(word完整版)情态动词用法归纳,推荐文档

1、情态动词用法归纳情态动词有 can （could）, may （might）, must, have to, shall （should, will （would）, dare （dared）, need （needed）, ought to 等。 情态动词 无人称和数的变化； 不能单独使用，必须 与其后的 动词原形 构成 谓语一、can, could1）can, could 表示 能力（体力、知识、技能） 。 Can you lift this heavy box? （体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识）Can you skate?（技能）此时可用 b

2、e able to 代替。用 be able to 改写上面三个句子。 Can 只有一般现在时（ can） 和一般过去式（ could）； 而 be able to 则有 更多的时态。am/is/are able to（ 一般现在时 ）：I am able to do this job, 其它几个自己改写was/were able to（ 一般过去式 ）: He was able to do this jobwill be able to（ 一般将来时 ）：I will（won t） be able to do this job this afternoonI ll nobt e able t

3、o come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如：He cant swim,but he is able to cross the river.2）can, could 表示 请求 和允许。 C a n I go now? =May I go now? Yes, you can. / No, you can =Yet.s,you may./No,you may not.此时可与 may 互换。在 疑问句 中还可用 could, might 代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。 Could I com

4、e to see you tomorrow? Yes, you can. （ No, I m afraid no）t.3）表示 客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力） 。They ve changed the timtaeble, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4）表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度） ， 用于疑问句、否定句 和感叹句 中。Can this be true?This canbte done by him.How can this be true?二、may, might1）表示 请

5、求 和允许。 might 比 may 语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustn t表示不可以，禁止”。Might/ May I smoke in this room? No, you mustn .t May/Might I take this book out of the room? Yes, you can. （No, you can t / mustn . ）t用 May I. ？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用 Can I. ？在口语中更常见。2）用于 祈使句， 表示祝愿。May you succeed!3）表示推测、可能性 （不用于 疑问句 ）。 might

6、不是 过去式 ，它所表示的可能性比 may 小。1He may /might be very busy now.2Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、must, have to1) 表示 必须、必要 。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用 mustnt(禁止，不准)，而用needn t, don t have to不必). Must we hand in our exercise books today? Yes, you must. No, you donthave to / you need

7、n t.2) must 是说话人的 主观看法， 而 have to 则强调 客观需要。 Must 只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。1 he play isntinteresting, I really must go now.2 I had to work when I was your age.3) 表示 推测、可能性 (只用于肯定的陈述句)1 Youre Tomsgood friend, so you must know what he likes best.2 Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、dare, need1)

8、 dare 作情态动词用时 , 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中 , 过去式形式为 dared。1 How dare you say Im unfair?2 He daren t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?3 If we dared not go there that day， we couldn t get the beautiful flowers.2) need作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。1You needn ctome so earl

9、y.2. Need I finish the work today? Yes, you must. / No, you needn .t3) dare 和 need 作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中， dare 后面常接带 to 的不定式。在疑 问句和否定句中， dare 后面可接带 to 或不带 to 的不定式。而 need 后面只能接带 to 的不定式。1. I dare to swim across this river.2. He doesn t dare(to) answer.3. He needs to finish his homework today.五、s

10、hall, should1) shall 用于 第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?2) shall 用于第二、三人称 ，表示说话人 给对方的 命令、警告、允诺或威胁 。1. You shall fail if you don t work警Otd)(2. He shall have the book when I finish it.( 允诺 )3. He shall be punished.(威 胁)六、will, would1) 表示 请求、建议 等， would 更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball

11、, please?2) 表示意志、愿望 和决心 。1. I will never do that again.2. They asked him if he would go abroad.3) would 表示过去反复发生的动作 或某种倾向 。 would 表示过去习惯 时比 used to 正式，且没有“现已无此习惯” 的含义。1. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2. The wound would not heal.4) 表示 估计 和猜想 。It would be about ten o clock whe

12、n she left home.七、should, ought to1) should, ought to表示应该” ,ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。1. I should help her because she is in trouble. 2. You ought to take care of the baby.2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。 should, ought to 可通用，但在 疑问句 中常用 should 。1. You should / ought to go to class right away. 2. Should I open the wi

13、ndow?3) 表示 推测 should , ought to ( 客观推测 ), must( 主观推测 )。1.He must be home by now.(断定他已至U家 ) 2.He ought to /should be home by now.(不太肯定)3. This is where the oil must be.(直爽)4. This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)八、情态动词 +不定式完成式( have done )1) can / could + have done 在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上能做某事” ，是虚拟

