公司战略与风险管理常用英语词汇

1、 公司战略与风险管理常用英语词汇1.macro environment 宏观经济环境2.porters diamond model 波特的钻石模型（研究国家竞争力）3.porters five forces analysis 波特的五力模型4.industry 行业5.sector 部门，领域6.convergence 集中，趋同7.swot swot模型8.opportunity 机会9.threat 威胁10.strength 优势11.weakness 劣势petitor 竞争者13.product life cycle 产品生命周期14.strategic group 战略组群15.s

2、egmentation 细分16.demand condition （also called diamond condition） 需求条件，又称钻石条件17.factor conditions 有利因素状况18.related and supporting industries 相关和支持性行业的存在19.firm strategy, structure and competitive rivalry within an industry 企业战略、结构和同业竞争20.threat of new entrants 新进入者的威胁21.barrier to entry 进入壁垒22.power

3、 of supplier 供应商力量23.customer 客户petitive rivalry between existing firms 现存企业间的竞争对手25.substitute product 替代产品26.value chain 价值链27.support or secondary value activities 辅助活动28.primary value activities 基本活动29.firm infrastructure 企业基础设施建设30.human resource management 人力资源管理31.technology development 技术开发3

4、2.procurement 采购33.inbound logistics 进货后勤34.operations 生产经营35.outbound logistics 发货后勤36.marketing and sales 市场营销37.service 服务38.margin 利润39.improved performance and added value 提升业绩和增加价值40.improved understanding of environmental pressure 更加深刻理解周边环境压力41.improved competitive position 提升竞争力42.a creativ

5、e process of change 创造性的变化过程43.a target to motivate and improve operations 促进和改进营运的目标44.increased rate of organizational learning 提升组织学习程度45.functional structure 职能结构46.divisional structure （product division， geographical division）事业部结构（产品事业部、地区事业部）47.sbu （strategic business unit） 战略业务单元48.matrix or

6、ganization 矩阵组织49.co-ordinated decisions and better management control, therefore less sub-optimizing （协调决策和管理控制，减少次优决策）50.conformity with overall objectives goal congruence is more likely to be achieved（有助于整体目标的一致性）51.standardization （标准化）52.balance between functions, divisions, etc （在职能、事业部之间取得平衡）

7、53.economy of scale （规模经济）54.top managers become better decision makers （高级管理层成为更好的决策者）55.speedier central decisions may be made in a crisis delegation can be time-consuming. 面临危机可以较快地集中决策以便应对（分权则会浪费时间）56.those of lower rank experience reduce job satisfaction. （底层员工缺乏工作满意度）57.senior management do no

8、t possess sufficient knowledge of all organizational activities. 高级管理层不能充分的知悉组织行为58.centralization places stress and responsibility onto senior management.（集权制使高层领导承担较大压力和责任）59.subordinates experience restricted opportunity for career development toward senior management positions. （下属员工向上发展的职业机会有限）

9、60.decisions often take considerable time. （决策往往花费较多之间）61.strategic apex 战略顶点62.techno structure 技术结构63.operating core 作业核心64.middle line 中间层65.support staff 支持性人员66.ideology 思想体系、意识形态67.risk acceptance 风险接受68.risk avoidance 风险规避69.risk mitigation 风险缓释70.risk transfer 风险转移71. operational risk 操作风险72

10、.political risk 政治风险73.country risk 国家风险74.project risk 项目风险75.legal/compliance risk 法律/合规风险76. commodity risk 产品风险77.market risk （foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk） 市场风险（汇率风险、利率风险）78.liquidity risk 流动性风险79.credit risk 信用风险80.strategic risk 战略风险81.reputation risk 声誉风险82.risk appetite 风险偏好83.risk attitude 风险态度84.risk tolerance 风险容限85.financial instrument 金融工具86.derivatives 衍生品87.hedging 对冲/套期88.netting 净额89.forward contract 远期合约90.swap 掉期/互换91.options 期权92.call options 看涨期权93.put options 看跌期权94.futures 期货95.exercise price 行权价格96.elapse 失效、逾期97.expire 到期98.matu