Unit-4-A-View-of-Mountains-Teaching-plan综合教程四(共7页)

1、UNIT 4 A VIEW OF MOUNTAINSTeaching Objectives1) Master the following key words and expressions: dispatch, constitute, in existence, technically speaking, brand with, for good, in a flash, come into its own, hang over, spare, not so much A as B, intact, once and for all.2) Master the use of historic

2、present tense and comparative forms of adjectives. 3) Analyze the structure and rhetorical features of the text and get the message of the text.4) Be able to talk about nuclear threat and keeping world peace.Warm-up ActivitiesDiscuss the following questions as the lead-in to the text.1) What do you

3、think is the greatest threat to the existence of mankind?2) Why are we so concerned about nuclear weapons?Cultural Background 1. Atomic BombAtomic bomb or A-bomb is a weapon deriving its explosive force from the release of atomic energy through the fission (splitting) of heavy nuclei. The first atom

4、ic bomb was produced at a laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, and successfully tested on July 16, 1945. This was the culmination of a large U.S. army program that was part of the Manhattan Project. It began in 1940, two years after the German scientists Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassman discovered nuc

5、lear fission. On Aug. 6, 1945, an atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima with an estimated equivalent explosive force of 12,500 tons of TNT, followed three days later by a second, more powerful, bomb on Nagasaki. Both bombs caused widespread death, injury, and destruction, and there is still considera

6、ble debate about the need to have used them.2. Nuclear WeaponNuclear weapons are weapons of mass destruction powered by atomic, rather than chemical, processes. Nuclear weapons produce large explosions and hazardous radioactive byproducts by means of either nuclear fission or nuclear fusion. After W

7、orld War II, the proliferation of nuclear weapons became an increasing cause of concern throughout the world. At the end of the 20th century the vast majority of such weapons were held by the United States and the former Soviet Union; other countries that possess known nuclear capabilities are the G

8、reat Britain, France, China, Pakistan, and India. Israel also has nuclear weapons but has not confirmed that fact publicly; North Korea has conducted a nuclear test explosion but probably does not have a readily deliverable nuclear weapon; and South Africa formerly had a small arsenal. Over a dozen

9、other countries can, or soon could, make nuclear weapons. 3. The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki On August 6, 1945, the first atomic bomb attack occurred over Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later, on August 9, Nagasaki, Japan was bombed. The bombing of Nagasaki was the last major act of World War II

10、 and within days, on August 15, 1945, the Japanese surrendered. In estimating the death toll from the attacks, there are several factors that make it difficult to arrive at reliable figures: inadequacies in the records given the confusion of the times, the many victims who died months or years after

11、 the bombing as a result of radiation exposure, and not least, the pressure to either exaggerate or minimize the numbers, depending upon political agenda. That said, it is estimated that by December 1945, as many as 140,000 had died in Hiroshima by the bomb and its associated effects. In Nagasaki, r

12、oughly 74,000 people died of the bomb and its aftereffects.In both cities, most of the casualties were civilians. The intentional killing of civilians by the Allies of World War II who claimed that their cause was justraised moral questions about the just course of the war.Text IA VIEW OF MOUNTAINSJ

13、onathan SchellGlobal ReadingI. General analysis of the textThrough introducing Yamahatas pictures, the author aims at bringing to peoples attention what kind of catastrophic consequences nuclear threat may lead to and that the unpredictability of nuclear attack might make any city in the world becom

14、e the next target. Therefore, the only way to keep this world safe from nuclear peril is for people to take action to dispel nuclear weaponry from the earth.II. Structural analysis of the textThis argumentative essay describes nuclear destruction through a Japanese photographers pictures. The text c

15、omprises three parts. Part I (Paragraph 1): the writer describes the photographs and how a view of mountains in the background of one picture powerfully captures how thoroughly the city was destroyed by the atomic bomb. Part II (Paragraphs 2 3): the author argues that the bombing of Nagasaki is more

