日本介绍英文版

1、The Culture of Japan,With economic, cultural and religious,influence from neighboring Asian states,Japan has produced a unique culture of its,own. Now let,s enjoy the charm(,魅力,) of,Japanese culture and look at some of its,popular icons.,Contents,?,life,?,society,?,art,?,culture,clothes,The traditio

2、nal dress of Japan is the,kimono,（和服）,. Kimonos, which are,generally made of silk, have large,sleeves and reach from the shoulders all,the way down to the heels. They are,tied with a wide belt . Kimonos are now,usually worn only on special occasions,weddings, and graduation ceremonies.,the style,?,K

3、imonos range from extremely formal to casual. The level of formality of womens kimono is determined,mostly by the pattern of the fabric, and color. Young womens kimonos have longer sleeves, signifying that,they are not married, and tend to be more elaborate than similarly formal older womens kimono.

4、5,Mens kimonos are usually one basic shape and are mainly worn in subdued colors. Formality is also,determined by the type and color of accessories, the fabric, and the number or absence of kamon (family,crests), with five crests signifying extreme formality.5 Silk is the most desirable, and most fo

5、rmal, fabric.,Kimonos made of fabrics such as cotton and polyester generally reflect a more casual style,和服的范围从,非常正式的去休闲。形式化程度的女性的和服是由模式确定主要的面料和颜色。年轻女性的和服袖,子长,意味着他们不结婚,往往是更复杂的比同样正式老年妇女的和服。,5,男人的和服通常是一个基,本的形状和主要是穿在柔和的颜色。手续也取决于类型和颜色的配件、面料、号码或没有加们,(,家,徽,),有,5,个波峰代表极端拘谨。,5,丝绸是最理想,最正式的,织物。和服织物制作的如棉和聚酯通常反

6、,映出一个更加随意的风格,with camera,on the Modern city,Japan has absorbed many ideas from other,countries over the course of its history,including technology, customs, and forms of,cultural expression, and has developed its,unique culture while integrating these imports.,The Japanese lifestyle today is a rich

7、blend of,Asian-influenced traditional culture and,Western-influenced modern culture.,food,Sushi,Nowadays, sushi bars are everywhere.,Japanese cuisine,?,Japanese food mostly consists of fish instead of meat, and also soybeans, so,it is good for the health. Foods that are most well received by foreign

8、ers are,tempura,tempur?,天妇罗, sukiyaki suki:j:ki:,鸡素烧, sushi su:?i:,寿,司, sashimi s:?i:mi,生鱼片, buckwheat noodles,荞麦面条, and soybean,curd,First:Tempura,tempur?,天妇罗,2/Sukiyakisuki:j:ki:,鸡素烧,?,Sukiyaki is one of the representative,foods of Japan. The name comes from,the farmer,spade sometimes used to,cook

9、 on. Sukiyaki refers directly to,broiling beef on the spade, along with,soybean curd, leeks, and vegetables.,The seasoning,调料,includes soy sauce,s?:s, sweet sake, and sugar.,3Buckwheat,b?kwi:t,noodles,荞麦面条,?,Buckwheat noodles or soba is also a typical Japanese dish. There are some,people that eat so

10、ba at least once a day. Many office workers make it a,habit to have soba for lunch. Soba noodles are a mixture of buckwheat,flour flau?,面粉,and eggs. It looks similar to spaghetti in shape. It is first,boiled, and then dipped in a soup made of soy sauce, salt, sweet sake, and,bonitob?ni:t?u shavings

11、when it is being eaten. Because soba is long, it is,considered a symbol of long life.,Eating a Meal,?,Before eating, Japanese people say itadakimasu, a,polite phrase meaning I receive this food. This,expresses thanks to whoever worked to prepare the,food in the meal.,?,After eating, people once agai

12、n express their thanks,for the meal by saying gochiso sama deshita, which,literally means it was quite a feast.,The Japanese Dining Table,The most traditional Japanese,meal is a serving of plain, white,rice, along with a main dish (fish or,meat), some kind of side dish,(often cooked vegetables), sou

13、p,and pickled vegetables.,The word Geisha is derived from,“,Gei,”,which in Japanese performance or,entertainer, and,“,sha,”, which means,“,person,”, and dates back 400 years ago,to the Edo period,（江户时代）,. During,this period the Geisha entertained at,banquets and social gatherings by playing,Shamise(

14、,日本三弦琴,), singing, and giving,dance performances.,There is often a misconception,（误解）,by,some that Geisha are prostitutes,（娼妓）, but,nothing could be further from the truth Geisha are,refined and cultured girls and woman who are,highly trained in a variety of traditional skills.,Besides playing Shami

15、sen,（日本三弦琴）,singing, and dancing, the Geisha perform the,Japanese tea ceremony, and are well versed(,精通,的,) in the art of conversation. Many learn to speak,English to entertain Western guests.,The training involved in becoming a,Geisha is very rigorous,（严格的）, and,because of this the numbers of Geish

