Unit 4 Road safety 情态动词

1、Unit 4 Road safety 情态动词,情态动词,can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, must和ought称为情态动词。它们和 主要谓语动词一起构成谓语。绝大多数情态 动词的意思可以划分为两类。 一类是表示可能性：情态动词可以用来表示某种情况是肯定的、或很可能的、或可能的、或不可能的,另一类意思涉及必须做某事或允许做某 事之类的意思：情态动词可以用来表示 某人必须做某事、某人能做某事，如果 某事发生（或不发生）就会好一些，或 者某事是许可或禁止的,a完全有把握(肯定的或否定的,shall用于第一人称： I/We sha

2、ll be away tomorrow. I shant be late on Wednesday. 2. will 用于各种人称： Thats the phone. Thatll be Tony. Things will be right. It wont rain this evening. Youll be right,3. must只用于肯定句中： He decided Franklin must be suffering from a bad cold. 4. cant和couldnt表示现在或将来不可能， couldnt用于间接引语中，表示过去不可能： 1)That cant be

3、 Mr. Smithhes in New York. 2)I knew it couldnt be Mr. Smith. 3)He couldnt be at home. 5. would, wouldnt 用于间接引语中，表示过 去可能或不可能： I told you wouldnt be ready in time,1. should, shouldnt, ought to, oughtnt to, may well (很有可能）, may, may not （可能、可能不） : 1)She should/ought to be here soon. 2)It shouldnt/ought

4、nt to be difficult for you to work out the problem. 3)We may be buying a new flat. 4)The list may not be complete. 5)“I think its going to rain.” “You may well be rightthe sky is really black,b很有可能/可能,C可能性小,might, mightnt, could,它们不是may, can的过 去式，它们都可以用来谈论现在和将来, could比may 和might更不可能： 1)I might see y

5、ou againwho knows? 2)Things might not be as bad as they seem. 3)We could all be millionaires one day,的 特点 1）有特定的词义 2）没有人称和数的变化 3）其后加动词原形(do), have done ,be doing,情态动词,情态动词,1。区别must / have to Must表示人在主观上认为的必要、必须、一定要 Have to表示受环境或习惯支配的客观必要 “不得不”，能用于更多时态。 1)Soldiers _obey officers. 2)Its raining outsid

6、e.We_stay at home. 3As he had broken his leg, he _lie in bed,易混易错用的情态动词,must,have to,had to,2。表示能力: can, could, be able to *be able to 能用于各种时态。 can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。 *was / were able to : “设法做成某事” 相当于 managed to do sth. succeeded in doing sth.。 Eg.Though they were trapped in the big fire, they _

7、escape,were able to,3。can (用于疑问句中）， cant, could, may, might, should, ought to, will, must + have + 过分可以表示对过去发生的事情作出推断： Where can he have gone? We cant have taken it upstairs this morning! I may / might/ could have come to a wrong conclusion. 4. That was a bad place to go skiing. You might have broke

8、n your leg,二、表示必须和允许做某事,情态动词可表示必须和允许做某事的各种含义。情态动词的这类用法很重要，可以有礼貌地表达请求、建议、邀请和批示。 a must, will, need (用于疑问句中）强调必要性；shall(用于二、三人称表示说话人的意愿、承诺、命令或法律、规章、制度上要求必须做的事情）,Teachers of English must be in the classroom by 7.10. All sales staff will arrive for work by 9.00. Need I get a visa for Hong Kong? You shal

9、l have the book as soon as I finish it. He shant come here. He shant pass the math exam. A record shall be kept of the number of students attending each class,8. “Can someone help me?” “I will.” 9. Ill definitely pay you back next week. 10. Ill kill her for this, Sue said. 11. “Give me a kiss.” “No,

10、 I wont.” 12. The car wont start. would指过去愿意；wouldnt指过去拒绝： My husband would do the dishes, but he wouldnt cook. I asked him politely, but he wouldnt tell me. The car wouldnt start this morning,You mustnt drive fast. Theres a speed limit. Magazines may not be taken out of the library. You cant come in here without permission,c 禁止 mustnt, may not, cant 可以表示禁止，may not非常正式，在非正式文体中cant更常见；mustnt比may not 更为强调,其他意思： 1. must 可以表示偏要：If you must drink so m