16、 representative of the nuclear peril threatening the world than that of Hiroshima, because it suggests that nuclear weapons can be used again and threaten everyone, so we need to take action to dispel the nuclear threat from the Earth. Part III (Paragraph 4): he restates his main idea, i.e. we shoul

17、d not just worry about the nuclear peril but take action to eliminate it to create a safer world.III. Rhetorical features of the textIn English, information can be organized in various ways. One of the effective ways of emphasizing some information is to put it after the word but in the “(not) A but

18、 B” structure. In the text, the author uses this rhetorical device many times. For instance, The photographs display the fate of a single city, but their meaning is universal . (Paragraph 2)Detailed ReadingQuestions1. Why is a view of mountains provided by a picture so significant that it was chosen

19、 as the title of the essay? (Paragraph 1)Answer: A view of mountains in the distance rather than the wreckage is meant to remind the viewer of the city that was leveled to the ground by the atomic bomb and of the normal life that would have been going on there. This is where the significance of the

20、picture lies.2. Why are Yamahatas pictures still news? (Paragraph 2)Answer: Because it was the first time that Americans had ever seen the pictures since the atomic bombing fifty years ago.3. In what way(s) is the bombing of Nagasaki the fitter symbol of the nuclear danger? (Paragraph 2)Answer: The

21、bombing of Nagasaki is regarded as the fitter symbol of the nuclear peril in two respects. First, it is evidence that nuclear weapons can be used again to destroy human civilization. Second, the fact that Nagasaki had not been the originally chosen target of the nuclear attack shows the unpredictabi

22、lity of possible nuclear attacks in the future. That is, every city in the world is liable to nuclear destruction.4. What is the universal meaning of Yamahatas photos? (Paragraph 3)Answer: They were intended to demonstrate the devastating power of nuclear weapons and express an apprehension of the n

23、uclear peril menacing the world.5. Do Yamahatas pictures fully express the authors intention of writing? Why or why not? (Paragraph 3)Answer: No, it only expresses part of it, because the writer intends not only to express his apprehension of the nuclear threat but, more importantly, to call on the

24、people to take actions to banish forever nuclear weaponry from the Earth.Text IISTATEMENT AT THE 2003 SESSION OF THE UNITED NATIONS DISARMAMENT COMMISSIONHu XiaodiLead-in questions1) What kind of role does China play in the United Nations?Key: The PRC gained admission into the UN in 1971. Over the p

25、ast thirty years, China has become an active participant in UN peacekeeping, which will benefit the international community.2) What principles does China hold in its foreign policy? Key: China adheres to an independent foreign policy as well as to the five principles of mutual respect for sovereignt

26、y and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each others internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence in developing diplomatic relations and economic and cultural exchanges with other countries.Main IdeaAdditional notes 1. The United Nations Disa

27、rmament Commission (UNDC) is a deliberative body and a subsidiary organ of the UN General Assembly, which is mandated to consider and make recommendations on various disarmament-related issues and to follow up the relevant decisions and recommendations of the special sessions devoted to disarmament

28、held so far. The Disarmament Commission was re-established at the first Special Session of the General Assembly devoted to Disarmament in 1978 to succeed an earlier Disarmament Commission, which ceased to convene after 1965. It consists of all Member States and holds its substantive yearly sessions

29、in New York. Since 1978, the Disarmament Commission has dealt with numerous disarmament-related questions, both nuclear and conventional, and has submitted guidelines and principles on various subject items, including guidelines for appropriate types of confidence-building measures, guidelines and r

30、ecommendations for regional approaches to disarmament within the context of global security, and guidelines and recommendations for objective information on military matters.2. Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (Paragraph 16): This Treaty bans all nuclear explosions in all environments, for mili

31、tary or civilian purposes. It opened for signature in New York on September 24, 1996, when it was signed by 71 States, including five of the eight then nuclear-capable states. As of May 2010, 153 states have ratified the treaty and another 29 states have signed but not ratified it.3. Conference on D

