[大学英语考试复习资料]北京成人本科英语真题2008年11月

1、大学英语考试复习资料北京成人本科英语真题2008年11月大学英语考试复习资料北京成人本科英语真题2008年11月北京成人本科英语真题2008年11月Part Reading ComprehensionThere are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage 1 Questions 1 to 5 are

2、based on the following passage. Scientists in India have invented a new way to produce electricity. Their invention does not get its power from oil, coal or other fuels. It produces electricity with the power of animals. India has about eighty million bullocks (小牛). They do all kinds of jobs. They w

3、ork in the fields. They pull vehicles through the streets. They carry water containers. (76) Indian energy officials have been seeking ways to use less imported oil to provide energy. Scientists at the National Institute for Industrial Engineering in Bombay (孟买) wondered whether the millions of bull

4、ocks could help. Many villages in India lack electricity, but they have many bullocks. And often the animals are not working. One job done by bullocks is to pump water out of the well. The animals do this by walking around and around in a circle. As they walk, they turn a heavy stick that makes the

5、pump move. This simple technology is centuries old. Scientists thought that the same technology could be used to produce electricity. Bullocks walk in a circle only two or three times a minute. This is much too slow to produce electricity, but it can create enough power to turn a series of gears (齿轮

6、). A large gear sits next to a smaller gear. As the large gear turns, it causes the smaller gear to turn. That gear turns an even smaller one. Each gear moves faster because it is a little smaller. The smallest gear may turn extremely fast. (77) Clocks operate with gears. So do cars and so does the

7、device invented by the Indian scientists to produce electricity. According to the officials in the United Nations, the idea is being tested at several places in India. The device is easy to operate and repair. And it can be moved easily. It costs about three hundred and seven dollars now to make suc

8、h a device, but production of large numbers of them could cut the cost of each to about two hundred dollars. 1. Who first thought of using bullocks to provide energy?A.Indian energy officials.B.Scientists in India.C.Officials in the United Nations.D.Researchers in Europe.答案:B解析 本题是细节题。问是谁先想起了用小牛来提供能

9、源的方式。定位到全文第一句话“Scientists in India have invented a new way to produce electricity”就可以直接找到答案。2. Which kind of job that the bullocks do is NOT mentioned in the passage?A.Pulling vehicles.B.Plowing fields.C.Pumping water out of wells.D.Carrying food baskets.答案:D解析 本题是细节题。根据题干关键词job、bullocks，可以定位到两个地方：“

10、They do all kinds of.water containers.”和“One job done by bullocks is to pump water out of the well.”可以看出小牛的工作内容有：在田间劳作；在街上拖拉运输工具；运输一些盛水的容器；从井里打水上来。因此可以知道选项A、B、C三项均在文章中提到过。而D项是将“They carry water containers”这句话偷换了概念。3. Why are bullocks used to provide energy in India?A.Because bullocks have long been

11、used by Indian people.B.Because bullocks walk slowly and are easy to control.C.Because there are few non-working bullocks in India.D.Because there is not enough oil in India.答案:D解析 本题仍然是细节题。问为什么小牛用来提供能源。A项，因为印度人民长期使用小牛。B项，因为小牛走得慢，而且容易控制。C项，因为在印度不工作的小牛是很少的。D项，因为印度没有足够多的油。其中B项在文章中未提及，C项与文章意思相反，可以直接排除。

12、A项小牛长期被用来耕地不足以解释用小牛发电的原因。而根据“Indian energy vide energy.”可以看出印度用来发电的oil主要靠进口，所以印度的oil是匮乏的。因此选D。4. In the sentence “This simple technology is centuries old” in Paragraph One, “This simple technology” refers toA.using bullocks to produce energyB.using pumps to draw water outC.having bulloc

