(2021年整理)初中现在完成时和过去完成时讲解及综合练习

1、初中现在完成时和过去完成时讲解及综合练习初中现在完成时和过去完成时讲解及综合练习 编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（初中现在完成时和过去完成时讲解及综合练习）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步，以下为初中现在完成时和过去完成时讲解及综合练习的全部内容。一、过去完成时的概念与结构特点 概念：过去完成时表示在

2、过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去（ pastin-the-past ）”.- -|-那时以前 那时 现在 构成:过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 they had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. she had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning。 二、过去完成时的判断依据 1。 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:

3、 （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： i had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night。 （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点.如： we had learned over two thousand english words by the end of last term。 ( 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： they had planted six hundred trees before last wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，

4、是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如: she said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 )状语从句中 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时.如： when i got to the stat

5、ion， the train had already left. after he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意： before， after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时.如: where did you study before you came here? after he closed the door， he left the classroom。 （3）表示意向的动词，如hope, wish， expect,

6、think, intend， mean， suppose等，用过去完成时表示原本，未能 we had hoped that you would come, but you didnt。3。 根据上、下文来判定。 i met wang tao in the street yesterday. we hadnt seen each other since he went to beijing。三、过去完成时的主要用法 1。 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”。如： when i woke up， it had stopped raining.

7、 我醒来时，雨已经停了。(主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”） 2. 过去完成时是一个相对的时态,表示的是“过去的过去”，只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。如: he told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ） 3。 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet , still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before , until 等引导的短语或从句连用.如： before she c

8、ame to china, grace had taught english in a middle school for about five years。 peter had collected more than 300 chinese stamps by the time he was ten。 4。 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始,一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。如： by the end of last year， he had worked in the factory for twenty years. ( had worke

9、d 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能）四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它.试比较： i have learned 1000 english words so far. 到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。 i had learned 1000 english words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000

10、个英语单词。 im sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了. - oh, not at all. i have been here only a few minutes. 没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在） - john returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的. where had he been？ 他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即“过去的过去”) 五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别 虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应

11、注意以下几点： 1。 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。试比较: they had arrived at the station by ten yesterday。 they arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时.如： she was very happy. her whole family were pleased with her, too. she had ju

12、st won the first in the composition competition. 3。 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时,按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在 before , after ， as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时.如： he entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. i (had） called her before i left the office.英语

13、过去完成时重难点实例讲解要掌握好英语过去完成时，最关键的一点是要掌握它的含义。现在很多的文章在讲解过去完成时的时候，都用了一句流行的说法，叫“过去的过去”。虽然这样的概括点明了过去完成时的要点，但究竟什么才叫“过去的过去”呢?如果不搞清它的含义，只是去记住什么时间状语（如：before, by， until ， when, after等），或者记住哪些动词常用于过去完成时等等,是不能很好掌握过去完成时的.一、重点英语中,已经有了一个过去一般时表示在过去发生的动作，为什么还有过去完成时呢？要记住：过去完成时的关键概念是：假设在过去发生了两件(或以上)的事件，一件是a事件，另一件是b事件，如果a、

14、b两个事件几乎是同时发生的，那就用一般过去时;但是，如果a、b两个事件不是同时发生的，怎么办呢?那就是：哪个事件先发生,就用过去完成时;哪个事件后发生，就用过去完成时。在上面的假设中，如果a事件先发生,a就用过去完成时；如果b事件先发生，b就用过去完成时；而不管两件事是用什么样的时间状语或其它形式表示的。请看例句：例1she said （that) she had never been to paris.例2when the police arrived， the thieves had run away。例3we had hoped that you would come, but you

15、didnt。例4tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 例5the students were writing, busily when miss brown went to get a book she had left in the office。在上面的五个例子中，我们只要稍微分析一下，就可以发现：每个例子讲述的内容中,都包含着两个（或以上）在过去发生的事件.我们将两件事抽取出来看一下，就非常明白：必定有一件事是先生的，另一件是后发生的：例1said had n

