电大园艺植物生理学考试总结小抄

1、一、名词解释：1、渗透作用、根压、自由水、蒸腾比率、矿质营养、离子通道、载体、叶片营养、硝酸还原酶（nr）、亚硝酸还原酶（nir）、光合单位、原初反应、希尔反应、光合磷酸化、光合速率、co2补偿点、光补偿点、呼吸作用、氧化磷酸化、呼吸速率、呼吸商、末端氧化酶、压力流学说、源、库、植物激素、生长素极性运输、三重反应、细胞周期、细胞全能性、组织培养、极性、生长大周期、顶端优势、光形态建成、春化作用、光周期诱导、临界日长、植物抗性生理、渗透调节、交叉适应。1、矿质营养：植物对矿物质的吸收、运转、和同化。2、硝酸还原酶（nr）：一种诱导酶，催化细胞质中的硝酸盐还原成亚硝酸盐的过程，主要存在于高等植物的

2、根和叶子中。3、亚硝酸还原酶（nir）：在叶绿体中催化亚硝酸盐还原成铵的酶。4、光合单位：能够独立进行光能的吸收、传递和能量转换、以及水的光解放氧的光反应的基本单位。5、光合磷酸化：在光下叶绿体中发生的由adp与pi合成atp的反应。6、光补偿点：随着光强度的增加，光合速率提高，当达到某一光强度时，叶片的光合速率与呼吸速率相等，净光合速率为零，这时的光强为光补偿点。7、co2补偿点：光合速率随co2浓度增高而增高，当光合速率与呼吸速率相等时环境中的co2浓度。8、压力流动学说：同化产物在筛管内的流动是由于筛管的两端（即源和库）之间所存在的压力势差推动的。9、源：制造并输出光合产物的器官或组织。

3、10、库：利用并贮存光合产物的器官或组织。11、细胞周期：新生的持续分裂的细胞从第一次分裂形成的细胞至下一次再分裂成为两个子细胞为止所经历的过程。12、交叉反应：植物在适应一种胁迫环境后，增强了对另一种胁迫环境的抵抗能力，这种与不良环境反应之间的相互适应作用，称为植物中的交叉适应。p31 思考题 第1题 答案：p15a卷 填空：一、填空：1、线粒体内末端氧化酶有（ ）2、植物向光性运动最有效的感光（ ）受体（ ）二、问答：1、什么是水势？植物细胞水势在纯水中压力势？2、有机物运输？3、光合作用？碳同化之前（p7992）选择：1、培养基中糖浓度较高时有利于形成（韧皮部）2、植物生长最健壮的温度（

4、低于最适温度）重点：第二章：第一节：第二节：第三节前半部分：第三章：第四节第五章：第四节：压力流学说第十一章：第三节 植物休眠的生理b卷 填空：一、填空：1、植物细胞放入纯水中，吸水达到平衡时测得s= 0.26，该细胞压力势为0.26，水势= 0 mpa。2、光呼吸底物：乙醇酸，释放co2的是在线粒体。二、选择：1、水分的需水临界期（对需水最敏感的时期）2、植物体内有机物运输的形式：蔗糖。三、判断：1、保卫细胞k+积累气孔关闭。（）2、抗氧呼吸中，释放较多的热量是由于呼吸作用合成的atp。（）winger tuivasa-sheck, who scored two tries in the k

5、iwis 20-18 semi-final win over england, has been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against usa.both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but australia have not conceded a try since josh c

6、harnleys effort in their first pool match against england on the opening day.aussie winger jarryd hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by tuivasa-sheck with eight.but it is recently named rugby league international federation player of the year sonny bill williams who

7、 has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.the kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the world cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the all blacks in 2011.id give every award back in a heartbeat just to

8、 get across the line this weekend, said williams.the (lack of) air up there watch mcayman islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going

9、to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet yaya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.mi

10、chel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a statement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska. baumgartner the

11、 disappointing news: mission aborted.the supersonic descent could happen as early as sunda.the weather plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, wit

12、h capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilome

13、ters) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.the balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( then, i would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an olympic diving platform.they blew

14、 it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they will not make the same mistake against the kiwis in manchester.five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by englands josh charnley in the opening gam

15、e of the tournament.that could be classed as a weakness, a team under-cooked - but i have been impressed by the kangaroos focus in their games since then.they have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completi

16、ng sets and a good kick-chase. theyve been great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.it is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.in johnathan thurston, cooper cronk, cameron smith and either billy slater or greg inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched in rugby league. they have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into saturday.the k