13、ks walk around to make the pump moveD.connecting gears of different sizes to produce electricity答案:C解析 本题是细节题。在文章中找到这句话，前一句和后一句分别是“它们会带动一根很沉的棍子，这根棍子又能够带动抽水泵运动起来”；“科学家们认为同样的技术可以用来发电”。可以看出这种技术和后来提到的发电是要有某种联系的。因此可以直接选C。另外，从后一句话可以知道后面要说的是利用这种技术来发电，因此排除A、D。而B项未提到小牛的作用，因此也可以选出正确答案。5. Which of the followin

14、g is true about the device mentioned in the passage?A.It has a large gear and a smaller gear.B.Its easy to use, but difficult to move.C.Its quite cheap.D.Its still being tested.答案:D解析 本题是推断题。问关于文章讲的这种设备，哪项是正确的。根据文章第一段结尾处和第二段，可以知道A、B两项与文章意思相反。C项关键是看到quite这个词，是“完全，彻底”的意思，比较绝对，因此排除。所以选D。长难句分析 1Indian e

15、nergy officials have been seeking ways to use less imported oil to provide energy.印度能源官员一直在寻找可以少用进口石油提供能源的方法。 句中用了两个不定式。第一个不定式to use less imported oil作定语，修饰、限制 ways。第二个不定式to provide energy作目的状语，说明使用石油的目的是生产能源。 2Clocks operate with gears. So do cars and so does the device invented by the Indian scien

16、tists to produce electricity.钟表是由齿轮来带动的。汽车和印度科学家们发明的这种发电设备也是这样的。 用了两个倒装句，表明这种设备和钟表、汽车是类似的原理。 Passage 2 Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. On-the-job smoking is a hot issue for both smokers and non-smokers, and many managers now see smoking as a productivity (生产力) problem. Although

17、 some people question whether smoking really affects ones productivity, it has, in fact, been proven that a smoker costs a company more than a non-smoker. According to Professor William Weis, a smoking employee costs his or her employer about $5,700 more a year than a never-smoker. These costs inclu

18、de medical care, lost earnings and insurance. And absence due to smoking breaks is one of the productivity problems, yet it accounts for a great deal of employer costs. (78) When the issue of smoking at the workplace is discussed, perhaps the most important problem is the health risk that smoking ca

19、uses to both smokers and never-smokers. It has long been proven that smoking is linked to lung cancer. Now many health experts warn that passive smoking can cause lung cancer and other illnesses in healthy never-smokers. Passive smoking can be defined as exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke in encl

20、osed areas. Anyone who has been with smokers indeed knows that their smoke can cause eye irritation (刺激), coughing, headaches and throat soreness. While eye irritation may seem a small thing to some smokers, it nevertheless is a problem that occurs every workday in offices and break-rooms and can le

21、ad to greater health problems. Employees who do not smoke should not be subjected (遭受) to the risks of passive smoking and need to be able to work in a safe environment. Surgeon General Koop states that the right of the smoker stops at the point where his or her smoking increases the disease risk of

22、 those occupying the same environment. 1. All the following cases are on-the-job smoking except thatA.an employer smokes while working in the officeB.a taxi driver smokes while driving the carC.a worker smokes while working in the workshopD.a worker smokes while reading in the train答案:D本题是细节推断题。要求根据

23、文章对on-the-job smoking的解释，来判断哪种情况不是on-the-job smoking。A项，一个员工在办公室吸烟。B项，一个出租车司机在开车的时候吸烟。C项，一个工人在工作室里面吸烟。D项，一个工人在火车上吸烟。因为D项只是在公共场所吸烟，而不是在工作的时候吸烟，所以选D项。2. According to the passage, on-the-job smoking affects an employees performance in the office in thatA.he cant concentrate on what he is doing while sm

24、okingB.he often goes away from his desk to smoke in the break-roomC.he often asks for sick leave as a result of too much smokingD.he takes a rest from time to time because of eye irritation答案:B本题是细节题。问工作中吸烟为什么会影响雇员的工作表现。定位到第一段最后一句话“And absence due to smoking breaks is.employer costs.”(因出去吸烟而离开座位是影响生