16、a are,declining.,Today in Japanese hotels and,restaurants Geisha still entertain at,banquets and socialize with guests, and,the role of the Geisha in Japanese society,is always a source of curiosity for tourists.,sumo,（），古称素舞，起源于中,国，唐朝时传入,日本,，由两名大力士裸,露上身，互相,角力,。日本有关相扑比较,确切的文字记载，是八世纪初编纂成的,日本书纪，书内记述第三

17、十五代天,皇（六四一六四五年）为了接待古代,朝鲜百济国使者，召集了宫廷卫士举行,相扑竞赛。尽管有人称，中国相扑和日,本有关系。但日本的相扑是否由中国输,入，目前没见到明确记载。后来成为日,本的,国技,，日本的国际性的,格斗术,和体,育运动。作为专业竞技项目，在日本国,内称作大相扑。,（二）武士道精神,?,Bushid,武士道, literally he way of the warrior, is a Japanese word for the way,of the samurai life, loosely analogous to the concept of chivalry.,?,?,

18、The Bushido originates from the samurai moral code stressing frugality, loyalty,martial arts mastery, and honor unto death. Born from Neo-Confucianism during,times of peace in Tokugawa Japan and following Confucian texts, Bushido was,also influenced by Shinto and Zen Buddhism, allowing the violent e

19、xistence of the,samurai to be tempered by wisdom and serenity. Bushid developed between,the 9th and 20th centuries and numerous translated documents dating from the,12th to 16th centuries demonstrate its wide influence across the whole of,Japan,1 although some scholars have noted he term bushid itse

20、lf is rarely,attested in premodern literatureBushid(,武士道,?),字面上的“战士”,是一个日,语单词的方式生活的武士,有点类似骑士精神的概念。,?,武士道源于武士的道德准则强调节俭、忠诚、武术精通,荣誉,直到死亡。出生,在和平时期的理学在德川日本和遵循儒家文本,武士道也深受神道和佛教禅宗,允许暴力存在的武士来冲淡智慧和平静。,Bushid,之间展开,9,日和,20,世纪和众多,的翻译文档约会,12,到,16,世纪展示其广泛影响到整个日本,1,虽然有些学者指出,“术语,Bushid,本身是很少在前现代文献证实,刀与武士：,?,In the b

21、ushido, the knife is a symbol of power and military is brave.,?,Waist to wear with a knife to symbolize this person have bushido spirit in mind. Samurai sword has two size,big say knife, small rib ad, said the two knife is warrior never leaving the status symbol.,?, if the knife is the soul of a war

22、rior, so, brave warrior is wrapped on the surface of the knife said the identity of,the scabbard, knives and yong is inseparable,?,在武士道里，刀是力量和武勇的象征。,?,腰上佩带着刀就象征了此人心中已有武士道精神。武士刀共有大小两把，大的称“刀”，小的称,“肋差”，这两把刀是武士寸步不离的身份象征。,?,如果，刀是武士的灵魂，那么，勇敢就是包裹刀的表面的表示武士身份的刀鞘，刀和勇是密不可分,的。,日本的成年礼,成人节：每年,1,月第,2,个星期一统,一举行，是受中

23、国“冠礼”的,影响。,凡年满,20,岁的男女青年身穿传统服装参,加成人仪式，内容包括年轻人宣誓、长,者的祝贺和参拜神社以及参加各种传统,的文娱活动等。,茶道,In Japan there are many teach the tea ceremony of various,genres techniques school, many hotels also have teahouse, can easily,enjoy the tea ceremony performance. But the Japanese tea ceremony is,eventually spread to Japa

24、n by the Chinese tang dynasty years. In,ancient times, Japan and China have long. Tang dynasty period, Japan,sent a large number of him to come to China, Chinas influence is,deeper. The Japanese people said China is the hometown of the,Japanese tea ceremony,日本国内有许多传授茶道各流派技法的学,校，不少宾馆也设有茶室，可以轻松地欣赏到茶道的

25、表演。但,日本的茶道最终是由中国唐朝贞观年间传到日本的。在古代，,日本与中国早有往来。盛唐时期，日本曾派大量使臣来中国，,受中国影响较深。日本人民称“中国是日本茶道的故乡”。,日本的花道,花道是日本传统的文化遗产，,是随着佛教从中国传入日本。,花道也称,插花,、,华道,、,生,花,，即把适当剪下的树枝或,花草经过艺术加工后，插入花,瓶等器皿中的方法和技术。,花道讲究艺术造型，最完美的造型为三角形，,最高的一枝象征天，最低的一枝象征地，中间,的一枝象征人，表示圆满如意。,书道,?,书法在日本不仅盛行，更是人们修行养性的方式之一。,?,古代日本人称书法叫入木道或笔道,?,直到江户时代,(,十七世纪,),，才出现书道这个名词。,?,在日本，用毛笔写汉字而盛行书法，应当是在佛教传入之后。僧侣,和佛教徒模仿中国，用毛笔抄录经,日本文艺,（一）日本文学,?,日本文学只要分为三个时期，上古文学、中古文学以及近现代文学。,?,上古文学（八世纪）,：,古事记,、,萬葉集,?,中古文学,：,源氏物語,、,