32、isarmament (Paragraph 17): The Conference on Disarmament (CD), established in 1979 as the single multilateral disarmament negotiating forum of the international community, was a result of the first Special Session on Disarmament of the United Nations General Assembly held in 1978. It succeeded other

33、 Geneva-based negotiating fora, which include the Ten-Nation Committee on Disarmament (1960), the Eighteen-Nation Committee on Disarmament (196268), and the Conference of the Committee on Disarmament (196978).Questions for discussion1. Why is the world situation uncertain and unpredictable?2. How ma

34、ny measures does the speaker propose for advancing nuclear disarmament? Repeat two or three of these points.3. What does the speaker suggest the nuclear-weapon States should do for nuclear disarmament? Why is it so important? 4. What did you learn about confidence-building measures (CBMs)? 5. What d

35、id China do concerning CBMs, according to the speaker? 6. Why is the multilateral approach necessary to nuclear disarmament?Key to questions for discussion1. It is uncertain and unpredictable because military confrontation caused by disputes over territory, resources, religion and interest continues

36、 and non-traditional security threats characterized by terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction have become more salient. 2. The speaker proposes several measures for nuclear disarmament. Refer to Paragraphs 5-14.3. It is suggested that nuclear-weapon States should reduce their res

37、pective nuclear arsenals drastically and in a legally binding form, and destroy the nuclear weapons reduced. They should not use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon States or nuclear-weapon-free zones at any time or under any circumstances. Besides, if they have deployed nu

38、clear weapon abroad, they should withdraw them back to their own territories.4. While disarmament measures are necessary to restrict nuclear weapons, concrete and practical confidence-building measures (CBMs) need to be established in the field of conventional arms. CBMs aim to lessen anxiety and su

39、spicion by making the parties behavior more predictable. CBMs are agreements between two or more parties regarding exchanges of information and verification, typically with respect to the use of military forces and armaments. Some measures attempt to make military capabilities more transparent and c

40、larify the intention of military and political activities. Others establish rules regarding the movement of military forces, as well as mechanisms for verifying compliance with such rules. Such agreements are meant to build trust among the conflicting parties and limit escalation.5. In 1996 and 1997

41、, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and China signed the Agreement on Confidence Building in the Military Field in Border Areas and the Agreement on Mutual Reduction of Military Forces in the Border Areas. On 15 July 2001, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and China sig

42、ned the Declaration of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and declared the founding of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The six countries decided to cooperate extensively in the security, political, anti-terrorist, economic, cultural and technological field, enhance mutual trust and good-ne

43、ighborliness and maintain regional peace and stability. On 4 Nov. 2002, China and ASEAN countries signed the Declaration on Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, committing themselves to exploring possible means to build confidence on the basis of equality and mutual respect. 6. The multilatera

44、l approach is necessary because more than one country possesses nuclear weapons and these weapons cannot be reduced and destroyed without willing cooperation between the nuclear states, especially nuclear powers like the United States. Memorable quotesThere was never a good war or a bad peace. Benja

45、min Franklin There is no trust more sacred than the one the world holds with children. There is no duty more important than ensuring that their rights are respected, that their welfare is protected, that their lives are free from fear and want and that they grow up in peace. Kofi AnnanAbout Benjamin

46、 Franklin and Kofi AnnanBenjamin Franklin (17061790) is considered to be one of the greatest American minds and a proud pillar of American heritage. He was one of the leading founding fathers of the United States of America. He was a member of the committee that drafted the Declaration of Independen

47、ce and was one of its signatories. He also signed the Constitution of the United States, and served as the new nations ablest diplomat. Moreover, he was also unequaled in America as an inventor until Thomas Edison. He invented the Franklin stove, bifocal eyeglasses and the lightning rod. Kofi Annan

48、(1938 ), the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, served from 1997 to 2006 and was the first to emerge from the ranks of United Nations staff. One of Mr. Annans main priorities as Secretary-General was a comprehensive programme of reform aimed at revitalizing the United Nations and making the international system more effective. He was a constant advocate for human rights, the rule of law, the Millennium Development Goa