， doing表主动和进行，being don

15、e表进行的被动，having done表完成的主动，having been done表完成的被动，done表过去和现在的被动。(关于做状语中的陷阱题或者易错题希望各位教师自己多做题总结整理）课堂练习：1.That was definitely not an attractive idea, so I politely declined her invitation, _(close) my book and walked away.2._ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and easier.3.No police wa

16、s there, but I sat, _ (wait) the light to change.4.After I realized what had happened just now, I stood still, _ (fright)5. _ (move) by her sincere actions, I accepted her as my wife in the end. 分词做状语在写作中的运用：(由状语从句转化为分词做状语)6、 独立主格结构 独立主格结构也是由状语从句转化而来，一般也是与主句隔开，并且常有(with/without)放在独立主格结构前。满足独立主格结构的条件

17、：1.句子没有连词 2.独立主格结构部分有自己的主语 (关于独立主格中的陷阱题或者易错题希望各位教师自己多做题总结整理）第一步：区分是否为非谓语动词一个句子中只有一个谓语动词其它动词则都为非谓语动词如果为谓语动词则有时态和语态的限制区分并列复合句和主从复合句然后再用正确的非谓语动词形式第二步：介绍非谓语动词可以在句子中的成分主-宾-表-定-状状语，开头打逗号，中间双逗号，结尾可有可无逗号定状语成分都是可有可无的东西myhobbyistodraw.myfavoriteactivityisclimbing.第三步：列举出非谓语动词的句子。要学生指出非谓语动词在句子分别做哪个成分1.主：to do

18、(被动 to be done); doing(被动 being done)It is my hobby to learn English.To learn English is my hobby.(to do这种可以倒着说,但doing 不可)以下三种情况时特例：只用doing1) It is no good use doing sth.2) There is no +名词（possibility ,point等）doing sth.3) Have difficultiesproblemstroublefun doing sth.2. 宾：做宾语要记的东西非常多，固定搭配和使用(及物动词，介词

19、和形容词后面可加宾语)I am sorry to arrive school late.I am interested in watching movies.I decided to buy a new house.非谓语动词能做宾语的形式： 介词+doing 形容词+to do及物动词：to do(之后-被动 to be done ) to be doing （同时） to have done（之前） Doing(之后和同时-被动being done)having done(之前-被动having been done ) To doSb. is saidreported considered

20、+ to do, b. doing 总结：非谓语动词做宾语，关键是先看所需要的宾语形式，然后再去判定时态和主被动。3.表：4.定：主动 have sth. To doEnglish is easy(for me) to learn.There is a lot of work(for me) to do.Mr brown has a comfortable house to live in.形容词后面只用to do ,主动被动就在形容词后面加 for sb. 去检验。解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后3. 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示

21、被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.The question _ (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance.The question _ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.5.状：能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。1).

22、When _(heat) water will be changed into vapour. While _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour. 2) _(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beautiful. 3) Generally speaking, when _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect

23、. If _(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon.分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。 1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated

24、 him kindly. 现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别 1). European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in the world . (NMET 1998) A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 2). He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left . (2005广东) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 现在分词作结

25、果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果 独立主格结构的用法 一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词；过去分词；形容词

26、；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词例句：The storm drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a dayThe storm drawing near在句中作： 原因状语Since the storm was drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。（call it a day 今天到此为止） 例句：Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. Winter coming在句中作：伴随状语

27、= The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。 Time permitting, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语=改写：If time permits, I will go with you.造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。 The girl staring at him, he didnt know what to say. 独立主格作：时间状语=改写：As the girl stared at him, he didnt know wha

28、t to say.2. 名词(代词)+过去分词 例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。例句：The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 会议结束后，每个人都想早点回家。造句：工作完成后，他回家了。The work done, he went back home.= When the work was done, he went back home. 3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名

29、词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。例句：The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。例句：Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our school will look even more beautiful.种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。造

30、句：还有很多作业要做，我不能和你走。A lot of home work to do, I cant go with you.4. 名词(代词)+形容词Computers very small, we can use them widely.电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。he stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open.5. 名词(代词)+副词The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。造句：The l

31、ights off, we could not go on with the work.6. 名词(代词)+名词His first shot failure，he fired again他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children.两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。7. 名词(代词) +介词短语The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。三、with，without 引导的独立主格结构with ( without

32、)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。（without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式）Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式）The kid feels excited with so many place

33、s of interest to visit.有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。（with+名词/代词+动词不定式）The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前，小孩在后走着。（with+名词/代词+副词）He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand.他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。（with+名词/代词+介词短语）With his son so disappointing, the old man felt u

34、nhappy.由于儿子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快乐。（with+名词/代词+形容词）在with (without) 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。造句：老师走进教室，胳膊下面夹了一本书。The teacher walked into the classroom, with a book under his arm.造句：老师坐在椅子上，周围一群学生围着他。The teacher is sitting in the chair, with a group of students around him造句：工作完成了，他回家了。With the work

35、done, he went back home.造句：由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。With the boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.四、独立主格结构的句法功能独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等，还可以作定语。1. 作时间状语 My shoes removed，I entered a low-ceilinged room，treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting我脱掉鞋子后，走进一间屋顶很低的房间，小心翼

36、翼地踩在柔软的塌塌米垫子上。 The governor pondering the matter，more strikers gathered across his path总督思考问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集在他要通过的路上。2. 作条件状语 Weather permitting，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。 Such being the case，you have no grounds for dismissing him如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解聘他。3. 作原因状语 Th

37、e boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。 There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.没有别的事可讨论，我们都回家了。4. 作伴随状语或补充说明 I took my ticket，and marched proudly up the platform，with my cheeses，the people falling back respectfully on either side我拿着车票还有我的奶酪，雄