山东省2020新高考英语总复习第四讲特殊句式和主谓一致教案

1、特殊句式和主谓一致第四讲 语法项目（一）特殊句式（强调句型、倒装句和 there be 句型）考纲解读定方向特殊句式在高考语法填空和短文改错中考查较少，但是作为语法中的一个重点和难点，我们应在备考中给予足够的重视。特殊句式的重要性主要体现在书面表达之中，它们基本上都是高级句式，它们的应用对于提升文章的档次起着举足轻重的作用。h语法填空上怎么考鸣,等宏和田潮措pm照变出夯基都上一一二一二一二一一二一一*i特殊句式的解题技法铭记句式结构（强调句型）实例体验1. （2017 天津卷）it was when i got back to my apartment i first cameacross m

2、y new neighbors.解析：that 此处是it is/wasthat强调句式，强调的是when引导的时间状语从句，故填that 。2. （2016 天津卷）you are waiting at a wrong place.it is at the hotel the coach picks up tourists.解析：that 分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型。 at the hotel是被强调部分，缺少强调句式中的that ,故填that。3. （2020 湖北四地七校联考 ）however , like so many other things , it is only to

3、o much stress does you harm.解析：that 句意：但是，像很多其他的事情一样，只有太多的压力才会伤害到你。去掉it is及设空处，句子结构和意义仍然完整，因此此句为强调句，其基本句型为“it is/was +被强调部分+ that/who +其他”。本句被强调的部分为事物。故填 that。4. （2020 湖北襄阳四校联考 ）although it was ten years ago i read the book,it shows me a universal truth that books are friends, always pushing us to m

4、ove on.解析：that 分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，强调时间状语，故填 that。5. （2020 湖北荆门调研）it wasnt until in high school i began to trustother people again.解析：that 句意：直到上了高中我才开始再次信任别人。本句考查强调句型 it is/was +被 强调部分+ that/who +其他成分”，且强调时间状语，故填 that。6. （2020 江西樟树中学等六校联考）in that way , world read aloud day（do）help make a difference.句意

5、：通过那种方式，世界大声读书日的确帮助产生了影响。本句主语为does 解析：可知本题考查，根据提示词doworld read aloud day ,设空处后的谓语动词是动词原形helpdoes。强调。do/does/did放在实义动词前表示强调。因主语为单数第三人称，故填)and is tai chi that has helped her understand the 7.(2020 福州模拟 value of “going slowly ”. it o解析：it 分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句型，故填 重点强化一、强调句式的常用结构+其他部分”。被强调that/who1 .强调句的基本句型

6、是“itis/was +被强调的部分+的部分可以是主语、宾语或状语等。.强调句的特殊句式2强调句的特殊结构构成句式is/was it+被强调部分+ that/who +句子其他部一般疑问句分？特殊疑问词+ is/was it + that +句子其他部分？特殊疑问句it is/was not until.+ that + 句子其他部分。句式 not untilit is not.+ thatnotbut,but/it isnotbutthat句式 二、强调谓语动词 或did o doesdo强调谓语动词时，要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词， to send him to a technical

7、school. the familydid manage 家里的人的确设法让他上了所技术学校。注意：被强调的是时间、地点或原因状语时，一律用 that o h有冢二倒装倒装原则要记牢( )句实例体验)at the top of the hill(lie) an old cottage. (2020 四川部分名校联桃 1 1which has a wonderful view of the whole city.which has a当介词短语置于句首时，句子应用完全倒装，去除修饰部分lies 解析：(lie) 后，还原成正常语序为：whole of wonderful view the cit

8、yan cottage old句意：山顶上坐落着一间能一览全城美景的古老小屋。结合定语从at the top of the hill.。句的时态可以判断，此处应用一般现在时，故填 liesnoticeshe time second the composition her read mary after )only天津卷(.2.the spelling mistake.解析：did 当only修饰的时间状语位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装，且由本句时态可知应用一 般过去时，故填 did。句子还原为正常语序为：mary noticed the spelling mistakeonly after sh

9、e read her composition the second time.3. (2019 烟台二模)so necessary i found it to learn about my kidsschoolwork that i will visit his teachers next week.解析：have 考查 so.that倒装句式，正常语序为 i have found it so necessary tolearn about my kids schoolwork that i will visit his teachers next week.4. (2020 临沂月考)not

