焊接外观要求

1、Visual GMAW Weld Inspection 气体保护焊的目视检查气体保护焊的目视检查 GMAW: Gas Metal Arc Welding lAdequate drawings & specifications 相应的图纸和技术规范 lAcceptance standards clearly understood by both manufacturer and buyer before welding is started. 在开始焊接前,客供双方须清楚地明 确接收标准. 先期准备先期准备 Three categories: 三类工作 lPrior to welding 焊接前

2、 lDuring welding 焊接中 lAfter welding 焊接后 范围范围 lVisual acuity 灵敏的视觉判断力 lExperience and Training 接受过一定的培训和相应的经验 lProcedures 理解程序的要求 lCertification Programs 通过了能力测试 lSafety 完全了解工作环境的安全要求 检验员的必备要求检验员的必备要求 lGeneral lvisual examination is a method for identifying surface flaws and imperfections 目视检查是发现焊接表面

3、缺陷与次品的 方法 原则原则 lReview drawings and specifications 审核图纸与技术规范 lPlan for recording of results 准备记录检查结果 lReview / develop control plan 审核并更新控制计划 lReview / develop DFMEA / PFMEA 审核并更新DFMEA / PFMEA 焊接前焊接前 lSequence of welding 焊接的顺序 lConformance with the applicable procedure i.e. voltage, amperage and tra

4、vel speed. 与相应的程序保持一致,如: 电压,电 流及焊接速度 焊接中焊接中 lFinal weld appearance 最终焊接外观 lFinal weld size 最终焊接尺寸 lWeld Length 焊接长度 lLocation accuracy 焊接位置的精确度 lDistortion 变形 焊接后焊接后 Discontinuities众多缺陷 lPorosity气孔 lIncomplete fusion不完全熔接 lIncomplete joint penetration结合点不完全熔 深 lUndercut咬边 lOverlap虚焊 lCracks裂缝 lBurn

5、Thru烧穿 lMelt back回熔 lNotching收弧槽 lMelt thru烧穿 lOut of position焊偏 lHollow弧坑 lResidue表面焊渣 lWeld split 断弧 最终焊接外观最终焊接外观 lWidely distributed广泛分布 lFull length整条焊缝都有 lMostly on surface表面清晰可 见 离散分布的气孔离散分布的气孔 NG lLocalized group of pores一撮小气孔 lStarting / Stopping areas起弧收弧处 lOccurs during regions of arc blow

6、s气体没保 护处 群状分布的气孔群状分布的气孔 NG lUsually contamination in joint (hydrocarbon burning) 通常由于结合部有杂质 线状分布的气孔线状分布的气孔 NG 不完全熔接 Incomplete fusion NG 结合点不完全熔深 Incomplete joint penetration NG 虚焊 Overlap NG 假焊 NG 焊偏 咬边 Undercut Undercut 裂缝 NG 回熔 收弧槽 烧穿 NG 烧穿 Melt Thru 总要求 Example1 OK OK Example2 OK Example3 OK Exa

7、mple4 OK Example5 NG Example6 OK Example7 NG Example8 Basic Regulation 下列准则应予遵守 The scattered, linear, and cluster porosity are not acceptable 不允许出现条虫状气孔和表面气孔堆积 A single porosity is acceptable 允许有个别气孔 The incomplete fusion can not occur in the area b,b1 and b2 区域b,b1 和b2不允许出现未熔合现象 In non incomplete

8、fusion area b,b1 and b2, the penetration should be more than 0.1mm at least. 没有未熔合现象的b,b1 和b2区域内的焊接熔深至少0.1毫米 The depth of hollow should be less than 50% material thickness 弧坑深度50%板厚 The valid depth in the undercut area should be more than 0.8T and no sharp edge 出现咬边时, 实际连接深度至少0.8T, 不允许有边缘锋利的咬边. Principle for Rework 返工原则 Can be reworked: 以下情况可以返工以下情况可以返工 Missed weld or Split weld 漏焊或断弧 The diameter of burn thru less than 5mm 焊穿直径小于5mm Short length weld 焊缝长度不够 Notchi