25、产力的问题之一，而且它还占据了雇佣成本的一大部分。)可以知道B为正确选项。A项在文章中未提到；C项是对该句话(absence due to smoking breaks因出去吸烟而离开座位)意思的曲解；D项与文意相反(While eye irritation may seem a small thing to some smokers)。3. Many managers do not seem to be in favor of on-the-job smoking mainly because itA.reduces productivity of the company to a cert

26、ain degreeB.does harm to the health of never-smokers of the companyC.affects the relationship between smokers and non-smokersD.makes the break-rooms more crowded and more polluted答案:A本题是细节题。问经理们不支持工作期间吸烟的原因。定位到第一段，经理们关心的事情显然是与生产力相关的事情。C、D两项未提及。而B项并非经理们所关心的事情。所以选A。4. Passive smoking means _A.never-sm

27、okers take up the habit of smoking unwillinglyB.never-smokers have to put up with the active smokersC.never-smokers take in smoke released by a lit cigaretteD.never-smokers share an enclosed area with smokers答案:C本题是词汇题。定位到文章的第二段“Now many health experts warn.in enclosed areas.”这两句话。比较四个选项，只有D项最符合被动吸烟

28、的含义。5. In the second part of the passage, the author suggests banning (禁止) on-the-job smoking so as to _A.cut down costs of medical care and insuranceB.create a healthy and safe working environmentC.prevent eye irritation from becoming a big health problemD.improve the smoking employees work efficie

29、ncy答案:LB本题考查考生对作者写作目的的把握。问作者建议禁止工作期间吸烟的目的是什么。根据第二段第一句话可以明显看出本篇文章的倾向，“the most important problem is the health risk”，因此可以轻易排除A、D两项。再根据“Employees who do not smoke should not be subjected (遭受) to the risks of passive smoking and need to be able to work in a safe environment.”可以断定答案为B。而C项曲解了文意。作者不仅不希望雇员

30、有大的健康问题(becoming a big health problem)，而且也不希望雇员在工作期间遭受eye irritation等小的健康风险。长难句分析 When the issue of smoking at the workplace is discussed, perhaps the most important problem is the health risk that smoking causes to both smokers and never-smokers.当讨论工作场所吸烟的问题时，也许最重要的问题是，吸烟给吸烟者和不吸烟者带来的健康风险。 时间状语从句Whe

31、n the issue of smoking at the workplace is discussed。定语从句that smoking causes to both smokers and never-smokers修饰限制the health risk。 Passage 3 Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage. Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence

32、 and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares (噩梦). (79) Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediatel

33、y after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase (抹去), the effect of painful memories. In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. (80) So far the research has suggested t

34、hat only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased. The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers troubling memories after war. They

35、 say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “Some memories can ruin peoples lives. They come back to you when you dont want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions,” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical S

36、chool. “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.” But those who are against the research say that it is very dangerous to change memories because memories give us our identity (特质). They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were hor

37、rible at the time but make us who we are. Im not sure we want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist. 1. The passage is mainly about _ .A.a new medical inventionB.a new research on memoriesC.a way of erasing painful memoriesD.an argument about the research on the pill答

38、案:D解析 本题是主旨题。做主旨题时一定要把整篇文章的内容结合在一起理解。这篇文章笔墨用得比较多的是在最后五段话里，主要是讲前面所有研究引发的争论的内容。所以本题不是简简单单地讲一个医疗的发明，也不是讲关于记忆的研究，更不是在讲一种消除痛苦经验的方式，而是在讲关于药物研究而引发的争论。2. The drug tested on people can.A.cause the brain to fix memoriesB.stop people remembering their experiencesC.prevent body producing certain chemicalsD.wipe

