2019年高考英语代词语法必考考点

1、2019年高考英语代词语法必考考点 (名师解读必考语法+实战真题，建议下载练习)【考点解读】概述一、人称代词：人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中作主语、表语等成分，宾格在句中作动词、介词宾语、同位语等成分，有时也可作表语。不仅指人，也可指物，有人称和数的变化。【注意】在连词than和as引导的比较状语从句中常常省略从句，只保留人称代词，人称代词作主语时要用主格，在口语中也常用宾格；但当人称代词后有动词时就必须用主格。如：My sister speaks English as well as me/I. (口语中常用me)My sister speaks English as well as

2、I do. (此时只能用I)二、物主代词：1物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，必须与所指的名词在人称、数和性别方面保持一致。如：The waiters offered their food to the homeless man.【注意】单数阳性名词和单数阴性名词连用作主语时，如果前面有every，each修饰，谓语动词用单数，代词用his。如：Each boy and each girl wants to lend his raincoat to the soldiers.2. 形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，只能作名词或动名词的定语。e.g. This is our classr

3、oom.Would you mind my opening the window?3. 名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”，可单独作主语、宾语、表语。此外，名词性物主代词还可与名词及of连用，构成双重所有格。如：This is her coat. Mine is over there.Some friends of mine will attend my birthday party. 三、反身代词：1. 反身代词通常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce, seat, dress, express, amuse, behave等动词和by, for,

4、 to, of等介词后作宾语。如：He was left at home by himself the whole day yesterday. 2. 反身代词可以作主语的同位语，主要起加强语气的作用，意为“亲自，本人，亲身”。e.g. The teacher and pupils mended the road themselves. 3. 反身代词可以在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态处于正常。e.g. You look pale. Whats wrong with you?Im not feeling myself today, not ser

5、ious, though. 注意(1)反身代词本身不能单独作主语。(正) I myself drove the car.我自己开车。(误) Myself drove the car.(2) 在由and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself作主语。e.g. Charles and myself saw it. (3) 在不强调的情况下，but, except, for等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词均可。e.g. No one but myself/me is hurt.4. 反身代词的习惯搭配 (1) 介词+反身代词for oneself 为自己；亲自地

6、to oneself 对自己；独用of oneself 自动地by oneself 独自地(2) 动词反身代词 dress oneself 自己穿衣make oneself at home 不要客气seat oneself=be seated 就坐teach oneself 自学come to oneself 苏醒devote oneself to = be devoted to 致力于enjoy oneself 过得愉快，玩得高兴help oneself to 自行取用，请自便accustom oneself to=be accustomed to 习惯于amuse oneself 消遣，自

7、娱behave oneself 表现良好apply oneself to sth. 致力于explain oneself 说明自己的意图express oneself 表达自己的思想abandon oneself to 沉迷于，放纵四、指示代词：1. 指上文提到的事物，一般用that，有时也用this；指下文将要提到的事物，常用this或these。如：He said I was lying, and that was unfair. (that指代上文He said I was lying)What I want you to remember is this：Practise makes

8、perfect. (此句中this指代下文，不能换为that)2. that/those可作定语从句的先行词，但this/these不能；其中those可指人，但that不能。如：She has known that which she wanted to know.I admire those who are always helping others. (those作定语从句的先行词，指人)五、相互代词：相互代词是表示相互关系的代词，只有each other和one another两个词组，都表示“互相，相互”。1. each other和one another在句中可以作动词或介词的宾语

9、。如：Lets help each other and learn from each other.They looked at one another and laughed.2. 作定语时each other和one another须用所有格，表示“彼此的”。如：We said hello to one anothers/each others family.六、疑问代词：1. 疑问代词后接ever的用法。(1) whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever表泛指，意为“无论”。如：You have our support, whatever you decide

10、.Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.I dont want to see them, whoever they are.(2) 置于疑问代词后，用于加强语气。如：Whatever do you mean?Whoever heard of such a thing!2. 疑问代词的单复数形式要由所代表的人或事物的单复数形式来确定，如果不清楚代表的人或物是复数还是单数，则谓语动词多用单数形式。who/what/which作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数形式，也可以用复数形式。如：What he needs most is his

