2022届高考英语一轮总复习专题十一主谓一致和特殊句式二特殊句式学案含解析新人教版

1、特殊句式 考点一倒装(一)完全倒装1表示方向、地点和时间的副词、介词短语置于句首时用完全倒装。常见的有：there，here，in，out，away，up，down，from，off，back，over，then，now，in the room，on the wall等。Here comes the bus车来了。In rushed the angry man那个生气的男人冲了进来。Now is your turn现在轮到你了。In front of the school gate is a big beautiful garden学校门前是一个漂亮的大花园。特别提示：主语为代词时不倒装。Ou

2、t they rushed他们冲了出去。2表语连系动词主语(表语是形容词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词等)Present at the meeting were Professor White，Professor Smith and many other guests出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授，还有许多其他客人。Such are the facts; no one can deny them这些就是事实，没有人可以否认。(二)部分倒装1“only状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时，句子或者主句要用部分倒装。Only then did he realize that he

3、 had lost his way直到那时他才意识到自己迷路了。Only when he returned did we find out the truth唯有他回来，我们才能弄明白事实。2具有否定意义的副词或短语如not，nor，neither，never，seldom，rarely，hardly，little，by no means，at no time，in no way，under no circumstances等位于句首时，句子用部分倒装。Seldom had he seen a child with so much talent他以前难得见过如此有天赋的孩子。By no mea

4、ns shall we give up我们绝不会放弃。3在以下几个固定句式结构中，句子使用部分倒装。(1)sobe/助动词/情态动词主语They love having lots of friendsSo do those with disabilities他们喜欢拥有许多朋友，残疾人也是如此。特别提示：so表示“是的，确实”，重复上文，表示赞同对方的观点时，主谓语不倒装。It is too hot天太热了。So it is是啊，的确很热。(2)neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语I dont know who he is，nor do I want to know我不知道他是谁，

5、我也不想知道。(3)在such/sothat 结构中，“so/such被修饰词”位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。So fast did he run that he was far ahead of others他跑得很快，远远领先于其他人。(4)neithernor结构位于两个分句的句首时，用部分倒装。Neither do I know it，nor do I care about it我不知道这件事，我也不在乎。(5)在not only but (also)结构中，not only位于句首时，第一个分句用部分倒装。Not only do I like painting，but I (also)

6、 take a course我不但喜欢画画，而且还上了绘画课。特别提示：此结构连接主语时不倒装。Not only he but also his parents are sick不但他而且他父母也病了。(6)not until 位于句首时，句子或主句用部分倒装。Not until my son had entered the university did he realize the importance of time直到我儿子上了大学他才意识到时间的重要性。(7)在hardlywhen/no soonerthan结构中，hardly/no sooner位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。Hardl

7、y had she sat down when she heard someone knocking at the door她一坐下就听到有人敲门。No sooner had she stepped out of the house than it began to rain她刚踏出家门天就下起雨来。特别提示：这两个结构都要求主句谓语用过去完成时。(8)as/though引导的让步状语从句可以将句中状语、表语、动词原形提到句首构成部分倒装。Pretty as/though she is，she is not proud尽管她很漂亮，但她一点也不自负。Try as he would，he mig

8、ht fail again尽管他还会尝试，但可能还会失败。特别提示：单数可数名词表语提前时，省略其前的不定冠词。Child as he is，he knows a lot虽然他还是个孩子，但他懂得很多。(9)虚拟条件句若有had，were，should时，可省略if，从句用部分倒装。Were I you，I would take his advice如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。Should it rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off如果明天下雨，运动会将会推迟。 考点二省略1状语从句的省略(1)在when，while，whenev

9、er，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if，though，as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而从句的主语又与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it 时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。While (we were) walking，we met our old friend Jack我们散步时碰到了老朋友杰克。(2)if so，if any，if possible，if necessary，if not 已看作固定搭配。If (it is) necessary，ask MrWang to help you如果有必要，找王先生帮你。Errors，if (there

10、 are) any，should be corrected如果有什么错误，就应该改正。2不定式的省略(1)在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。I shall go if I want to如果我想去就去。(2)若被省略的不定式结构中含有be，have，have been，通常应保留这些词。He hasnt finished yet他还没完成。Well，he ought to have哦，他该完成了。 考点三强调句型1强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。It is only

11、children who will make such stupid mistakes只有孩子才会犯这样愚蠢的错误。2强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前，特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat其他部分”。Was it in this market that you bought the TV?你是在这个市场买的电视吗？Where was it that he got the information?他是从哪里弄到这个信息的？特别提示：强调句型不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词，用“助动词do，does或did动词原形”，意为“的确；真的；务必”。Do sit down务

12、必请坐。He did say that he would help me他的确说过他会帮我的。 考点四there be结构1there be结构的谓语形式there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be，happen to be，be likely to be 或remain，stand，lie，go，exist，follow，live，come，occur 等替换。There seems to be something wrong with the machine机器好像出了点问题。There is likely to be an important meeting tomo