14、语气 ；在疑问句或否定句中 表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定 , 表示 推测 。1. You could have done better, but you didn ttry your best. (虚拟语气)2. He canhave been to that town.(推测)3. Can he have got the book?(推测)2) may / might + 不定式完成式( have done)表示对过去行为的 推测 。不能用于 疑问句 中，没有 虚拟语气 的用法。 Might 所表示的可能性比 may 小。1. He may not have finished the wor

15、k . 2If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.3) must + 不定式完成式( have done)用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的 推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，cant代替。参看1) can / could + have done 表示 推测 。1. You must have seen the film Titanic .2 He must have been to Shanghai.4) should + 不定式完成式( have done)用于肯定句 中，表示对过去行为的 推

16、测。 He should have finished the work by now。表示“ 本应该做而实际上没有做某事 ”，其否定式表示某种行为 本不该发生却发生了 。可以与 ought to +不定式完 成式( have done) 互换。1. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn t.)2. She shouldn t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.5) needn + 不定式完成式(have done)表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事

17、” 。 You needn t have wateredthe flowers, for it is going to rain.6) will + 不定式完成式( have done )主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的 推测。 He will have arrived by now情态动词也可以和动词进行形式或完成进行形式构成谓语：表示应当正在”,想必正在”的意思Why should we be sitting here doing nothing?She might still be thinking about the question you raised.He can

18、t be swimming in such weather.At the moment she may (might) be playing with her schoolmates.We neednt be standing here in the rain. We might take shelter in the hut over there.情态动词间或也可以和一个动词的完成进行形式构成谓语，表示应当一直在 ”,想必一直在”这类意思。【例如】They are sweating all over. They must have been working in the fields.The

19、y may have been discussing the problem this morning.She couldnt have been swimming all day.情态动词部分练习题1) You all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thingA) neednt have washed B) shouldnt have washed C) must not have washed D) can not have washed2) Johns score on the test is th

20、e highest in the class; he last night.A) should study B) should have studied C) must have studied D) must have to study3) The room is in a terrible mess; it cleaned. (CET-4, 1996,6)A) cant have been B) shouldnt have been C) mustnt have been D) wouldnt have been4) Nobody knows how people first came t

21、o these islands. They from South America on rafts.A) must have sailedB) can sail C) might have sailedD) should have sailed5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She in her classroom.A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be6) Bob said he was going to join our club bu

22、t he didnt. He his mind.A) cant have changed B) wouldnt have changed C) must have changed D) shouldnt have changed7) You to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.A) neednt goB) had better not goC) should not goD) neednt have gone8) We the letter yesterday, but it didnt arrive.A) m

23、ust receive B) ought to receiveC) must have receivedD) ought to have received9) With all the work on hand, he to the cinema last night.A) mustnt goB) shouldnt have goneC) could not goD) couldnt have gone10) Eve was late for class again. She earlier.A) should get up B) must get upC) need to get upD)

24、should have got up11) I am feeling sick. I so much chocolate.A) neednt have eate B) couldnt have eatenC) mustnt have eatenD) shouldnt have eaten12) I didnt send out my application form last week, but I .A) hadB) would doC) should haveD) might have to13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John wa

25、s scared. He thought he Tom to go with him.A) might have askedB) should asked C) must have askedD) should have asked14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I there earlier.A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get15) The road was muddy. It last night.A) mu

26、st rained B) must have rainedC) must be rainedD) could have rained16) She can speak quite fluent English. She.A) must been in the U.S.A. for some timeB) must have been in the U.S.A. for some timeC) should have been in the U.S.A. for some timeD) May be in the U.S.A. for some time17) You should bear i

27、n mind that he is not so strong as heA) was used to beB) used to be C) was used to D) use to18) “We didnt see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He _it. ”A) mustnt visitB) cant have visitedC) should have gone to seD) may see19) Mary my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.A) should hav

28、e receivedB) has receivedC) Couldnt have receivedD) ought to have received1220) I you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.A) would have liked to giveB) liked to giveC) have liked to giveD) would like to give21) “Where my umbrella? ”“Somebody it away by mistake. ”A) is, mus

29、t have taken B) is, must takeC) have been, must takeD) is, takes22) What would happen if the director knew you felt that way?A) will you supposeB) you suppose C) do you suppose D) you would suppose23) Two eyes see more than one.A) can B) may C) will D) should24) you continue in your efforts and achi

30、eve new and greater successes.A) WouldB) WillC) MayD) Should25) We ought to help each other in our work, ?A) oughtnt we B) should weC) shouldnt weD) ought to we26) Tom better than to ask Dick for help.A) shall knowB) shouldnt knowC) has knownD) should have known27) You your tooth pulled out before i