11、mothers love.What we need are good books.七、复合不定代词：1. 修饰不定代词的形容词应后置。e.g. Is there anything wrong with my car?2. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词往往用第三人称单数形式。3. 复合不定代词构成的固定短语：anything but根本不，一点也不nothing but只不过do nothing but 只有，除之外什么事也不做have something/nothing to do with 与有/无关something of有点，有几分八、全部否定与部分否定：由some和any构成的不定代

12、词的用法与some和any的用法基本一致。all, both, everyone, everybody, everything以及“every名词”都表示全部肯定；no one, none, nobody, nothing, not.any以及“no名词”都表示全部否定；但当not出现在含有全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在它们之前还是在它们之后都表示部分否定。此外not与总括性副词如everywhere, always, wholly, altogether等连用时也表示部分否定。e.g. All of the boys are clever, but none of them can

13、 work out this problem. (all表示全部肯定，none表示全部否定)Such a thing cant be found everywhere. (“noteverywhere”表示部分否定) The exam is very easy, but not all of the students can pass it. (“notall”表示部分否定)九、both, either, neither, each, all, none： both表示两者都，具有肯定含义；either表示两者中的任何一个；neither表示两者都不；each表示两者或两者以上的每一个；all

14、表示全部，指三者或三者以上的人或物，也可笼统地表示“一切，所有”；none表示三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定，与of连用或用来回答how many / much的提问。十、it作人称代词：在特定的环境中，it也可指人，如指婴儿、性别不详或身份不明的人。e.g. The baby stopped crying as soon as it saw the woman.Who is it?Its me.十一、it作形式主语或形式宾语：it可以作形式主语或形式宾语而把真正的主语或宾语后置。1. 用it作形式主语的主语从句结构：(1) It系动词形容词that从句：It is necessary/im

15、portant/surprising/strangethat从句，从句中谓语动词常用“should动词原形”形式，且should可省略。(2) It系动词名词that从句：It is a pity/a shame/good news/a fact/an honour/a wonder/no wonder/our dutythat从句。e.g. Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success. (3) It不及物动词that从句：It seems/happened/turned out /occurs/appearsthat从句。e.g. It

16、 happened that he was out when I called on him.(4) It系动词过去分词that从句：It is said /reported/ announced/ believed/ thought/ well known/ hoped/ pointed out/ found out/ suggested/ ordered/ advised/ requested/ insisted/ required/ demandedthat从句。e.g. Its said that they have succeeded in carrying out this exp

17、eriment.【注意】在“It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/insisted/required/demandedthat从句”结构中，从句要用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可省略。e.g. It is suggested that you (should) spend more time in studying English.(5) 其他句型，如It doesnt matter./It makes no difference.等。e.g. It doesnt matter what you wear, as l

18、ong as you look neat and tidy.It makes no difference to me whether you go or not.2. it作形式宾语的情况:(1)动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，把作为真正宾语的that从句后置。e.g. We make it a rule that we get up at six every day.We all think it important that we should protect the environment

19、 from being polluted.(2) 有些动词接宾语从句时，需在动词和从句间加it。这些动词有：hate, appreciate, take, owe, have, like, enjoy, make等。e.g. I take it that you will agree with us.(3) “动词介词itthat”结构。常见的有see to, depend on, rely on等。e.g. I will see to it that everything is ready on time.十二、it可用在强调句型It is/was.that.中：e.g. It was in

20、 the street that I met him yesterday.【注意】it作形式主语和it引导强调句的区别：it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构(特别是谓语较短时)，主语从句的连接词没有变化。it引导的强调句用来对句中某一个成分加以强调，其结构为“It is/was被强调部分that.”。在正式英语中，无论强调什么部分，都要求用连词that，但是在一般情况下，如果被强调的主语是“人”，也可用who/whom。值得注意的是，当被强调部分是状语时，只能用that，不要误用when，where，how等。be动词的时态，可以随着that从句时态的不同而变化。强调句型中去掉I

21、t is/was和that后，句子仍然完整，而it作形式主语的句子则不能。e.g. It is I who am setting off for London next week.It was at six oclock that we arrived at the mountain village.It was at the hotel room that the gentleman had stayed.十三、it的特殊用法：1. 指代时间、距离、自然现象(天气)等。e.g. It is half past two now. (指时间)It is 6 miles to the neares