39、 out the emotional effects of memories答案:C解析 本题是细节题。根据题干关键词tested on people定位到文章第三段。 A项与文章意思相反。B项阻止人们回忆起他的经历，与文意相反(not that the memories are erased)。D项错在wipe out“消灭，彻底摧毁或被彻底破坏”，根据文章的第三段内容可以知道，这种the emotional effects of memories只是may be reduced，而不是彻底消除，显然夸大了原文的意思。3. We can infer from the passage that

40、 _.A.people doubt the effects of the pillsB.the pill will stop peoples bad experiencesC.taking the pill will do harm to peoples healthD.the pill has probably been produced in America答案:D解析 本题是推断题。A项与文意相反，并不是所有人都对这项研究都持怀疑态度。B项这个药物会阻止人们的不好的经历，夸大了文意。C项未提及。因此根据文章第二段第一句话可以知道D项为正确答案。4. Which of the follow

41、ing does Rebecca Dresser agree with?A.Some memories can ruin peoples lives.B.People want to get rid of bad memories.C.Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.D.The pill will reduce peoples sufferings from bad memories.答案:C解析 本题是细节题。根据题干关键词Rebecca Dresser定位到文章最后一段。她是不支持这项研究的。因此排除A、B、D三

42、项。而根据她自己的话“but make us who we are”和前一段的总体介绍“memories give us our identity”可以断定C为正确选项。5. The word scars in Paragraph One is close in meaning toA.good storiesB.painsC.experiencesD.memories答案:B解析 本题是词汇题。首先定位到第一段，“暴力和交通事故会给人们留下可怕的身体和情感上的”。再把四个选项代人，A好故事，B痛苦，C经验，D记忆，比较一下即可看出B痛苦最合文意。长难句分析 1Now American res

43、earchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories.现在美国研究者认为他们很快就要发明出来一种药丸，这种药丸会帮助人们忘掉不好的记忆。 宾语从句中套用了一个非限制性定语从句。 2So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.迄今为止，研究表明，被减弱的只

44、是记忆的情感影响，而不是记忆本身被抹去。 not连接了suggest的两个宾语从句：that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced和that the memories are erased。 Part Vocabulary and StructureIn this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that be

45、st completes the sentence.问题:1. Dont be too _ about things you are not supposed to know.A.strangeB.amusingC.curiousD.conscious答案:C解析 本题考查形容词的语意的辨别。“不要对你本不应该知道的事情过于”四个选项中A“陌生的”，代人句子后可知语意不通顺。B“令人愉快的”，以人作主语表达“感到”时，一般用-ed形式amused，而amusing指物“令人”。C“好奇的”，后面可以加about表示对某事感到好奇。D“有意识的”，语意不通顺。问题:2. Hes got hims

46、elf into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why答案:A解析 本题考查定语从句连接词的选择。通常先行词是地点名词，且定语从句的引导词在从句中作地点状语时，用where引导定语从句，但有时先行词是非地点名词时，也须用where引导定语从句，表示抽象意义的一种状态，此类词包括point，situation， case等。“他处于一种危险的境地，(在这种情况下)他好像不能控制那架飞机了。”问题:3. In order to change att

47、itudes _employing women, the government is bringing in new laws.A.aboutB.ofC.towardsD.on答案:C解析 本题考查介词的选择。“为了改变社会对待女性职员的态度，政府出台了新的法律。”attitude of后面接什么样的态度：an attitude of open hostility公开敌对的态度。而attitude towards后面接对什么的态度，What is your attitude towards this question?你对这个问题的态度如何?问题:4. The fact came up _sp

48、ecific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.whose答案:C解析 本题考查同位语从句连接词的选择。本题出现了同位语从句割裂的现象，当一个名词需要解释说明它的内容太长，又作主语，且谓语太短的情况下，就把同位语从句放在句子的末尾。先行词是The fact，后面的从句解释说明fact的内容，因此选 that。“婴儿6个月大的时候就能够辨别一些特定声音的事实出现了。”问题:5. It is generally believed that teaching is