31、t rot completely.A) had better got B) had to get better C) had better to getD) had better get28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasnt started yet, so we .A) neednt hurryB) didnt need hurryC) neednt to hurry D) neednt have hurried29) It was really very dangerous; you him seriously.A) might have

32、injured B) could injure C) should have injuredD) must injure30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he continue the work.A) neednt B) may not C) mustntD) cant31) An Englishman who not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.A) must B) could C) may D) might32) I like to make a suggestion.A) co

33、uld B) would C) mustD) might33) I know things are hard with you, but you try to get over the difficulties.A) can B) may C) mustD) ought34 I cant find the recorder in the room. It by somebody.A) may have been taken awayB) may leave C) may take awayD) must have taken away35) He the 9:20 train because

34、he didnt leave home till 9:25.A) can reachB) could catchC) may not catchD) couldnt have caught情态动词部分练习题答案1)A 2)C 3)A 4)C 5)B 6)C 7)D 8)D 9)D 10)D11)D 12)C 13)D 14)B 15)B 16)B 17)B 18)C 19)C 20)A21)A 22)C 23)A 24)C 25)A 26)D 27)D 28)D 29)A 30)C31)B 32)B 33)C 34)A 35)D情态动词专项练习I. 单项选择1.I thought youlik

35、e something to read, so I have brought you some books.A. may B. might C. couldD. mustto the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A. neednt to come B. dont need come C. dont need coming2. YouD. neednt come3. Heyou more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have givenB.

36、 might giveC. may have givenD. may give4.I help you with some shoes, madam? Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones. A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must5. The reason why theyleave wasnt explained to us. A. had B. had toC. must D. might6. I searched for my wallet and it wasnt there. I thought Iit a

37、t home. A. left B. have left C. might have left D. could have left7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.A. could have fallen B. should have fallenC. must have fallen D. mustnt have fallenreturn to their school.8. The only thing that really matters to th

38、e children is how soon they A. can B. must C. have to D. ought to9. I want to go to the chemists, but yougo with me. A. need notB. must notC. need D. must10. I thought it over, butA. canB. could11. What weA. canB. couldcome to no conclusion. C. shouldD. wouldget seems better than what we have. C. ca

39、ntD. Couldn t12. My goodness! Ive just missed the train.Thats too bad. I am sure youA. could have caughtB. had caugh13. Look! What youve done! YouA. may be B. had to C. should have been14. I repeat the question? A. Shall B. Will C. Do you want that15. Professor Li, many students want to see you.A. D

40、o B. WillC. ShallD. Areit, if you had hurried. C. would catchD. could catchmore careful. D. would beD. Dothey wait here or outside!16. Youread that book if you dont want to. A. haventB. cantC. mustntD. neednt17. Johnny, youA. wont; cantplay with the knife; youB. cant; shouldnt C. shouldnt; musthurt

41、yourself.D. mustnt; may18. Its nearly seven oclock. JackA. must B. need C. canbe here at any moment. D. should19. There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. Ita comfortable journey.A. cant beB. shouldnt beC. couldnt have beenD. mustnt have been20. Tom ought not tome

42、 your secret, but he meant no harm.A. have toldB. tell C. be tellingC. having told21. Everyone is here.we start the meeting? A. CanB. MustC. ShouldD. Shall22. I parked my car right here but now its gone. ItA. must be stolenB. may be stolenC. must have stolenD. must have been stolen23. HeA. must have

43、 finishedB. need have finishedC. finishedD. should have finished24. He did not pass the examination. As a good student, he.A. mustnt have failed B. may not have failedC. neednt have failed D. shouldnt have failed25.it be true that Albert passed the test in geography? A. MayB. shouldC. CouldD. would2

44、6. Youlead a horse to the water but younot make it drink.A. will; canB. may; canC. may; dareD. dare; canthe work yesterday, but he didnt.27. Must we finish the composition in class?No, youA. needntB. mustnt C. wontD. shouldnt. 28. Her eyes were red. SheD. may cryA. must cry B. must be cried C. must

45、have been crying29. MaryA. has receiveB. must receiveC. couldnt have received D. shouldnt have received30. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps Ifor her. A. had to write it outB. must have written it outC. should have written it outD. ought to write it outn.用所给动词的适当形式填空Hello. Gerry speaking.Hel

46、lo, Gerry. Its me John here. Why arent you here at the meeting?Well, Im terribly sorry, but Im not feeling very well.Is that all? We thought you might(have) an accidentor(forget) the day or something.No, Im sorry. I was sick all night. I think it must Well, I think you shouldat least(be) the fish I ate last night.(phone) Kate and(tell) her you weren