【2013惠州四调】广东省惠州市2013届高三4月模拟考试英语试题_2

2013年惠州市高考模拟考试英语试题201304本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。满分135分，考试用时120分钟。注意事项1答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的市（县）/区、学校、班级、姓名、准考证号、试室号和座位号填写在答卡的密封线内。2选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案；不能答在试题卷上。3非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在另发的答题卷各題目指定区域内的相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用4笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4考生必须保持答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将答题卷和答题卡一并交回。I语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从LL5各题所給的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑，ITHAPPENEDTOAVERYYOUNGPASTOR牧师HISCHURCHWASVERYOLDANDWHATSWORSE,ASTORMKNOCKEDAHOLEINTHEWALLOFTHECHURCHONEDAYTHEPASTOR1_ANAUCTION拍卖）ANDBIDABEAUTIFULTABLECLOTHFORSIXDOLLARSHECARRIEDTHECLOTHBACKTOTHECHURCHANDPUTITUPONTHEWALLITCOMPLETELYHIDTHE2_JUSTBEFORENOONOFCHRISTMASEVE,THEPASTORNOTICEDAWOMANSTANDINGINTHECOLDATTHEBUSSTOP“THE3_WONTBEHEREFOR40MINUTES”HECALLED,ANDHEINVITEDHERINTOTHECHURCHTOGET4_SHETOLDHIMTHATSHEHADCOMEFROMTHECITYTOBEINTERVIEWEDFORAJOBASGOVERNESSTOTHECHILDRENOFONEWEALTHYFAMILYINTOWNBUTSHEHADBEENTURNEDDOWNTHEWOMANSAWTHETABLECLOTHANDROSESUDDENLYTHEPASTORSMILEDANDSTARTEDTOTELLHERABOUTTHESTORM5_,BUTSHEDIDNTSEEMTO6_“ITISMINE”SHESAID“MYHUSBANDHADTHECLOTHMADE7_FORMCSHEEXPLAINEDTHATSHEANDHERHUSBANDDECIDEDTOGOSEPARATELYINTHEWARIITHEYPLANNEDTHATHEWOULD8_HERBUTSHENEVERSAWHIMAGAINLATERSHEHEARDTHATHEHADDIEDTHEPASTORTRIEDTO9_HER,ADVISINGHERTOTAKETHECLOTHWITHHERSHE10_THENSHEWENTAWAYONCHRISTMASEVE,AFTERTHESERVICEINCHURCH,ONEMIDDLEAGEDMANTHELOCALCLOCKANDWATCHREPAIRMANLOOKEDRATHER11_ITISSTRANGE，”HESAIDINHISSOFTACCENT“MANYYEARSAGO,MYWIFEANDIOWNEDSUCHACLOTHTHEPASTORSUDDENLYBECAMEVERY12_HETOLDHIMABOUTTHEWOMANWHOHADBEENINCHURCH13_INTHEDAYTOGETHERTHETWOGOTINTOUCHWITHTHE14_WHOHADINTERVIEWEDHERANDTHISMANANDHISWIFEWHOHADBEENSEPARATEDTHROUGHSOMANYSADDENED15_WEREREUNITED1AHADBATTENDEDCHELDDTOOK2AWALLBCHURCHCHOLEDTABLE3ABOSSBCOMPANYCTRAINDBUS4AWARMBREADYCCOOLDCALM5ADAMAGEBSTORYCFACTDTRUTH6AWORKBBELIEVECLISTENDUNDERSTAND7ACAREFULLYBATTENTIVELYCFINALLYDESPECIALLY8AJOINBWRITECBRINGDLEAVE9AAMUSEBCOMFORTCPLEASEDHELP10ACRIEDBACCEPTEDCREFUSEDDCONTINUED11APUZZLEDBDELIGHTEDCDETERMINEDDDISAPPIONTED12ASADBSHOCKEDCHOPEFULDEXCITED13ALATERBEARLIERCWARMERDCOLDER14AWOMANBMANAGERCHUSBANDDFAMILY15AWEEKSBCOUNTRIESCCHRISTMASESDCENTURIES第二节语法填空共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1625的相应位置上。