2020-2021学年新教材英语外研版必修第三册课时作业：Unit 3　The world of science 第一课时　Starting out Understanding ideas Word版含解析

1、好好学习，天天向上课时作业7starting out understanding ideasone of the most remarkable things about the human mind is our ability to imagine the future. in our _1_ we can see what has not yet happened。 for example, while we are looking forward to _2_ a new place or country, we imagine what it will be like。 we pre

2、dict the _3_ people will eat, dress and act。 of course, we do not always predict things _4_. things are often very different from the way we expected them to be。one of the _5_ dreams in history is the dream of the german scientist, kekule, who had been _6_ to work out a very difficult problem in phy

3、sics。 he had _7_ and analyzed the problem from every angle for days, but there _8_ to be no way of finding out the answer. then one night he went to bed and dreamed。 when he woke up, he realized that he knew the answer. he had solved the problem in his _9_.it is said that in order to figure out the

4、process, the hypnotist （催眠师） sat in the chair opposite him and spoke _10_: “i want you to concentrate on my voice。 think about _11_. you know nothing but my voice. and as you pay attention to my voice， your _12_ will get heavier。 soon youll be asleep. you will hear my voice and _13_ my words， but yo

5、ur body will be asleep. your eyes are too heavy. you are almost asleep, and when you wake up you will _14_ nothing. you will forget everything。 now i am going to _15_ slowly from one to five。 one， two， three, four, five。本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述德国科学家kekule的故事,说明了人类思想的神奇能力。1a。brainsbsensescmindsdsights答案:c解析

6、:根据文章首句可知，人类思想最显著的特点之一就是有想象未来的能力,据此可知,空处指“思想”，故c项正确。2a.visitingbseekingcreachingddiscovering答案：a解析：根据该句中的“a new place or country”可以判断，当我们期望去参观（visiting）某个新地方或新国家时，我们总是想象那里会是什么样子。3a。custombhabitcstyledway答案：d解析：根据“people will eat， dress and act”可知,我们总会预测(这个地方的）人们的饮食、衣着和行为方式。way意为“方式”，符合语境，故d项正确.4a。qu

7、icklybsimplyccorrectlydneatly答案：c解析：根据空处后一句“things are often very different from the way we expected them to be。”可知，事物总是不同于我们预料的那样,据此可以判断，我们不是总能正确地(correctly）预测事物。5a.funnybdullcfamousdsilly答案:c解析:根据该句中的“dreams in history is the dream of the german scientist, kekule”及下文可知，该处陈述的是历史上著名的梦之一是德国科学家kekule的

8、梦。famous意为“著名的”，符合语境，故c项正确。6a。managingbtryingcthinkingdhoping答案：b解析：根据该句中的“kekule, who had been _6_ to work out a very difficult problem in physics”及下文可知，kekule一直在努力解一道物理难题。try to do sth。意为“努力做某事”，符合语境，故b项正确.7a.studiedblearnedcdiscusseddsearched答案:a解析:根据该句中的“he had _7_ and analyzed the problem from

9、every angle for days”可知，他从多个角度研究(studied）和分析了这个难题.8a。usedboughtcseemeddhad答案：c解析:根据该句中的“but there _8_ to be no way of finding out the answer可知，似乎没有办法弄清答案。seem意为“似乎，好像”,符合语境,故c项正确。9a。dreamblessoncresearchdexercise答案：a解析：根据上文中的“he went to bed and dreamed. when he woke up, he realized that he knew the

10、answer可知，他在梦(dream)中解决了这个难题。10a.softlybloudlycslowlydfirmly答案：a解析：根据语境并结合常识可知，此处是对kekule进行催眠,故催眠师应是柔和地(softly)说着话。11a。everythingbsomethingcnothingdanything答案：c解析:根据空前一句“i want you to concentrate on my voice。”及下文中的“you know nothing but my voice。可知，空处应指什么都不要想。故c项符合语境。12a.eyesbfeetcheaddbody答案：a解析：根据常识

11、可知，被催眠师催眠时，眼睛会变得沉重。故选a项.13a。believebrepeatctakedunderstand答案：d解析：根据该句中的“you will hear my voice and _13_ my words”可知，此处指听到声音并理解听到的话。understand “理解，明白”，符合语境。14a。acceptbremembercheardreceive答案:b解析：根据下文中的“you will forget everything。”可知,空处指你将什么都不记得。故b项符合语境.15a.countbsaycadddspeak答案：a解析：根据“now i am going

12、to _15_ slowly from one to five. one, two, three， four, five”可知，此处表示数数，a项意为“（按顺序）数数，符合语境，故a项正确。aafter years of trying， our neighbors convinced my parents that ice fishing would be a fun winter getaway from our dairy farm。 before that， their idea of entertainment involved driving around the countrysi

13、de to see how the neighbors crops were doing.my parents eventually built a fish house and set it up on wood lake. we excitedly headed for the lake on many january and february weekends. by the time we arrived at our favorite fishing spot across the lake each day, somebody had usually made a clear pa

14、th across the ice。 the fish houses were together at the best fishing spots， forming some kind of a neighborhood。our house was large enough so all four of us could fish at the same time。 each corner had a square cut out of the floor。 we sat in comfort. youd think ice fishing would be cold， but we had

15、 a small woodstove （木炉） inside， and we put snow around the bottom of the house to keep the wind from blowing underneath.besides the thrill of watching your bobber （钓鱼浮标) dip below the water， lunch was always the highlight of the day。 mom would fry pork or hamburgers in a pan. the smell of cooking me

16、at was the envy of every other fish house in the neighborhood。our days passed with a mix of quiet time and family chatter。 we talked about the farm or school. and of course， we shared fishing advice。 part of the fun of ice fishing was learning to understand and trust the sounds of the frozen lake。 h