13、rrow明天很可能会有一个重要的会议。Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple从前，那座庙里住着一个老和尚。2there be结构的非谓语形式What is the chance of there being an election this year?今年举行选举的可能性有多大？(there be的动词-ing形式作介词 of的宾语)I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。(there be的动词不定式结构作动词expect的复

14、合宾语) 考点五感叹句感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。1what 引导的感叹句Whata/anadj可数名词单数主语谓语！Whatadj可数名词复数/不可数名词主语谓语！What a strange plant！Ive never seen it before这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。What lovely children they are!他们是多么可爱的孩子啊！2how 引导的感叹句Howadja/an可数名词单数主语谓语！Howadj/adv主语谓语！How主语谓语！How interesting a story it is!What an interesting sto

15、ry it is!这是多么有趣的一个故事啊！How time flies!时间过得真快啊！难点释疑 强调句型与其他结构相似的复合句的区别1与含主语从句的主从复合句的区别It is true that they are going to visit the Great Wall next month他们打算下个月去参观长城，这是真的。It is the Great Wall that they are going to visit他们打算去参观的地方是长城。第一句是一个主从复合句，其中It是形式主语；that引导的是主语从句，that没有任何意义，在从句中不作任何成分；第二句是强调句，强调的是宾

16、语the Great Wall，It is和that没有任何意义，只是用来构成强调句型的基本框架。2与含定语从句的主从复合句的区别 It is a question that needs careful consideration 这是一个需要仔细考虑的问题。 It is novels that William enjoys reading威廉喜欢读的是小说。第一句是一个主从复合句，其中that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词a question，that在从句中作主语，It在主句中作主语；第二句是强调句，强调的是宾语novels，It is和that没有任何意义，只是用来构成强调句型的基本框架。

17、3与含状语从句的主从复合句的区别(1)与“It is/was时间名词when”的区别It was 6 oclock when I got up today今天我起床时6点了。It was at 6 oclock that I got up today今天我在6点起的床。第一句是主从复合句，It指时间，when引导时间状语从句，时间名词前无介词；第二句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语at 6 oclock，It was和that无实际意义。(2)与“It is/was时间段since”的区别It is two years since I taught English我不教英语两年了。It is tw

18、o years since I began to teach English我教英语已经两年了。It is two hours that he spends on English every day他每天花两个小时学英语。前两个句子是“It is时间段since”句型，since引导时间状语从句。若since和延续性动词连用，该句型的意思是“不做某事已有时间了”；若since和非延续性动词连用，该句型的意思是“做某事已有时间了”。since引导的从句常用一般过去时。第三个句子是强调句，强调的是宾语two hours。(3)与“It was时间段before”的区别It was two year

19、s before he came back from abroad过了两年他才回国。It was two years later that he came back from abroad他是两年后回国的。第一句中的It指时间，before引导的是时间状语从句；第二句为强调句，强调的是时间状语two years later。解题策略 策略一固定句式思维法考生要养成看到以it开头的句子，就要考虑强调句型的思维模式，把强调结构排除之后再考虑需要用的其他连接词。【典例】Could it be in the restaurant _where_ you had dinner with me yeste

20、rday _that_ you lost your hand bag?解析：句意：你会不会把手提包丢在昨天我们一起吃晚饭的饭店里了？第一空用where引导定语从句，where在从句中作地点状语；第二空用that构成强调句型的基本框架。故答案为where；that。策略二标志识别法 解答倒装类题目的关键是判断出句子是否具备使用倒装的条件。1看句首是否有表示否定意义或半否定意义的词或短语，是否有only所修饰的状语(从句)，是否有so修饰的形容词或副词以及not until，not only等。【典例】Not until the motorbike looked almost new _did_

21、he stop repairing and cleaning it解析：not until位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装；再结合“looked”可知时态为一般过去时，故此处填助动词did。2看句首是否有表示方位或方向的词或短语，且主语是否为名词，或结合题干的句子结构看是不是分词等置于句首，若是，则用完全倒装。【典例】 Just in front of our house _stands_ (stand) a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years解析表示地点的介词短语Just in front of our house置于句首，且句子的主语为名词，句子要用

22、完全倒装，即主语a tall tree要放在谓语之后。本空应填stands。易错聚焦 1主谓不一致2运用中出现语法错误达标检测单句语法填空1(2020新高考卷)Often, only a small part of a museums collection _is_ (be) on display Most of it is stored away or used for research解析：考查主谓一致。句意：通常，博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实，应使用一般现在时，主语a small part of a museums collection是单数概念，谓语动词应使用第三人称

23、单数形式，且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research中的is也是提示。故填is。2(2020新课标卷)“This really excites scientists，” Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it _means_ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed”解析：考查主谓一致。根据上文“This really exc

