英语中各句子成分划分

1、英语句子成分英语句子成分主语主语(subject)谓语谓语(predicate)宾语宾语(object)表语表语(predicative)宾语补足语宾语补足语(宾补宾补object complement)定语定语(attributive)状语状语(adverbial)主语补足语主语补足语(主补主补subject complement)句子成分句子成分1. 1. 主语谓语主语谓语 (sv)(sv)2. 2. 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语 (svo)(svo)3. 3. 主语连系动词表语主语连系动词表语 (svc)(svc)4. 4. 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语 (svoo)(s

2、voo)5. 5. 主语谓语主语谓语( (及物动词及物动词) )宾语宾补宾语宾补 (svoc)(svoc)简单句的基本句型简单句的基本句型1. 主语主语 谓语谓语 (sv)本结构是由本结构是由“主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词(词组词组)”构构成成, 常用来表示主语的动作。如，常用来表示主语的动作。如，she came.my head aches.the sun rises.该句型的主语可有修饰语该句型的主语可有修饰语-定语，如，定语，如，the red sun rises.谓语可有修饰语谓语可有修饰语-状语，如，状语，如，the red sun rises in the east.此句型的句子

3、有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句句等。等。2. 主语主语 谓语谓语 宾语宾语 (svo)此结构是由此结构是由“主语主语+及物动词及物动词(词组词组) + 宾语宾语”构成。宾构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、词组、the +形容词、分词以及从句等。如，形容词、分词以及从句等。如，1. who knows the answer? 2.

4、 he has refused to help them. 3. he enjoys reading. 4. he said good morning. 5. he admits that he was mistaken. 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。3. 主语主语 连系动词连系动词 表语表语 (svp)本结构

5、主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，本结构主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。连系动词有：身份等。连系动词有：（1）表示特征和存在状态的）表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound等；等；（2）表示状态延续的）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand等；等；（3）表示状态变化的）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow等。等。she is happy. he fell off his bike and

6、 got hurt. his advice proved (to be) right. 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。这类动词叫做连系动词。4. 主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语(svoo)常跟双宾语的及物动词有：常跟双宾语的及物动词有：(需借助需借助to的的) bring, give, lend, hand, o

7、ffer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, 等；等；(需借助需借助for 的的) buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare,等。等。he sent me an english-chinese dictionary. = he sent an english-chinese dictionary to me.she gave john a book= she bought a book for me. he

8、 showed me how to run the machine. 5. 主语谓语主语谓语(及物动词及物动词)宾语宾补宾语宾补 (svoc)此结构中的宾语与宾语补足语之间存在有内在逻辑上此结构中的宾语与宾语补足语之间存在有内在逻辑上的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以的主谓关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式，用做宾补的有名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。分词等。she makes her mother angry.the teacher asked me to read the passage. 此句型的句子的共同特点是

9、：动词虽然是及物动词，但此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，分词，以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，不定式，分词，介词短语等。介词短语等。arrange these words to make sentencesv1. was/old/dying/man/thevthe old m

10、an was dying.v2.taught/new words/the students/the lecturer/many/tovthe lecturer taught many new words to the studentsv3.damage/your hair/some hairbrushes/mayvsome hairbrushes may damage your hair.v4.me/a/haircut/the barber/ gave/shortvthe barber gave me a short haircut.v5.the shop/$100/paid/the cust

11、omervthe customer paid the shop $100v6. interesting and expansive/in the city/can be/both/lifevlife in the city can be both interesting and expansivev7.it/make/your hair/too often/dry/may/shampooingvshampooing your hair too often may make it dry.v8.myself/unlucky/thought/veryvi thought myself very u

12、nlucky.v9.the tired student/in the afternoon/a nap/tookvthe tired student took a nap in the afternoon.v10. his car/to beijing/drove his car to beijing.vthe salesman drove his car to beijing.主语主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。句子说明的人或事物。the sun rises in the east. (名词名词) he likes dancing. (代词代词)twenty years is a

13、 short time in history. (数词数词)seeing is believing. (动名词动名词) to see is to believe. (不定式不定式)what he needs is a book. (主语从句主语从句)it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (it形式主语，主语从句是真正主语形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)句子成分句子成分谓语谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征说明主语的动作、状态和特征英语中只有英语中只有动词动词才能作谓语。才能作谓语。

14、we study english. he is asleep. 宾语：宾语：1）动作的承受者）动作的承受者-动宾动宾i like china. (名词名词)he hates you. (代词代词)how many do you need? we need two. (数词数词)we should help the old and the poor. i enjoy working with you. (动名词动名词)i hope to see you again. (不定式不定式) did you write down what he said? (宾语从句宾语从句) 2） 介词后的名词、代词

15、和动名词介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾介宾are you afraid of the snake? under the snow, there are many rocks.3） 双宾语双宾语-间宾间宾(指人指人)和直宾和直宾(指物指物)he gave me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。miss yang is a chemistry teacher. (名词名词) he is our friend. (代词代词)we belong to

16、the third world. (数词数词) he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词形容词)the man over there is my old friend.(副词副词) the woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词介词)the boys playing football are in class 2. (分词分词)the trees planted last year are growing well now.(分词分词) i have an idea to do

17、it well. (不定式不定式)you should do everything that i do. (定语从句定语从句)状语：用来修饰状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。句子。 表示时间、表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。步和伴随。 i will go there tomorrow. the meeting will be held in the meeting room.the meat went bad because of the hot weatherhe studies hard t

18、o learn english well.he didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.i like some of you very much. if you study hard, you will pass the exam.he goes to school by bike. though he is young, he can do it well. the teacher came in, with a book in his hand.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。we elected him monitor. (名词名词)we all think it a pity that she didnt come here. we will make them happy. (形容词形容词)we found nobody in. ( 副词副词 )please make yourself at home. (介词短语介词短语) dont let him do that. (省省to不定式不定式)his father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带带to不定式不定式)dont keep t