16、ever been to (先没有“去”，后“说”)例2arrivedhad run away。 （先“跑”了，后“到”）例3 had hoped would comedidnt （先“希望”，后才发生“没去)例4was disappointedhad left arrived （先“离开”，后“到达”和“失望”)例5were writingwent had left (先“离开”，后“到”和“写）二、难点过去完成时的难点在于：有时候一句话中并没有出现两个事件，因此无法比较两个事件的先后.那为什么也用过去完成时呢？请看下面的例句：例1by the time he was twelve， edi

17、son had began to make a living by himself.实际上，在上面的例句中,仍然有着“先、后”之分的.不过,这次不是a、b两件事件的先后，而是有两个过去时间的“先、后”关系.首先，句子中有个明确的过去时间点:12岁。说他“12岁”，显然是过去式。那么，紧接着说“他已经开始谋生了”,这个“谋生”是发生在“12岁”时,还是“12岁”前，还是“12岁”后？答案是肯定的:他的“谋生”发生在“12岁”之前!也就是说，“12岁”已经是一般过去时，而在“12岁”之前发生的事，当然是过去完成时.所以，在那么多表示时间状语的词中，大家要特别注意by、until等的用法。可以说，在

18、讲述过去的事件中，如果出现by时间状语，很有可能要用过去完成时了。(当然，我说的是很有可能.)类似的时间表达方式还有until、before等。只要大家把握了过去完成时的基本含义，不管句子怎么变化，应该没有多大的问题。例如：例2until then, his family hadnt heard from him for six month.此句的分析同上面差不多。首先有个明确的过去时间点then”(那时),而hadnt heard”发生在then之前（包括then）.所以此句用的是过去完成时.再举两个例子，请大家自己分析：例3we had learned about 4000 english

19、 words by the end of last term。例4i waited until he had finished his homework。例5we had got to the station before 10:00。过去完成时练习和分析提示请先阅读本站的文章“过去完成时重难点实例讲解,然后完成下列练习。 汉译英 1.到上学期你们学会了多少首歌? 2。到昨天晚上，他把这篇课文读了三遍. 3。十点钟前,我们到达了车站。4。在他上中学之前，已学会了两百多个英语单词。5。当我们到达电影院时,电影已经开始五分钟了。6.昨天找看见李平了。自从我们离开北京，就一直没有见面。 7。我昨天没

20、有给魏华那本书,因为她已经为自己买了一本. 8.他问李先生是否已经回来了 9.我听说他住那五年了。 1. how many songs had you learned by the end of last term? 注两个时间点的比较。 2. by yesterday evening， he had read the text three times。 注两个时间点的比较。 3。 we had got to the station before 10：00. 注两个时间点的比较. 4。 he had learned two hundred english words before he we

21、nt to middle school. 注两个事件的比较。 5。when we got to the cinema， the film had been on for five minutes。 注两个事件的比较。 6。 i saw li ping yesterday。 we had not seen each other since we left beijing。 注两个事件的比较。 7. i did not give the book to wei hua yesterday, because she had already bought a copy for herself。 注两个

22、事件的比较. 8。 he asked if mr li had already come back。 注两个事件的比较。 9。 i heard he had lived there for five years。 注两个事件的比较。练习1 they usually_tv in the evening。 a. watch b。 will watch c。 are watching d。 watches2 the sun _ in the east and_ in the west. a. raises; setb. rise; setsc. rises; setsd. rises； set3 o

23、ur teacher will return by the time school_。a。 will begin b。 began c。 is beginning d。 begins4 i usually have milk and bread for breakfast. what about you, jim？ -so do i， but my sister _。 a. hasnt b。 doesnt c. didnt d. wont5 -that ten pound note belongs to me._a。 yes， it belongs b. no， it doesnt c. ye

24、s, it is d. no, it isnt6 she will go if it _ tomorrow。a. isnt rain b。 dont rain c。 doesnt rain d. didnt rain初中英语综合时态练习 （1)b。1 .my sister _ the youth league last year. she _ a youth league member for about a year now。 a。 joinedhas become b. joinedhas been c。 has joinedhas been d。 did joinhad beenc。2.

