化工设备机械基础试题库（Chemical equipment, machinery foundation, test question bank）

1、化工设备机械基础试题库（Chemical equipment, machinery foundation, test question bank）Chemical equipment, machinery foundation, test question bankFill in the blanksFundamentals of mechanics1. under the action of external force, the basic form of deformation of the member is axial tension, compression, shear, tor

2、sion and bending.2., as far as the external force is concerned, the difference between the shear straight rod and the bent beam is that the shear line is very close to the outer force, and the line is far from the bending and lateral force acting on the two lines.3. from the engineering sense, the d

3、estruction of the material can be divided into two categories, one is brittle fracture, the first or the two strength theory to explain the reason of the damage; the other is yield damage, should use third or four strength theory to explain the cause of its failure.Common materials and anticorrosion

4、 of chemical equipment4. carbon steel and cast iron are ferrous plastic materials, while cast iron is a typical brittle material. Alloys with carbon, but they have very distinct performance differences, and low carbon steels are typical5. carbon steel and cast iron are alloys of iron and carbon. In

5、general, the performance of steel elements is harmful sulfur and phosphorus, the harmful role in sulfur mainly make the steel hot short, make the steel cold brittle P.6. carbon steel and cast iron in the main chemical elements, in addition to iron, as well as carbon 2.11% when carbon steel; if the c

6、omposition of the alloy carbon content greater than 2.11% is cast iron. If the composition of the alloy is less than the carbon content7. in terms of carbon content of steel, the main difference between making pressure vessel steel and making machine parts steel is to make containers made of low car

7、bon steel and to make medium carbon steels for machine parts. The main reason is that the low carbon steel has good plasticity and weldability, and the medium carbon steel can improve its comprehensive mechanical properties by quenching and tempering.Film theory8. from the stress point of view, the

8、same thickness, internal diameter and internal pressure are the same as the spherical container, which is superior to the cylindrical adjective. The two directions are the same as the circumferential stress, while the circumferential (circumferential) 2 times. The cylindrical container is a spherica

9、l vessel with different stresses9. the conical shell with gas pressure increases the film stress on the shell with the increase of the distance from the cone top, the stress at the top of the cone is zero, and the maximum stress is at the bottom of the cone.10., the ratio of the length of the ellipt

10、ical head to the length of the minor axis is equal to 2. The maximum tensile stress of the head is at the apex of the elliptical shell, and the maximum compressive stress is located at the equator of the shell.11. the maximum tensile stress of the standard elliptical head is located at the apex of t

11、he elliptical shell, and the maximum compressive stress at the equator of the shell appears. The absolute value is equal to the maximum tensile stress.12., the two basic characteristics of edge stress are local and self limiting.13. the connection point between the conical shell and the cylindrical

12、shell at A is the first principal curvature radius of the conical shell, and the radius of the second principal curvature is.The radius of the first principal curvature of the B point at the top of the cone is second, and the radius of the principal curvature is.Pressure vessel design14., the nation

13、al standard of steel pressure vessel in our country is GB150-1998 steel pressure vessel.15., the national standard for steel pressure vessel design in our country follows the name of steel pressure vessel GB150-1998. The standard number is16. for pressure vessel shell with welded steel, with its dia

14、meter as the nominal diameter, if the pressure vessel cylinder is a seamless steel pipe for direct interception of the specified diameter steel pipe as the nominal diameter.The nominal 17. rolled steel vessel diameter is the diameter and nominal diameter of the pipe is container making its diameter;

15、 the nominal pipe diameter is the inner diameter of the pipe or the outer diameter of pipes, a numerical but corresponds to the pipe diameter of the.18. shell forming after excluding the minimum thickness of the corrosion allowance, for carbon steel, low alloy steel pressure vessel, not less than 3m

16、m; 2mm is not less than for high alloy steels for pressure vessels.19. corrosion of metal materials can be divided into uniform corrosion and non-uniform corrosion according to the form of damage. Uniform corrosion is considered in the design phase of the container and the corrosion margin can be co

17、nsidered to ensure the strength of the vessel.20. calculation design pressure Pc, pressure P, pressure off Pk maximum working pressure Pw and safety valve, the relationship between the four should be Pc = P = Pk = Pw.21. design pressure is P, the maximum working pressure of Pw, Pk off the pressure s

18、afety valve and the maximum permissible working pressure of P, the relationship between the four is P = P = Pk = Pw.The main pressure elements 22. pressure vessel pressure vessel cylinder head (cover), flange, manhole, manhole nozzle opening reinforcement ring, flange, tube plate of a heat exchanger

19、 and heat pipe, expansion joint, M36 equipment main bolts, nominal diameter greater than 250mm pipe and pipe flange etc. (choose 5)Twenty-threeThe mechanical design of pressure vessel parts shall meet the requirements of strength, rigidity, stability, durability, air tightness, material saving and e

