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1、被动语态1 .被动语态基本规则1.1. 先看一个例子主动旬: we ask him to sing an english song.被动旬: he is asked to sing an english song by us.1.2. 英语和中文一样,都有主动和被动的表达方式,主动和被动表达的含义和重点有所不同。当 不知道动作的执行者、没有必要指出动作的执行者、需要强调或突出动作的承受者都可用被 动语态。如: 这块手表是中国制造的。this watch is made in china. 每年都应该种更多的树。 more trees should be planted every year.
2、世界上越来越多的人学说汉语。chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 许多房屋被洪水冲走了。many houses were washed away by the flood.1.3. 在主谓宾句子结构中(成为被动语句的条件),原来的动作承受者由宾语变为主语。根据英语 规则,人称代词做宾语使用宾格,做主语使用主格,则主动句的宾格(做宾语)应变为被动 句的主格(做主语),由于主语发生变化,根据 主谓一致性规则,谓语也应一致变化。1.4. 主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语,代词主格变成宾格,并由 by引导,放在旬末,表示 “被在
3、有时不关系原来主语的情况下,甚至可以省略。1.5. 原来的动词变为be +过去分词。1.6. 时态保持原来不变。结论:主(格)宾(格)对换,主谓一致,be +过去分词,by后置引导。2 .被动语态其它特殊情况2.1. 带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态she gave me a book.f i was given a book by her.f a book was given to me by her.2.2. ()(动词后的不定式省略to的要还原)主动句中在感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等,及使役动词let, make, have后跟省略to的不定式,变
4、为被动句时,要加上不定式符号to。he makes the girl stay at home.f the girl is made to stay at home by him.2.3. 不及物动词没有宾语,尽管主语为物,表达带有被动的含义,但不能用被动。如open, lock,第1页共6页write, read, sell, clean, washi, cut, burn, drive 等。this kind of pen writes very smoothly.2.4. 系表结构,没有宾语,尽管主语为物,表达带有被动的含义,但不能用被动。如look, sound, taste, sme
5、ll 等。moon cakes taste delicious.2.5. () be worth doing用主动形式表被动意义。the book is worth reading.2.6. ()“want/ need /require +doingt目当于 “want/ need / require +to be done”my bike needs repairing.f my bike needs to be repaired.3 .不用被动语态的情况3.1. 主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时,不能用被动语态。宾语是主语自己不能用。 the man introduced h
6、imself as mr. white.f himself was introduced as mr. white. ( x) they help each other study english.f each other is helped study english.( x)3.2. 当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时,不能用于被动语态。we will have a meeting.f a meeting will be had by us. ( x)3.3. 主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时,不能用被动语态。my brother enjoys watching tv.f watchin
7、g tv is enjoyed by my brother. ( x)he asked to have a try.f to have a try was asked. (x)4 .被动语态和系表结构的区别4.1. 被动语态表示以主语为动作的承受者,而系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。 the shop is closed at 9 00p.m.(动作) the shop is closed today.(状态)4.2. 系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配,被动语态结构中则没有。miss wang is satisfied with us.4.3. 系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰。s
8、he s so worried about her exams.4.4. 系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时,而被动语态则可以用于多种时态。5 .各种时态下的被动语态(原来的动词变为be +done (过去分词),保持主谓一致)5.1. 一般现在时:主动: we clean the classroom.被动:the classroom is cleaned by us.5.2. 一般过去时:主动: he made the kite.被动:the kite was made by him.5.3. 一般将来时:主动:they will plant trees tomorrow.被动:tree
9、s will be planted by them tomorrow.5.4. 现在完成时:主动:jim has finished the work.被动:the work has been finished by jim.5.5. 含有情态动词:主动:i can find him.被动: he can be found by me.第6页共6页典型例题练习题1. today, computers are really helpful. they everywhere.a. use b. are used c. used d. were used2. the 30th olympic game
10、s in london soon.a. held b. will be held c. were held d. have been held3. chinese by more and more people from all over the world today.a. use b. are used c. used d. were used4. the task in an hour. then we can go home and have a good rest.a. was finishedb. will be finishedc. has been finishedd. can
11、 t be finished5. a new club in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members.a. starts b. is started c. has started d. was started6. oh, my god! i can in dtmy key to the office.don t worry. perhaps it at your home.a. left b. has left c. was left d. had left7. people who drink
12、wine to drive after may daya. don t allow b. isn t allowedc. mustn t allow d. mustn t beowed8. because of the support from all over the country, beautiful new buildings here and there in the earthquake-hit areas in sichuan.a. can see b. can be seen c. will be seen d. could be seen9. can you sing thi
13、s english song? of course, i can t. itmany times on the radio.a. taught b. has taught c. is taught d. has been taught10. david, turn off the tv on one is watching it. but it off already! the music is from the radio.a. so that; has been turnedb. when ; has turnedc. if; has been turnedd. because; has turned11. mum , can i go to the zoo
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