49、_it is a science.A.an art much asB.much an art asC.as an art much asD.as much an art as答案:D解析 本题考查比较从句的用法。as+原级+(其他成分)+as。因此只有一个正确形式。“人们认为教学是一门艺术又是一门科学。”问题:6. _, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.A.However the story is amusingB.No matter amusing the story isC.However am

50、using the story isD.No matter how the story is amusing答案:C解析 本题考查的是状语从句连接词的选择。“无论这个故事有多么有趣，这个星期我也必须把它搁在一边，集中精力认真学习。”However后面要直接加形容词。因此选择C。问题:7. For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warmA.weatherB.temperatureC.seasonD.climate答案:D解析 本题考查词义的辨别。“为了女儿的身体健康，她决定搬家到一个气候温暖的地方去。”A“天

51、气”，B“温度”，C“季节”，D“气候”。weather(天气)是不可数的，前面不能加a；而climate是可数名词。问题:8. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get _ by a car.A.run outB.run overC.run awayD.run after答案:B解析 本题考查动词词组。“在过这条非常繁忙的街道的时候一定要小心，否则你可能会被车撞倒。”run out of肖耗掉；run over碾过，与相撞，撞倒；run away跑开；run after追赶。问题:9. _, so

52、me famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.A.Strangely enoughB.Enough strangelyC.Strange enoughD.Enough strange答案:A解析 本题考查副词和形容词的用法。题干缺少状语，因此需用副词形式，排除C、D。而enough修饰形容词和副词时放在后面，修饰名词的时候放在前面，如good enough，enough water。因此选A。问题:10. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for

53、the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A.to seeB.to be seenC.seeingD.seen答案:B解析 本题考查固定用法。It remains to be seen尚待分晓。“对于这对老夫妇来说去国外旅游是件好事情，但是还得看到底他们喜不喜欢。”首先it(老夫妇去旅游这件事)还有待于观察，表将来用不定式。这件事情是被观察，因此选被动。综上选B。问题:11. You seem to show interest in cooking. What? _, Im getting tired of it.

54、A.On the contraryB.To the contraryC.On the other handD.To the other hand答案:A解析 本题考查固定词组。“你好像对做饭很感兴趣。”“相反，我特别烦做饭。”直接选择A答案。问题:12. These wild flowers are so special that I would do I can to save them.A.whateverB.thatC.whichD.whichever答案:A解析 本题考查名词从句连接词的用法。do后面是宾语从句，根据句子意思即可做出选择。“这些野花非常的特殊，以至于我不得不做我所有能做

55、的一切去救它们。”问题:13. Time will _whether I made the right choice or not.A.seeB.sayC.tellD.know答案:C解析 本题考查动词的辨别。“时间会告诉你我做的决定是否正确。”根据句子意思，即可选出答案。问题:14. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _the girl and took her away, _into the woods.A.seizing; disappearedB.seized; disappearedC.seizing; disappeari

56、ngD.seized; disappearing答案:D解析 本题考查谓语动词和非谓语的辨别。首先看到and，判断and前面缺少谓语动词。排除A、C。而and后面已经有谓语动词，所以disappear应该用非谓语形式。man和disappear是主动关系，因此排除A，选D。“突然，这个驾着金色车子的高个男人抓住那个女孩?并把她带走了，消失在树林里。”问题:15. It suddenly _ me how we could improve the situation.A.occurredB.fearedC.shookD.struck答案:D解析 由于Occur做“想起”讲时，后面要加to，所以排除A。strike (struck)本身的意思是“敲击”，也有“某人突然想起一件事情”的意思。“我突然想起了我们如何改善现在的状况的方法。”问题:16. Was it because he was ill _he asked for leave?A.soB.whenC.whyD.that答案:D解析 本题考查强调句。先变换成陈述语序。It was because he was ill he asked for a leave可知选择that。“他请假离开是因为他生病了吗?”问题:17. John likes Chinese food, but he _eat