25、 neither of us _ a doctor。 a. were b。 am c。 is d。 arec。3. mr zhao doesnt like swimming, _? a. didnt he b. did he c。 does he d。 wont he c。4. ill talk to him when he _。 a. come b。 will come c. comes d. camec。5. they _ supper when we _ into the room. a. are havingwent b. were havinggo c. were havingwen

26、t d。 are havinggod。6. well go climbing if it _ tomorrow。 a. wont rain b. did rain c。 isnt rain d. doesnt raina。7。 i dont know if it _ tomorrow。 a。 will rain b。 rains c. rained d。 is raind.8。 nathan hale _ he _ his life for his country. a. saidgive b. sayswill give c. saidgives d. saidwould givec。9。

27、most people _ tv。 a。 enjoy to watch b. enjoy watch c. enjoy watching d。 enjoys watchinga。10。father _ his cap and went out。 a. put on b. puts on c。 had put d。 will put onb.11.how long _ your uncle _ in the army ？ a。 hasjoined b. hasbeen c。 doesjoin d。 hadjoinedd.12.peter _ the work in a week.a. have

28、finished b. finishes c. is finishing d. will finisha.13。the students _ the history museum if it _ fine tomorrow。 a. will visit.is b。 will visitwill be c. would visit was d. would visitwould bea。14。joan _ me whether i _ the book before. a. askedhad read b。 askedshall read c。 askedwould read d。 askedh

29、as readc.15.by the end of last term， we _ book five. a. have learned b。 would learn c。 had learned d。 were learninga。16._ she _ her lessons at seven yesterday evening ？ a. wasgoing over b。 isgo over c。 hasgone over d。 willgo overc.17。he cant go to the cinema with me because he _ a meeting。 a. was ha

30、ving b。 would have c。 is having d. hada。18。both of the two dictionaries _ very useful. a. are b。 is c. was d. amc.19. he _ to me since last month。 a. didnt write b. hadnt written c。 hasnt written d。 wont writed.20。 xu ping _ to japan only once. a。 has gone b. had gone c. had been d。 has beenb。21. no

31、body _ the answer. a。 have known b. knew c。 didnt know d. are knowingb.22._ you ever _ to nanjing ? a. havegone b。 havebeen c. dogo d. will goc。23。 he _ he _ something wrong before. a. sayswas b. say.have done c. saidhad done d。 saidwould dod.24. he _ me he _ an interesting book。 a. tellwould borrow

32、 b. told will borrow c. tellwill borrow d. told had borrowedb。25。 thomas edison _ already _ a chemistry lab for himself by the time he _ ten。 a. hasbuiltwas b。 hadbuiltwas c. wouldbuildwas d. wasbuildingisa。26. at the age of eleven, my grandfather _ to work in a factory. a。 began b. has begun c. wil

33、l begin d. beginsd.27。 one day while i _ along the street, i _ someone calling。 a。 walkedwas hearing b。 was walkinghas heard c。 was walkinghad heard d。 was walkingheardc。28。 neither i nor he _。 a。 can swims well b. are swimming well c. swims well d。 have swum welld。29. _ you _ where your sister has

34、gone ？ a. did know b. willknow c. areknow d。 do knowc.30. betty _ morning exercises yesterday. a。 not did b. dont do c. didnt do d。 wont doc.31。 the door of her room _ every day. a。 are not cleaned b. not are cleaned c. is not cleaned d. not is cleanedd。32。no rubbish _ for three weeks. a. collected

35、b。 is collected c. has collected d. has been collectedb。33.by 1980 the bridge _。 a。 was completed b. had been completed c。 has been completed d。 have been completedb。34.another railway bridge _ there now. a. is building b. is being built c。 is built d. has been builtd.35。 _ the water in the wet clot