20、ase of manufacture, transportation, installation, operation and maintenance. (choose 5)24. steel cylindrical container Di=2000mm, internal pressure P=0.2Mpa, material Sigmat=113Mpa, Phi =1, then the containers minimum wall thickness of delta min should be 3mm.25. the thickness of the vessel shell ma

21、rked on the drawings refers to the nominal thickness of delta n, the thickness that can be used to withstand the pressure of the medium, and the effective thickness is e.Standard parts selection26. pressure vessel flange has a flat and B flat welding, welding neck structure of three types.27. pressu

22、re vessel opening reinforcement structure of main reinforcement, thick wall pipe reinforcement, the whole forging reinforcement three.28., the middle and low pressure flange sealing surface forms are commonly used in flat, concave and convex, tongue and groove type three.The pressure range of 29. MV

23、 container is 1.6MPa = P10Mpa.Two. Answer the following questions1. what is the difference between the stiffening ring and the stiffening ring?The stiffening ring is used to shorten the calculation length of the external pressure vessel, and to improve the anti destabilization ability of the externa

24、l pressure vesselA hole Puqiang, lower nozzle stress concentration coefficient.2. standard elliptical head under internal pressure by the delta e = 0.15%Di, why?When the standard elliptical head is subjected to internal pressure, it produces the circumferential compression film stress at the equator

25、, such as the thickness of the head is too thin, the head may be squeezed out at the equator, and the instability occurs. In order to avoid the occurrence of instability, the provisions of the delta e = 0.15%Di.3. what is the phenomenon of high temperature creep of metal materials?When the metal mat

26、erial is in high temperature, under certain stress, the strain increases with time, and gradually produces plastic deformation.What is the principle of 4. equal area reinforcement method?In the theory of sectional area of bearing shell effective reinforcement range of the metal reinforcing effect is

27、 equal to the cross-sectional area of holes or heavy rain cut required.5. what is intergranular corrosion of 18-8 steel?18-8 steel at 450 DEG -850 DEG short-time heating, intergranular C react with Cr, and the Cr grains too late to grain boundary diffusion, grain boundaries become poor Cr, its conte

28、nt is lower than the passivation required minimum Cr content (12.5%), resulting in the corrosive medium, grain boundary where is the corrosion. This phenomenon is called intergranular corrosion of 18-8 steel.6. using the bending stress distribution and explain why the cross sectional area, the high

29、beam of rectangular section beam is more reasonable than Chengwan?The bending stress along the height of the linear distribution of the cross section, the neutral axis of each point on the normal stress is zero, the distance from the neutral stress is bigger, in the premise of cross sectional area,

30、high under the I-beam and rectangular section beam compared to metallic cross-sectional area near the neutral axis is small, and the metal cutting the area far away from the neutral axis. Therefore I beam of rectangular section beam is more reasonable than Chengwan.Three, judge and explain the reaso

31、n1. the thickness of the container marked on the drawings refers to the nominal thickness of delta n, which can be used as the thickness to bear the pressure of the medium.The first half is right, but the second half is wrong. Depending on the thickness of the medium to sustain the pressure, the eff

32、ective thickness is e.2., the same nominal diameter and nominal pressure of the standard flange, material is different, the size of the flange is different, but the actual bearing capacity of the flange unchanged.Incorrect。 The flange size is the same while the bearing capacity changes.3. in the des

33、ign of medium and low pressure vessel, the hemispherical head is often chosen as the best convex head because of its good force condition.Incorrect。 Although the spherical head force is best, but because of manufacturing difficulties for large pressure vessel head and high pressure tank: and in the

34、design of low voltage reactor, usually used is the standard elliptical head, the force is smaller than the spherical head is good, but better than that of dished head, manufacturing is dish the head is difficult, but easy to spherical head.4. because the size of the head can not be too much, the dia

35、meter of the pressure vessel shell must be selected according to a certain series of nominal diameter, rather than simply determined by the chemical process requirements.Yes。 Because the head is a standard component, the structure size is standardized according to the nominal diameter series, and th

36、e container is welded with or connected with the equipment flange. The head and cylinder of the same nominal diameter series can be butted. Therefore, the diameter of the pressure vessel shell must be selected according to a certain nominal diameter series, rather than simply determined by the chemi

37、cal process requirements.Four. Fill in the blanks1. plane general force system simplified results may be ().The resultant force is not zero, and the resultant moment is zero. The resultant force is zero and the resultant torque is not zero.The resultant force is zero, and the resultant dipole moment

38、 is zero. The resultant force is not zero, and the resultant moment is not zero.2. through the simple tensile test of metal materials, the mechanical properties of the material can be obtained.The e of the d s and the PSI sigma sigma B AK3. can be used for the manufacture of pressure vessels steel plate following th