10、 a single word he say when he was asked, whichmade his parents angry.解析：did 否定副词not位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，由 when he was asked 可知应填助 动词did。5. (2020 崇州模拟 )hardly she gone out when a student came to visit her.解析：had 此题考查hardly.when 句式，该句式主句应用过去完成时。重点强化1 .不要把全部倒装误用作部分倒装(1)当表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。(2)当作表

11、语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词置于句首时，句子用全部倒装。(3)直接引语置于句首时，句子也用全部倒装。2 .不要把部分倒装误用作全部倒装(1)当否定词以及由no构成的否定短语置于句首时，用部分倒装。当“only +状语(从句)”置于句首时，句子用部分倒装。(3)在so/suchthat句式中，当so+形容词/副词或such +名词”位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。当as/though表示“虽然，尽管，引导让步状语从句时用部分倒装。(though引导的让步状语从句也可以不倒装)(5)在含有had/were/should 的if 虚拟条件句中，可以省略if ,将had/were/should放

12、在主语前，构成部分倒装。(6)当表示前面所说的肯定(或否定)情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so(或neither/nor)+ be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”，表示“也是(或也不)”。里陋言房三.一二二二:二i牢记there be 句型及其他结构实例体验)is no doubt that keeping an english diary helps you.(2019 郑州模拟1.a lot with written english.解析：there 此题考查固定句型there is no doubt that. 意为“毫无疑问”。2. (2018 d匕京卷改编 )in any uns

13、afe situation , simply(press) the buttonand a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.解析：press 考查固定句型。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的 代理人就会给你你需要的帮助。分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。3. there is a house near the river.there lives a man in the house and there(be) a lot of fish in the river.解析：are 此处表示河

14、里有很多鱼。fish指的是鱼不是鱼肉，fish单复数同形，故谓语动词用复数are。4. (浙江卷)there are some health problems that , when(not treat) in time , can become bigger ones later on.解析：not treated 本题考查省略句的用法。完整的句子应该是.when they are nottreated in time ,.。重点强化there be及其他特殊结构1 . there be 结构there be/stands/lies/lives.； there is no need/doub

15、t/possibility/sense/point.等。2 . there be 句型be动词的单复数要根据就近一致原则确定be的单复数，there be 句型不要误用作 there have 。3 .状语从句的省略当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语为it ,且从句谓语动词含有be动词时，可省略状语从句的主语和be动词。4 . if条件句的省略用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用if so/not ”省略句式。其他类似结构还有if ever , ifany, if possible 等。5 .祈使句勿把动词原形用作非谓语动词。6 .感叹句由what和how引导感叹句语法项目（二）主谓

16、一致考纲解读定方向在英语中，句子谓语动词的形式应与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致主要分为语法一致、意义一致以及就近、就远一致三种。近年来高考对主谓一致的考查主要集中在语法一 致和意义一致上，并且常常将主谓一致与动词的时态和语态结合起来进行综合考查。语法填空怎么考语法一致、意义一致、就近、就远一致原则解决主谓一致实例体验1. （2017 浙江卷 11 月）this isnt as hard as it（sound）, and it is farbetter than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while r

17、eading an interesting piece of literature.解析：sounds 考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句中第二个 as引导从句，从句中it是主 语，且根据上文的isnt和全文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，故填 sounds。2. （2020 湖北七市联考）a red rose , rather than yellow roses , （act） as the traditional romantic gift given to your love on valentines day.解析：acts 考查时态及主谓一致。本段描述的都是客观情况，故应用一般现在时

18、；句子的主语 是a red rose ,而不是rather than 后的yellow roses ,所以谓语动词应该用单数形式，故填 acts。3. （2020 郑州第一次质量预测 ）in general , preparing for new debate topics usually （include） brainstorming arguments , researching a resolution（ 解决），and doing debate practice.解析：includes 考查主谓一致。本句中主语为preparing for new debate topics ,是动名词

19、短语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。4. （2020 太原阶段测评 furthermore , the amount of sleep（change） greatly over the past 15 years.解析：has changed 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语 over the past15 years 可知，此处应用现在完成时，且该句的主语是 the amount of sleep ,故谓语动词 用单数形式。5. （2019 河北五个一名校联盟二模）in that way you can find articles just aboutanything that（