22、t hospital. (指距离)A lovely day, isnt it? (指天气)2. 指环境情况等。 e.g. It is very noisy at the moment.3. 用于某些习语搭配。make it及时赶到；成功完成catch it受处罚，被责骂代词在近几年高考试题中的复现率为100%，每年至少测试一道题。测试代词常用对话、填空或改错形式，构成特定语境，考查考生灵活运用代词的能力。代词指代的范围、作主语时主谓一致的用法、易混不定代词的细微差别都是高考的必考点。其中考查不定代词one，the one，ones与that，those，it的用法区别最为常见。考点一、考查on

23、e(s), that, those, it的用法。 one泛指一个人或物，其复数形式为ones；one和the one作同位语时，如果与其同位的词语是特指，则用the one；如果是泛指，则用one。 that指代前面提到过的名词，常有后置定语，that的复数形式是those，that可指代单数可数名词(= the one), 也可指代不可数名词，或指代前面提到过的一件事。 it可指代前面提到过的一个名词,如例7;指代一件事；指代不明性别的婴儿或不明确的人，也可指代时间、天气、距离等。二、考查all, both, either, neither, none, no one的用法。 both表示

24、“两个人或物都”，具有肯定含义； either表示“两者中的任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”。 all表示“全部”,指三者或三者以上的人或物，all也可笼统地表示“一切,所有”，none表示“三者或三者以上的人或物的全部否定”，在与of连用或回答how many/much的提问时只能用none, no one表示“没有一个人”。三、考查another, the other, others, the others的用法。 another泛指三个或三个以上的人或物中不确定的另一个，another还可以作形容词，表示“另一个的” the other指已知的两个人或物中的另一个 others

25、和“other + 名词”均泛指“别的人或物” the others指“一定范围内其余的人或物”，如果被指代的名词是不可数名词，则用the rest替代。四、考查(a) little, (a) few, some, any的用法。 few和little可用作代词和形容词。 few和a few可以修饰或代替可数名词复数。few有否定含义， a few有肯定含义，little和a little可以修饰或代替不可数名词。little有否定含义，a little含肯定含义。 some和any表示“一些”,可用作代词和形容词? some用于肯定句,例31; any用于否定句?疑问句和条件句中, some

26、也可用于疑问句,如例32和例33; any也可用于肯定陈述句中,表示“任何一个”。五、考查something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, everything, everybody的用法及它们与else的搭配。 由some和any构成的不定代词的用法和some和any的用法基本一致。 nothing和nobody/no one表示全部否定。 无论在肯定句、否定句还是疑问句中, everything和everyone (everybody) 都表示“全部,所有”。 不定代词后跟else时，表示“另

27、外的,其他的”；形容词修饰something/anything/nothing时，应置于不定代词之后。以上不定代词连写时，不和of连用，every one可和of连用。【真题分析】一、单项选择1. (2016浙江) In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _in the UK.A. that B. this C. one D. it【答案】A2. (2015重庆) The meeting will be held in September, but_ knows the date for s

28、ure.A.everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody【答案】B 【解析】考查代词。试题分析：句意：会议将在九月举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。根据but表达转折可知没有人知道，故选B项。3. (2015浙江) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it【答案】D4.

29、(2015天津) The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger schools.A. thatB. oneC. itD. this【答案】A【解析】考查代词。试题分析：句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词 the quality of education，故用代词that。代词和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。5. (2015陕西) To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing o

30、ne bare foot against .A. another B. the other C. other D. either 【答案】B【解析】考查代词。试题分析：句意：为了提醒自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另外一只是the other，所以选B。6. (2015福建) The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but_contained any useful suggestions.A. allB. noneC. eitherD. Neither【答案】D【解析

31、】考查代词辨析。试题分析：考查代词辨析。该句中A. all全部；B. none没有一个；C. either两个中任何一个；D.两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的参考。故选D本题考查副词辨析，要求学生掌握大纲内每个副词的意义及用法。二、单句填空1. (2018全国III卷) When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _68_(they) alive.【答案】them【解析】考查代词。此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。2. (2