36、hes _ vapor now ? a。 areturned into b. isturned into c. arebeing turned into d。 isbeing turned intoc。36. _ this film _ last week ？ a。 didshow b。 hasbeen shown c. wasshown d。 wasbe showna.37。he told me that the composition _ by him. a。 was not written b. not was written c。 is not written d. not is wr

37、ittend。38._ the play _ again next week ？ a. willput on b. isput on c. will beput on d。 willbe put ona.39._ the exercises _ tomorrow ? a. maybe handed in b。 may behanded in c. may be handedin d。 may handedinb.40。she _ to a hospital at once。 a. must send b。 must be sent c. must to be sent d。 had to se

38、ndb.41。 mike usually _ up at six in the morning. a. get b。 gets c. got d. will getb。42。 the sun _ us light and heat. a. give b. gives c. will give d. often givea。43.tom looked sad and cried ， “ i _ terrible ！” a. am feeling b feels c. will feel d. have feltd。44.at that time , things _ hard for the w

39、orking people. a。 is b. are c。 was d. wered.45。 long long ago， there _ a farmer in a small village。 a. are b。 were c。 is d. livedc.46。 could you show me the way to no, 5 middle school ? im afraid i couldnt 。 i _ never _ there。 a. dogo b。 didgo c. havebeen d。 had beenc.47。 we _ a meeting these days。

40、a. have b. had c. are having d. were havinga.48。 the oldest kind of computer _ the abacus。 a。 is b。 was c。 has been d。 have beenb。49. i _ the boy in the classroom just now . a. see b。 saw c. have seen d. had seend.50. mr black was surprised， “ i _ i lost my wallet。 “ a. know b. dont know c。 knew d.

41、didnt knowd.51.the guard said, “ i am sorry。 i _ 。” a. dont know it is you b。 didnt know it is you c. dont know it was you d。 didnt know it was youb。52.the fisherman said to the genie, “ youre so big and jar is so small. _ you really in the jar ？ a。 are b. were c。 was d. wasnt b。53。he is going to be

42、 a doctor when he _. a. grow up b. grows up c. will grow up d。 is going to grow upb。54。 grandma said she would tell me a story when she _. a. has time b。 had time c. would have time d。 would has timeb。55。 ill tell him all about it as soon as he _. a。 come back b. comes back c。 will come back d. is g

43、oing come backb。56。 _ we set off right away ? a. will b. shall c. are d. dod.57。 it seems it _。 a。 will rain b. shall rain c. rains d。 is going to raina。58. my little sister _ six next month. a. will be b。 shall be c。 can be d. is going to b。59。 go down the street and turn right at the first crossin

44、g 。 you _ our school. a. find b. will find c. shall find d. are going to finda.60. its nothing serious。 your son _ all right by supper time。 a。 will be b。 shall be c. is d. is going to beb。61。 work hard， and you _ catch up with the others. a。 can be b。 will c。 shall d. are going to c。62. where is je

45、nny ? she _ in the next room。 a. do some reading b。 does some reading c。 is doing some reading d. will do some reading d.63. look! tom _ in the river。 a。 go swimming b. goes swimming c。 going to swimming d。 is swimmingd。64. his sister _ _ cakes。 thats why her hands are all covered with flour （面粉）. a

46、. makes b。 made c。 will make d。 is makingc。65。 listen carefully ! can you hear what the professor _ ？ a. talks about b. talked about c. is talking about d。 will talk aboutc.66. what _ you _ this time yesterday ？ a。 dodo b. aredoing c。 weredoing d。 woulddod。67。 when i got there, the browns _ at the lunch table. a. is siting b。 are sitting c. was siting d. were sittingc。68. it suddenly began to rain while i _ the bus。 a. wait b。 waited c。 was waiting for d。 were waiting forc.69。 it _ hard when i was o