24、ites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时；主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means。故填means。3(2020江苏卷改编)If you look at all sides of the situation, youll find probably a solution that _suits_ everyone解析：考查动词主谓一致。句意：如果你从各个方面看问题，你可能会找到一个适合每个人的解决方案。句子描述的客观事实，应使用一般现在时；此处是定语从句谓语动词，先行词是a solution，从句谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故填suits。4(2020新

25、课标卷)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _carries_ (carry) special significance解析：考查主谓一致。句意：这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。这是一个表语从句，从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填carries。5(全国)It could be anythinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, _

26、make_(make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about解析：第二个破折号之后为but连接的并列句，whatever it is是让步状语从句，主句为祈使句，所缺词是主句的谓语动词，应使用动词原形。故填make。6(湖南)It was when we were returning home _that_ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble解析：分析句子结构可知此句为强调

27、句，并且强调的是时间状语，故用that。7(2019全国I卷)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _are_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data解析：考查主谓一致。句意：在已经确认的19个北极熊亚种群中，有3个在减少，6个稳定，1个在增加，9个缺乏足够的数据。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用

28、复数谓语，一般现在时。故填are。8(全国卷)Fast food _is_(be) full of fat and salt; by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet解析：根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填 be的第三人称单数形式is。单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)1(2020新课标卷)My dad dont like the soup and I dont enjoy apples_第一个dont

29、改成doesnt_解析：考查主谓一致。句意：我爸爸不喜欢汤，我也不喜欢苹果。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时。主语my dad是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，所以dont改成doesnt。2(陕西)I couldnt believe my lucknot only did I had my photo taken with him, but he signed his name on my shirt!_hadhave_解析：考查倒装句的谓语结构，“did主语动词原形”，故had应改为have。3(浙江卷)After we left, I said, “That was very nic

30、e of you, Mother But I didnt think she looked like Grandma”“Neither did me，” said Mother cheerfully_meI_解析：“neither助动词主语”结构中，主语应该用主格形式，故me应改为I。4(浙江)He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us_waswere_解析：who引导的宾语从句中主语是we，谓语应用复数。5(辽宁)Hard work have made him very ill_havehas_解析：work为不可数名词，谓语动词用单

31、数。6(陕西)Finally, there were a sudden pull at the pole and a fish was caught_werewas_解析：There be句型中be动词应该与其后主语a sudden pull在数上保持一致。7(2018全国卷)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well_includeincludes_解析：考查主谓一致。that作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数includes。语法填空Ou

32、r school library, along with many other buildings, is very different from other schools There _1are_(be) two computer rooms, three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library building The number of the books _2is_ (be) large It was 2,000,000 dollars _3that_ all the books cost our sch

33、ool It is such a large amount of money _4that_ an average family cant afford it，right? But in my view，it is worth it because in the era of knowledge explosion, many students have a thirst for knowledge Our library is also a multifunctional building There are 500 computers in it Many a student _5surf

34、s_ (surf) the Internet at weekends here and now you can see that my classmates, Mike and John, are surfing the Internet _6How_ happy they are! Look! A professor and writer _7is_ (be) delivering a speech in the meeting room Every time there is a wonderful speech, the audience always _8cheer/cheers_ (

35、cheer) up What lovely children they are! Enter our art room _9and_ you will find a teacher with his students is painting in the room On the wall _10are_ (be) about 500 pictures, which attract many students 文章大意：本文为一篇说明文。介绍了学校与众不同的图书馆。解析：1本题考查了There be句型主谓一致问题。There be句型的主谓一致应遵循“就近一致”原则，故本句的谓语动词应与two

36、 computer rooms保持一致。因此填are。2“the number of复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应与the number保持一致，即用动词的单数形式。故填is。3本题考查强调句型。被强调部分为2,000,000 dollars。故填that。4本题考查了“suchthat”句型。句意：这是如此大的一笔钱以至于一个普通家庭负担不起，是不是？故填that。5“many a/an单数名词”作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。故填surfs。6本题考查感叹句。设空后为形容词。故填How。7此处主语a profess or and writer(一位教授兼作家)，指的是一个人。故填is。8th

37、e audience作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。故填cheer/cheers。9本题考查“祈使句and陈述句”，本句型相当于“if从句主句”。句意：走进我们的美术教室，你就会看到一位老师和他的学生们正在教室里画画。故填and。10本题考查倒装句。主语为about 500 pictures。将本句改为正常语序后为：About 500 pictures are on the wall。故填are。短文改错When we were small, the teacher told us that we could help others Offer help to someone who are

38、in need of help is Chinese tradition Today，we are happily to see that people give their hands to the old and the weak, but some negative examples also exist at the same time It has reported that many people saw the woman was jumping off a bridge But they not just took out their cellphones and took picture No one tried to stop her It is a pity what people become so cold-b