20、be） related to the science fields you are interested in.,并在从句中作主 anything指代的是先行词that考查主谓一致。关系代词 is 解析：语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填 is o 重点强化1 .可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词 用复数。2 .在定语从句中，关系代词that , who), which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。3 .非谓语动词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。4 .就近原则：由 ei

21、theror,neithernor,not onlybut also. 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。5 .就远原贝 1: 主语后跟有 with , together with , as well as, but, except , along with , rather than等引起的短语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。对点集hi提素养取4热片弹需4c审件发小题夯基练单句语法填空1. they celebrate christmas here , and there are obviously displays in shops and christ

22、mas markets , but seem to be no signs of christmas adverts.解析：there 句意：他们在这里庆祝圣诞节，而且很明显商店和圣诞节市场里有很多展览品，但是似乎没有圣诞广告的迹象。考查there be 句型，be动词可用lie , exist , seem, remain等替代。2. i was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to alcohol, and was myfriend mike.解析：so 根据句意判断，所填的词要能表达出后一种情况与前面情况相同这一意义，故用so,构成“ so +

23、谓语动词+主语”这种倒装结构，表示“也。3. only then we realize there was an earthquake.i was too frightenedto move.解析：did 句意：只有在那时我们才意识到地震发生了。我太害怕了以至于一动不动。“only+状语”位于句首，后面的句子需要部分倒装。本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填 did。4. one has reason to believe that chinas anti-corruption over the past few years,tough it is , has achieved ins

24、piring progress.解析：as/though 句意：有理由相信在过去的几年里中国的反腐活动取得了令人鼓舞的成就，虽然该活动很艰难。as/though引导让步状语从句时采用了部分倒装。just in front of the house(stand)a tall tree with a history ,now. 5.of 100 years.解析：stands 句意：现在，就在这座房子前面耸立着一棵有100年历史的大树。表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词，后面的主语、谓语部分需用全部倒装形式；根据时间状语now可推知设空处需用一般现在时；本句主语为第三人称单数，故填stand

25、s。6 more than one doctor(be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.解析：was 句意：许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。more than one +可数名词单数” 作主语时， 谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 根据从句用一般过去时可知， 主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。 7 the traditional chinese marriage usually (involve) some necessaryprocedures ， such as match-making ， enga

26、gement ， meeting the bride ， and three bows.解析：involves 考查主谓一致。根据该句中的 usually 可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语 the traditional chinese marriage 为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。8 while most water towns are in the south， shandongs tai erzhuang stands outin the north.the town (be) on the bank of the beijing-hangzhou gran

27、d canal.解析： is 考查时态和主谓一致。该句主语为“ the town ” ，为单数，故谓语动词用单数；该句陈述的是当前的情况，故用一般现在时。句意：这个小城位于京杭大运河的岸边。 9 in my life ， it is music which is extremely important brings me closerto my friends and family.解析： that 考查强调句型。此题强调 music ， which is extremely important 为定语从句修饰 先行词 music 。 10 its said that not getting

28、enough sleep (lead) to poor judgement ， lack ofcreativity ， and even depression.解析： leads 从句中主语not getting enough sleep 是动名词结构，谓语动词应用单数形式，根据主句的时态可知，此处应用一般现在时，所以填 leads 。 大题提能练语法填空倒装专练there 1.(be) a girl named cinderella whose stepmother had two ugly andlazy daughters.not only did they get good cares

29、， but also they needed to donothing.however,2.by doing dirty housework could cinderella get access tofood ； and seldom could she 3.(gain) some rest.not 4.midnight wasshe allowed to go to bed.poor 5. she was， she was very beautiful.one day ， sayingthat the prince would choose his， from the palace cam

30、e 6.invitationwife.away went her stepmother and her stepsisters to the palace.never had cinderella7. (be) permitted to go with them.“8.(be) i a princess ， i wouldlive a whole new life ！ ” sighed cinderella.no sooner had she sat down than a goddess appeared and gave her a smart dress ， a cargo as well as horses.but she warned cinderella that everything would disappear at 12 oclock.when cinderella arrived at the party,9.attractive was cinderella that the prince only danced withher.hardly had the clock stricken twelve when cinderella began to run，