32、018全国I卷) If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give_70_a try.【答案】it3. (2018浙江卷) Many westerners _57_ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _58_ can be to eat out.【答案】

33、who/that; it【解析】57考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。58考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。4. (2017全国卷) However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were u

34、sing _ every day.【答案】it【解析】it在这里指代句子的主语the railway。5. (2017浙江高考) Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt _ (I)，” says Pahlsson.【答案】myself【解析】由空格处所在句子的主语I可知应用反身代词作宾语。6. (2016全国卷) On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that h

35、ad been rejected by _ (it) mother.【答案】its【解析】根据空格后的名词及前文中的a lively three-month-old twin可知要用物主代词作定语。7. (2016浙江高考) In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _ in the UK.【答案】that【解析】句意：在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的不是非常的不同。that特指前文中出现的同类异物事物(the education system)。8. (2015重庆高考)The meeti

36、ng will be held in September, but _ knows the date for sure.【答案】nobody【解析】句意：会议将在九月召开，但是没人知道具体日期。句中的关键词为but，表转折，故nobody “没有人”符合句意。9. (2015四川高考) Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge.【答案】none10. (2015福建高考)The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ conta

37、ined any useful suggestions.【答案】neither【解析】句意：这个研究组基于调查制作了两个报告，但是两个都未含有有用的建议。根据句意，表示“两者都不”，用neither。二、单句改错1. (2018全国III卷) I had done myself homework but I was shy.【答案】myselfmy【解析】考查代词错误。句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。2. (2018全国II卷) They would say to us that playing card games would he

38、lp my brain.【答案】usme【解析】考查代词。句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。3. (2017全国卷) About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school . This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.【答案】yourmy【解析】此处意为“这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的许多

39、快乐的记忆”，故应该使用代词my。4. (2016全国卷) If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books. 【答案】yourour5. (2016全国卷) At first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. 【答案】yourselfmyself【解析】根据语境可知，此处指“我自己做决定”，故应用myself。6. (2016四川卷) When he c

40、ame back, I found a bunch of flowers in her hand.【答案】herhis【解析】由前面的“When he came back”可知，这束花是在“他的(his)”手里。7. (2015全国卷) Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.【答案】saw后加his【解析】根据语境及英语表达习惯，应当在parents前加上与主语Tony相一致的物主代词his。8 (2015浙江卷) Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around th

41、em.【答案】themit【解析】a beautiful park为单数，故应用it指代。【对点测试】一、单项选择1. (2018江苏扬州中学) A child should be receiving either meat or eggs daily, preferably _.A. neither B. none C. either D. both【答案】D【解析】考查代词。句意：孩子应该每日食用肉类或蛋类，最好两种都吃。A. neither两个都不；B. none没有人；一个也没有；没有任何东西；C. either两个中任意一个；D. both两个都。根据语境判断是“两者都”，故选D。2

42、. (2018江苏无锡一中) What is the psychology behind your mindless scribbles (涂鸦)? If your flower, for example, has a large circular center, _ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life.A. which B. as C. this D. such【答案】C3. (2018江苏泰州中学) Visitors took all the trouble with all well arranged

43、by the travel agency.A. for everything B. for something C. for nothing D. for anything【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词。句意：旅行社把一切安排得很好，来访者把所有的麻烦都看成是免费的。for nothing免费，故选C。4. (2018江苏泰州中学 ) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking

44、 you?A. them B. one C. those D. it【答案】D【解析】考查代词It。试题分析：句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句(and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like_.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。5. (2018南京师大附中) If you see things in a negative light, you will find faults eve

45、rywhere and problems where there are really _A. none B. some C. many D. nothing【答案】A【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：如果你用消极的眼光看待事物，你会发现到处都是错误，到处都是问题。A. none没有任何东西；B. some一些；C. many许多；D. nothing无事，无物。此处指没有问题的地方也有问题，故选A.6. (2018 江苏常熟中学) How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came in

46、to the room and just shut It off without asking you?A. them B. one C. those D. it【答案】D7. (2018 北京人大附中) To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his boss and then of his colleagues.A. one B. ones C. that D. those【答案】C【解析】考查代词。句意：让他高兴的是，汤姆很快就获得了女朋友的信任，然后是她父母的信任。根据句意可知此处指代名词不可数名词trust，用that。故选C。

