高三英语大一轮复习课件语法专题《专题9形容词和副词》

1、语法专题专题九栏目索引h形容词和副词的考童要点语法与写作语法填空形容词和副词的考查要点1形容词和副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放 在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词、 其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句 子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记:(1) 形容词短语作定语，定语后置。a task difficult to Hnishman alive o有些表身体健康状(2) 表语形容词(afraid, alike, alone, asleep, awake, alive 等)作定语，定语后置。如a况的形容词如well, faint, i

2、ll只作表语。sick既可作表语又 可作定语，ill如作定语意为bad” o用作定语，修饰由不定代词one, no, any, some和every 构成的复合词如anything, something等时，通常后置。I have something important to tell you(4) else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。(5) enough修饰名词前置或后置，修饰形容词、动词或副词时,必须后置。(6) 几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式一地点一时间。We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.频度副词

3、如often, always, usually等在be动词后，行为 动词前。(8)副词作定语，定语后置。The person there is waiting for you.(9)几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定词(包括冠词、所有格、人称代词、指示代词、数词等)+观点词(品质、状态，即表示好、坏、美、丑等的词)+形状或样式词 +大小、长短或高低词+年龄或新旧词+颜色词+产地或来 源词+材料或种类词+用途词+名词。a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。 下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively, lon

4、ely , lovely , deadly , friendly , ugly , silly , likely , brotherly, timely等 o 表原意（无ly）和引申意（有ly）的副词：deep 深deeply深入地wide宽广widely广泛地high 高highly高度地low位置低lowly地位卑微有无ly意义大不相同的副词：dead完全，绝对 be dead asleepdeadly非常 be deadly tiredr pretty相当 be pretty certain that prettily漂亮地 be prettily dressed dose近 Don t

5、 sit close.closely密切地 Watch closely! late 晚, 迟 arrive late, come latelately最近l=JI haven t seen him lately(recently).题组训练1选词填空issharpoccasionally厂 thankfullyoptioiialjpaTticulaF, besides, transparent, permanent, steady, quitel.It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but itanother to play it

6、 well yourself.2.The old engineer s eyes still shone bright in the wrinkled quite&j&brown face and his step as he came across the room was, though slow.steady3An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on athey areperson s character ； however ,4The state-run company is required to make its

7、accounts as transDarent as possible for its staff to monitor the use of mney*Besides5The house was too expensive and too big., I dgrown fond of our little rented house.6She has already tried her best.Please don about herjob.7.1n that school, English is compulsory for all students,but French and Russ

8、ian are C1ptjonai *8., I managed to get through the game and theThankfullypain was worth it in the end.for the last two9.1，ve been writing this report weeks, but it has to be handed i财骡脚皆lO.Nowadays, there is acreativity, for they are greatly encouraged to develop theirincrease in children stalents.

9、sharp2 形容词和副词的比较等级(1) 原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用 “as +原级形容词/副词+貂”的结构；表示双方不相等时, 用“not so(as) +原级形容词/副词+站”的结构；表示一方是 另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+ as +原级形容词/副词+ W 的结构。Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so(as) high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you.This

10、room is three times as large as that one.(2) 比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的 特殊形容词和副词。(3) 比较级的用法。 表示一方超过另一方时，用比较级+than”的结构表示。This picture is more beautiful than that one. 表示一方不及另一方时，用“less +原级+ than”的结构表示。This room is less beautiful than that one. 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程 度的状语，如even, a lot,

11、a bit, a little, still, much, far, yet, by far等修饰。He works even harder than before.注意：(A)英语的比较级前如无even, still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或些”或不译出,般不可用“更”。She is better than she was yesterday.Please come earlier tomorrow.(B)by far常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。He is taller by far than his brother.H

12、e is by far the taller of the two brothers. 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the+比较级（主 语+谓语），the+比较级（主语+谓语）”的结构（意为“越越” ）oThe harder he works, the happier he feels. 不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较 级+and+比较级”的结构。The weather is getting colder and colder. 某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时，用代替than。这些词有inferior（劣等的，次的），superior（较好的，优）,junior

13、（资历较浅的）,senior（资格较老的）,prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mn Zhang in chemistry.在比较从句中为了避免重复，我们通常用that(those),one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物，one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词，而one只 能代替可数名词。The book on the table is more interesting than that（或the one） on the desk.A box made of steel is stronger than one made of w

14、ood.倍数表达法。(A) A is three (four, etc.) times the size (height, length, etc.)of BThe new building is four times the size (the height) of the old one.(B) A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.(C) A is three (four , etc.)times bigger(higher, long

15、er , etc.)than B.Your school is three times bigger than ours.用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double。(4) 最高级的用法。 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the+最高级” 的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the) hardest in his class.by far, nearly, almost,by no means,not quite, not really, noth

16、ing like等词语所修饰。This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not really/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest. 表示最高程度”的形容词，如excellent, extreme, perfect等，没有最高级，也不能用比较级。 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被 修饰的词往往省略。He is the tallest (boy) in his class. 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词OOf all the boys he came (the) earliest.