17、ealthy ice “talks as it freezes and shifts. you could often hear the sound of a crack traveling through the ice.people who have never tried ice fishing may not think it sounds very exciting, but it was for us. fishing trips were an adventure。 we didnt always catch fish, but we always brought home gr

18、eat memories of a day with family and friends。本文为说明文。作者介绍了冬天的钓鱼旅行给他及家人带来的好处及乐趣。1which is true about entertainment for the authors family before the fishing trips？athey enjoyed visiting the farmers.bthey had little choice for entertainment.cthey preferred to take care of their farm.dthey loved to do

19、research on growing crops.答案:b解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的before that， their idea of entertainment involved driving around the countryside to see how the neighbors crops were doing。 (在那之前，他们的娱乐理念是开车到乡村去看看邻居的庄稼长得怎么样)可知，对作者的家人来说，在没有开始钓鱼旅行之前，他们几乎没有娱乐的选择。故b选项正确。2why did the author put snow around the bottom of the

20、fish house？ato protect the fish house。bto follow an old local tradition。cto block the wind underneath。dto sit in a comfortable position。答案：c解析:细节理解题.根据第三段中的we put snow around the bottom of the house to keep the wind from blowing underneath。（我们把雪放在房子的底部以防止风从下面吹进来）可知，作者把雪放在钓鱼小屋的底部是为了阻止风从下面吹进来。故c选项正确。3

21、what can be inferred from the text？athe authors mom was not quite interested in cooking.bthe authors family shared fishing advice with each other。cthe author considered those trips enjoyable and meaningful.dthe authors family usually fished alone， far from the crowd。答案：c解析：推理判断题.根据最后一段中的we didnt alw

22、ays catch fish， but we always brought home great memories of a day with family and friends。(我们并不总是钓到鱼,但我们回家时总是带回与家人和朋友相处一天的美好回忆)可推知，作者认为这些钓鱼旅行是愉快和有意义的.故c选项正确.bby trying to tickle (使发痒） rats and recording how their nerve cells respond， shimpei ishiyama and his adviser are discovering a mystery that h

23、as puzzled thinkers since aristotle expected that humans, given their thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals。it turns out that aristotle was wrong. in their study published on thursday, ishiyama and his adviser michael brecht found that rats squeaked and jumped with pl

24、easure when tickled on their backs and bellies.these signs of joy changed according to their moods. and for the first time, they discovered a special group of nerve cells。these nerve cells made this feeling so powerful that it causes a rat being tickled to lose control.to make sure that he had indee

25、d found a place in the brain where tickling was processed, ishiyama then stimulated that area with electrical currents。the rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds。“its truly ground.breaking,”said jeffrey burgdorf, a neuroscientist at northwestern university who reviewed the paper。“it tak

26、es the study of emotion to a new level.”burgdorf has played a central role in our understanding of animal tickling. he was part of a team that first noticed, in the late 1990s, that rats made special noises when they were experiencing social pleasure。 others had already noted that rats repeatedly ma

27、de short and high sounds during meals。but the lab where burgdorf worked noticed that they emitted similar sounds while playing. and so one day, the senior scientist in the lab said，“lets go and tickle some rats. they quickly found that those cries of pleasure doubled。“the authors have been very adve

28、nturous,” said daniel oconnor, a neuroscientist at johns hopkins university.to him, that finding was very surprising。“why does the world literally feel different when you are stressed out? he said。“this is the first step towards answering that question。it gives us a way to approach it with experimen

29、tal rigor (严谨)”本文是一篇说明文。文中科学家通过刺激老鼠来记录它们的神经细胞的反应,所得出的结论把对情绪的研究提升到了一个全新的高度。4what contributed to humans being ticklish according to aristotle？atheir special skin。btheir social pleasure。ctheir nervous system.dtheir willingness to touch。答案：a解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“since aristotle expected that humans， given th

30、eir thin skin and unique ability to laugh, were the only ticklish animals”可知，亚里士多德认为人类由于其皮肤薄,而且有独特的笑的能力而成为唯一怕痒的动物，故选a项.5which of the following statements will jeffrey burgdorf agree with?athe research process is full of risks.bthe finding of the study is surprising and unbelievable.cthe new discover

31、y is beneficial for the study of emotion.dthe finding of the study actually contradicts modern science.答案:c解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“it takes the study of emotion to a new level。可知，burgdorf 认为这项研究成果把对情绪的研究提升到了一个全新的高度,显然，这对情绪的研究是有益处的。故选c项。6the underlined word “squeaked in paragraph 2 may be replaced by “_agav

32、e a smilebmade a noisecburst into tearsdwatched with staring eyes答案:b解析:词义猜测题。根据该词后面的“jumped with pleasure when tickled on their backs and bellies”可知,当在老鼠的背部和腹部挠痒痒的时候，它们会高兴地跳起来,再结合第三段中的“the rats began to jump like rabbits and sing like birds。”可知，此处是“发出声音”，故选b项.7what is the best title for the text？at

33、he life of rats bhow rats laughca wonderful scientistda new discovery about rats答案：d解析：标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于老鼠的新发现。故选d项。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。as you know, science plays _1_ very important role in our education. do you want to keep up _2_ the latest research and discoveries in science？

34、 there are many good websites _3_ you can check out the latest in the science world。one great site is science news for kids。this site reports science news _4_ (cover) a wide range of subjects. the articles are intended for younger readers, but adults will find this site _5_ （suit） for them as well。 another wonderful site, one that i check out every day, _6_ （call) science daily。 the site is _7_ (constant) updated with news, often about exciting _8_ （finding） that change how we view the world。these sites po