47、8. (2018 北京精华学校) I wanted to give you some bread, but _ was left.A. neither B. nothing C. none D. no one【答案】C【解析】考查不定代词。句意：我想给你一些面包，但是没有剩下。neither表两者都不，nothing表示什么东西也没有，none可以指没有一个(事物)，也可指没有一个人。no one只能指没有一个人，故选C。9. (2018 天津南开中学) Clothing made of man-made fibers has certain advantages over _ made of

48、 natural fibers like cotton, wool or silk.A. this B. one C. that D. what【答案】C【解析】考查代词：句意：人造纤维的衣服比天然纤维，比如：棉花，羊毛或丝绸制作的衣服有一定的好处。这里填的代词是泛指不可数名词Clothing，用that是特指可数名词单数或不可数名词，而且后面还有后置定语，one是泛指前面的可数名词单数，the ones特指前面的可数名词复数，what可以引导名词性从句， 故选C。【点睛】代词首先要弄清它指代的是什么，指代的数量，指代可数名词单数还是不可数名词，泛指还是特指，结合句意和代词本身的用法，再进行辨

49、析 10. (2018天津耀华中学 ) - Ive read another book this week.-Well, maybe _ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.A. this B. that C. there D. it【答案】D二、单句填空1. (2018) Another teacher told him she was giving him a good mark not only because he had earned _49_ but because she liked his coat.【答

50、案】it【解析】C考查代词：it代指前面的a good mark。故填it。2. (2018江苏无锡一中) What is the psychology behind your mindless scribbles (涂鸦)? If your flower, for example, has a large circular center, _ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life.A. which B. as C. this D. such【答案】C【解析】考查代词。句意：信手涂鸦背后反映了什么心理？例如，如

51、果你画的花朵有一个大大的圆心，这表明你充满自信，社交生活愉快。if引导条件状语从句，因此“_ expresses confidence and the enjoyment of a good social life”是主句，无须连词，which和as是连词，故A、B不正确；this指代上文提到的事情；such表示“诸如此类的人或事”。根据语境，故选C。3. (2018山西大同一中) When the children were asked to read aloud to a dog and _50_ trainer, they were less upset.【答案】its【解析】考查形容词

52、性物主代词。句意：当孩子们被要求大声朗读给狗和它的训练员时，他们就不那么沮丧了。此处指“狗的训练员”，故答案为its。4. (2018河北武邑中学) It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under _69_ (they) control.【答案】their5. (2018 河北衡水中学)The road _45_（it）has already been completed, and now its only a matter of connecting the grid（输电网）, 【

53、答案】itself【解析】考查反身代词。道路本身已经完成。此处用itself做同位语，故答案为itself。6. (2018 杭州外国语学校) She checked our work stamping her name at the bottom of the papers to show that she had read _23_.【答案】them【解析】考查代词。此处指代上文提到的the papers，用人称代词的复数them。故填them。7. (2018 江西临川一中) Thats the sound of a seat belt locking in place. Seat be

54、lts save lives and thats a fact. Thats why I dont drive anywhere until _41_ (I) is on tight.【答案】mine【解析】考查代词。上文讲述了安全带的重要性，因此推断句意：这就是为什么直到我们的安全带仅仅系上我们才去某地。mine相当于my seat belt，是名词性物主代词。故填mine。8. (2018全国名校联盟) Hope these measures will protect our wetlands, and the day will come back when _50_ hear aquat

55、ic birds singing near our cities.【答案】we【解析】考查代词。根据前文的Hope these measures will protect our wetlands,中的our可知后句用we，做主语。9. (2018广东顺德李兆基中学) To protect _43_ (you), it is important to learn the basic characteristic of fire. In less than 30 seconds, a small flame can get completely out of control and turn into a major fire.【答案】yourself【解析】考查代词。句意：为了保护你自己，了解火的基本特征是必需的。根据语境，应该使用反身代词，故填yourself。10. (2018浙江杭州市模拟) During the winter, they remind_41_ ( they ),” This wont last long and we will soon be out of here.”【答案】themselves【解析】考查代