17、否定词+比较级=最高级He has never spent a more worrying day.(5) 形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。IzJ 形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。 形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较， 表示“非常”。He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting, (most=very) 表示两者间“较的一个”，比较级前加the。Who is the older of the two boys? 在“the+比较级，the+比较级”

18、结构中。The more, the better.(6) 由as组成的形容词或副词短语。 as much as+不可数名词 数量多达Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week. as many as+可数名词 数量多达I have as many as sixteen reference books. as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island

19、. as far as远到；就而知（论）We might go as far as（走到）the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before. m町（might, could） as well不妨，不如Then you might as well stay with us here. asas one can尽某人所能的They are as unreliable as they can be.He began to run, as fast as he could.as.as possible 尽可能的Jus

20、t get them to Hnish up as quickly as possible.题组训练21. The longer you stay （你呆的时间越长）,the better it will be.（变2.The new city is（比亚洲得越来越美丽了） becoming more and more beautiful3. China is4. The taller of the two boys （这两个男孩中较高的那个） is my brother.5. The road is five times as long as that one（同义句改写）The road

21、is five timesof that one.The road is four times the ln酣hn that one.longer3 几组重要的词语辨析(1) very和much的区别。 可分等级的形容词和副词前使用very不用much。 表示状态的过去分词前用veryo如a very frightened boy,a very tired child, a very complicated problemo 一般情况下, 以-ing,结尾的分词多用much, very much/greatly等修饰。 We were greatly shocked by the news a

22、bout Tom.I was much amused by Jack s attitude. 已转化为形容词的现在分词前用very。如：very interesting/worrying/exciting。 too 前用 much, a lot 或 far,不用 very。如：You are much/far/a lot too nice.另夕卜，在 too many/much , too few/little 前用 far。There t far too little opportunity for adventure these days. We5ve got far too many e

23、ggs and far too few egg cups. 关于原级形容词要记住下列固定的修饰结构：仗）修饰绝对 意义的形容词，一般不用very,而用quite, completely, well, entirelyo 女口： quite wrong（mistaken, sure）, completely dead, quite impossible, quite perfect等。（b）修饰以a开头的形容词,多有特殊的修饰词：quite alone, very much alone, wide awake, fast asleep, very much afraid o (c)修饰一些特殊形

24、容 词的修饰语有：be well worth, much the same, freezing cold, quite different, terribly cold/frighteningo(2)so.that 与 such.that 的 区别。so+形容词/副词+ thatso+形容词+a(n)+可数名词单数+that.so+many/few+复数名词+that.so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+that. such+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数+that. such+形容词+不可数名词+that.such+形容词+复数名词+that.注意：下列结构中只能用SO不可用su

25、ch,当名词前有many, much, little, few等表示多、少的词修饰时，如so much progress, so many people, so little food, so few apples等。但当little表示小时用such。如：These are such little boys that they can，t dress themselves.下列so的用 法是错误的：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather o(3) 其他几组词的辨析。ago, before: ago表示以现在为

26、起点的以前” ；before 指以过去或将来的某时刻为起点的“以前”。泛指“以前” 用before而不用ago。 already, yet, still: already表示某事已经发生；yet表示 期待某事发生；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句。 too, also, either: too和also用于肯定句,too多用于口 语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。good, well：与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系 动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。quick, fast：作形容词皆表示“快”。fas侈指运动的物体，含持续的意思。qu

27、ick多指一次动作的敏捷、突然，而 且持续的时间较短。real, true：作形容词皆表示“真的”。real强调真实存 在的而不是幻想的，在句中常作定语；tme指与事实标准和 实际情况相符合，在句中作表语或定语。hard, difficult：均表示“困难”，但hard通常指 体力上困难；difficult则指智力或技能上的困难，困 难程度大于hard。它们都可作定语和表语。语法与写作 根据提示翻译下面的句子1同时，我将会把帮助我们的环境干净、有益健康作为我的职责。(meanwhile)(2013 安徽书面表达)Meanwhile, I will regard it as my duty to

28、 help keepour environment clean and healthy.4首先，我把散落在房间里的书籍、报纸和其他东西整理好,放到合适的地方。(firstly)(2013陕西书面表达)Firstly I collected all the books, newspapers and otherolace.,(besides)(2013 四川书面表达)Besides, the timetable should be updated according to the progress of our study from time to time.语法填空Help is one of the easiest things to get from peoplebut forsome, one of the hardest to ask for.Are you able to ask forthe help you need 1.i ieaAmerican author (e