电力专业英语

1、华北电力大学电力工程系 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-2 Power System Introduction voltage current active power reactive power status of circuit breakers Status of protective relays 电力系统调度电力系统调度 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-3 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-4 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-5 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-6 2021-7-12H

2、UI REN NCEPU 45-7 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-8 Basics DC/AC 直流/交流 Voltage 电压 Voltage level 电压等级 110v, 220v, 380v, 3kV, 6kV, 10kV, 20kV, 35kV 110kV, 220kV, 330kV, 500kV, 750kV, 1100kV Phase voltage 相电压, line voltage 线电压 Active power（real power）有功功率 Reactive power 无功功率 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-9 Basic

3、s Y0 Y0 Y0 Y Y0 Y Y0 Y Y0 Y Y0 Y0 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-10 Basics Generator Power Transformer Circuit breaker Protective Relay Dispatching system 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-11 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-12 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-13 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-14 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-15 2021-

4、7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-16 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-17 Power Dispatching Dispatching regulation on power system: issued in 1993 by State Council. Unified dispatching and hierarchical management: five levels. Branch-grid level Regional level County level National level Provincial level 国调 网调 省调 地调 县调 2

5、021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-18 National wide grid dispatching Operation management of related large-scaled plants 500(330)Kv transmission lines Large-scaled plants Coordinate economic operation of various branch grids Medium and small scale plants Distribution center 220 Kv transmission lines 500 Kv su

6、bstation High voltage customers 220 Kv key substation 220 Kv substation 110Kv, 35 Kv substation 110Kv transmission lines and below Inter-regional connection above 500 Kv Branch-grid level regional level County level National level Provincial level 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-19 Power dispatching autom

7、ation system(调度自 动化系统). The task is providing to operators(调度员) all various kinds of real time information of power system, making management and dispatching decision to ensure safety and economical operation of power system. Sometimes it is also called EMS (Energy Management System)(能量管理 系统) 2021-7

8、-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-20 EMS includes the following power advanced software: Load Forecasting(负荷预测), Automated Generation Control(自动发电控制), State Estimation(状态估计), Transient Stability Analysis(暂态稳定分析), Optimal Power Flow(最优潮流), Dispatcher Training Simulator(调度员培训仿真系统) The basics of these advanced softw

9、are is SCADA system. 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-21 The generator voltages are in the range of 11 to 30kV; higher generator voltages are difficult to obtain because of insulation problems in the narrow confines of the generator stator. 发电机机端电压范围在11kV至30kV之间。机端电 压难以达到更高的原因是由于发电机定子的绝缘 问题。 2021-7-12HUI R

10、EN NCEPU 45-22 Transformers are then used to step up the voltages to the range of 110 to 765kV. 由升压变压器将电压升至110kV至765kV。 In California the backbone of the transmission system is composed mainly of 500kV, 345kV, and 230kV three-phase lines. The voltages refer to voltages from line to line. 加州的主干输电网由50

11、0kV、345kV和230kV的三 相线路组成。上述电压指的是线电压。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-23 One reason for using high transmission-line voltages is to improve energy transmission efficiency. Basically, transmission of a given amount of power (at specified power factor) requires a fixed product of voltage and line current. Low

12、er line currents are associated with lower resistive losses(I2R) in the line. 采用高输电线电压的原因之一是提高能量传输效 率。基本上，当传输一定的功率时（在给定功率 因数下），电压和线路电流的乘积一定。降低电 流相当于降低线路上的电阻性损耗。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-24 The primary objective of the interconnection is improved service reliability; a loss of generation in one area

13、 can be made up by utilizing spare capacity in another area. 电网互联的主要目的是提高供电可靠性；一个区 域损失的发电量可以由另外一个区域的剩余容量 供给。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-25 Decision: Build or Upgrade City Substation 城市变电站面临抉择：新建还是扩建 Because many cities have experienced rapid growth, their substations have often reached the limits of

14、their capacity. As a result, downtown distribution systems are often overworked and many need a major upgrade, overhaul, or expansion. However, space is scarce. 由于城市不断发展，许多城市变电站已经达到其 负荷极限，许多配电站急需升级、检修或扩建， 问题是空间不足。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-26 BC Hydro built Cathedral Square, a major 230/12 kV underg

15、round gas-insulated substation located 62 ft underground, in 1984. BC水电公司于1984年建造了这个位于地下62ft （英尺）的230/12kV气体绝缘地下变电站。 It has three levels underground and an urban park above. It originally had a dozen 12kV feeders, but has since undergone several upgrades, including the addition of 24 feeders for a c

16、urrent total of 36. 变电站建在地面以下，分为三层，地面上则是个 公园，最初有12条12kV馈电线路，经过几次扩建 增加了24条，目前共有36条馈电线路。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-27 Using some devices such as magnetic temperature indicators that measure differential temperature between load tap-changer (LTC) oil tanks and main transformer oil tanks, the utility ha

17、s moved from an annual LTC breaker maintenance schedule to an as-needed schedule. 由于使用了一些电磁温度指示器之类的装置来测 量有载调压分接头油箱和主变压器邮箱之间的温 差，这家电力公司不必像以前那样，每年都要进 行LTC开关维修，而是根据需要随时进行维修。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-28 On-line monitoring information is collected by the utility supervisory control and data acquisition

18、(SCADA) system, and is then sent to the diagnostics program where the data are analyzed according to present parameters supplied by DP here the only requirement is relative motion, and since a stationary armature and a rotating field system have numerous advantages, this arrangement is standard prac

19、tice for all synchronous machines rated above a few kilovolt-amperes. 交流发电机不受任何限制，惟一的要求是相对移动，而且由于 固定电枢及旋转磁场系统具有许多优点，这种安排是所有额定 容量超过几千伏安的同步发电机的标准做法。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-40 顺译法例句（顺译法例句（2 2） For large motors, therefore, a phase-winding rotor is used, with the winding connected at one end to each o

20、ther and at the other end to slip-rings, thus enabling the resistance of the rotor to be varied at will, providing a greater starting torque and some speed control. 因此，对于大型电机来说，一般采用相绕组转子，其绕线的一 端互相连接，而另一端接于轴的滑环上，这样，可随意改变转 子的电阻，从而可提供更大的起动转矩，并可适当控制速度。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-41 倒译法倒译法 当原文结构层次与汉语相反时，要

21、从英语原文的后面译起， 自下而上，逆着原文的顺序翻译，称为倒译法。例如： The resistance of any length of a conducting wire is easily measured by finding the potential difference in volts between its ends when a known current is flowing . 已知导线中的电流，只要求出导线两端电位差的伏特数，就 不难测出任何长度的导线的电阻。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-42 倒译法倒译法 Various machine par

22、ts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be. 各种机器零件无论多么脏，形状多么不规则，当它们用超 声波处理后，就可以被洗得非常干净，甚至干净得像新的 零件一样。 2021-7-12HUI REN NCEPU 45-43 分译法分译法 为了汉语表述的方便，可将原文的长句拆开来分别译出。 当长句中的主句与从句或介词短语及分词短语等多修饰的 词与词之间的关系不是很密切，并且各自具有相对的独立 意义时，可分解成几个部分或意思层，然后再按时间顺序、 逻辑顺序有机的组合在一起，还可以增减适当的词语以便 断句之间的衔接。例如，可添加或利用原文中的总括性词 语作为引语，而后分述各个部分；或先将某一短语和从句 分出去单独译出，在利用总括性词语把它和主句联系