THE2,298KIIOMETERBEIJINGGUANGZHOUHIGHSPEEDRAILWAY16_OFFICIALOPENEDTOPASSENGERSONDECEMBER26，2012ITISTHEWORLDSLONGESTHIGHSPEEDRAILROUTETHE17_DESIGNSPEEDOFTHETRACKIS350KM,THOUGHSPEEDSDURINGTHEINITIALPERIODOFOPERATIONWILLBELIMITEDTOABOUT300KM/HTHENEWROUTECUTSTHETRAVELTIMEBETWEENBEIJINGANDGUANGZHOU18ALMOSTTWOTHIRDS,FROM22HOURSTOROUGHLYEIGHTHOURSONDECEMBER1,2012，NOTLONGBEFORETHEOPENINGOFTHEBEIJINGGUANGZHOUHIGHSPEEDRAILWAY,THEHARBINDALIANHIGHSPEEDRAILWAY,19_FIRSTHIGHSPEEDLINEEVERTOCROSSLANDTHATLIESFROZENFORALMOSTHALFAYEAR,BEGANOPERATIONS,20_ALLOWSPASSENGERSTOAPPRECIATETHEVIEWOFFTHECOASTFROMDALIANINTHEMORNING,21_THEWINTERSNOWSCAPEOFFROSTYHARBININTHEAFTERNOONATPRESENTTHETOTAL22_LONGOFHIGHSPEEDLINESINCHINA23_REACH9,349KMWITHFOURMAINLINES24_RUNEASTWESTANDFOURNORTHSOUTH,THECOUNTRYSHIGHSPEEDTRAINNETWORKISTHEWORLDSLARGESTCHINAPLANSTOEXPAND25_HIGHSPEEDRAILWAYNETWORKTO50，000KMBY2020,TOCOVERALMOSTALLLARGEANDMEDIUMSIZEDCITIESII阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节阅读理解共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AALITTLEGIRLLIVEDINASMALL,VERYSIMPLE,POORHOUSEONAHILLANDASSHEGREWSHEWOULDPLAYINTHESMALLGARDENTHERE,SHEWASABLETOSEEOVERTHEGARDENFENCEANDACROSSTHEVALLEYTOAWONDERFULHOUSEHIGHONTHEHILLTHISHOUSEHADGOLDENWINDOWS,SOGOLDENANDSHININGTHATTHELITTLEGIRLWOULDDREAMOFHOWMAGICITWOULDBETOGROWUPANDLIVEINAHOUSEWITHGOLDENWINDOWSINSTEADOFANORDINARYHOUSELIKEHERSALTHOUGHSHELOVEDHERPARENTSANDHERFAMILY,SHEYEARNEDTOLIVEINSUCHAGOLDENHOUSEANDDREAMEDALLDAYABOUTHOWWONDERFULANDEXCITINGITMUSTFEELTOLIVETHEREWHENSHEGOTTOANAGEWHENSHEGAINEDENOUGHSKILLANDSENSIBILITYTOGOOUTSIDEHERGARDENFENCE,SHEASKEDHERMOTHERIFSHECOULDGOFORABIKERIDEOUTSIDETHEGATEANDDOWNTHELANEAFTERPLEADINGWITHHER,HERMOTHERFINALLYALLOWEDHERTOGO,INSISTINGTHATSHESHOULDKEEPCLOSETOTHEHOUSEANDNOTWANDERTOOFARTHEDAYWASBEAUTIFULANDTHELITTLEGIRLKNEWEXACTLYWHERESHEWASHEADINGDOWNTHELANEANDACROSSTHEVALLEY,SHERODEHERBIKEUNTILSHEGOTTOTHEGATEOFTHEGOLDENHOUSEACROSSONTHEOTHERHILLASSHEDISMOUNTEDHERBIKEANDLEANEDITAGAINSTTHEGATEPOST,SHEFOCUSEDONTHEPATHTHATLEDTOTHEHOUSEANDTHENONTHEHOUSEITSELFSHEWASSODISAPPOINTEDASSHEREALIZEDALLTHEWINDOWSWEREPLAINANDRATHERDIRTY,REFLECTINGNOTHINGOTHERTHANTHESADNEGLECTOFTHEHOUSETHATWASDERELICTSOSADSHEDIDNTGOANYFURTHERANDTURNED,ANDHEARTBROKENASSHEREMOUNTEDHERBIKEASSHEGLANCEDUPSHESAWASIGHTTOAMAZEHERTHEREACROSSTHEWAYONHERSIDEOFTHEVALLEYWASALITTLEHOUSEANDITSWINDOWSGLISTENEDGOLDENASTHESUNSHONEONHERLITTLEHOMESHEREALIZEDTHATSHEHADBEENLIVINGINHERGOLDENHOUSEANDALLTHELOVEANDCARESHEFOUNDTHEREWASWHATMADEHERHOMETHEGOLDENHOUSEEVERYTHINGSHEDREAMEDWASRIGHTTHEREINFRONTOFHERNOSE26WHYDIDTHEGIRLLONGFORTHEHOUSEONTHEHILLABECAUSETHEREWASASMALLGARDENBBECAUSEITSMAGICCBECAUSEITSORDINARYDBECAUSEITSWINDOWSLOOKEDGOLDEN27WHICHSTATEMENTISTRUEACCORDINGTOPARAGRAPH2AND3ATHEGIRLSMOTHERFINALLYALLOWEDHERTOGOTOTHEGOLDENHOUSEALONEBTHEGOLDENHOUSEWASONTHEHILLWHERETHEGIRLLIVEDCWHATDISAPPOINTEDTHELITTLEGIRLWASTHATTHEHOUSEWASLOCKEDDACTUALLY,THEWINDOWSOFTHEGOLDENHOUSEWERECOMMONANDCOVEREDWITHDIRT28WHATAMAZEDTHEGIRLWASTHAT_AHERHOMEWASANOTHERGOLDENHOUSEBTHEREWASNOGOLDENHOUSEINDEEDCSHECOULDSEETHEGOLDENHOUSEONLYWHENSHELOOKEDUPDTHEGOLDENHOUSEDISAPPEAREDWHENTHESUNSHONEONIT29WHATCANBEINFERREDFROMTHEPASSAGEATHEMOTHERTHOUGHTTHATSHENEEDNTKEEPANEYEONHERDAUGHTERBTHEGIRLWASDETERMINEDTOGOTOTHEGOLDENHOUSEATTHEBEGINNINGCTHEGIRLHADNOIDEAWHERESHEWASHEADINGAFTERLEAVINGHOMEDTHEGIRLDIDNTLOVEORCAREFORHERPARENTS30THEPASSAGEISINTENDEDTOTELLUSTHAT_AGIRLSOFTENHAVEAMAZINGIMAGINATIONBNOTALLDREAMSWILLCOMETRUECWHATWEDREAMOFMAYBEJUSTAROUNDUSDNOTHINGISIMPOSSIBLETOAWILLINGHEARTBKILIMANJAROCLIMBARITEOFPASSAGEFORFATHERANDSONCLIMBINGKILIMANJAROISATRANSFORMATIONALEXPERIENCEFORMANYPEOPLETHETHINGSTHATMAKETHEMOUNTAINHARDARETHEVERYTHINGSTHATMAKEITSOPOWERFULINTHECASEOFMYSONJOSHANDI，THEWALKUPKILIMANJAROPROVEDAPOWERFULSYMBOLOFHISTRANSITIONINTOMANHOOD,ANDAGREATCHANGEINOURRELATIONSHIPDAYTHREEONTHEMOUNTAIN,JOSHWASHITWITHMASSIVEHEADACHESHETOLDMEEVERYSTEPFELTLIKEANAILDRIVINGINTOHISHEADANDTHEN,ONTHENIGHTWECLIMBEDTHECRATERRIM,LESSTHAN40MINUTESFROMTHESUMMIT,JOSHFELLIWASWALKINGAHEAD,ANDDIDNOTEVENSEEITHEWASSOEXHAUSTEDTHATHECOULDNOTGETUPHERECALLEDOURGUIDES,DEBATINGWHETHERORNOTTHEYSHOULDTAKEHIMSTRAIGHTDOWNJOSHSNAPPEDOUTOFITHEFORCEDHIMSELFTOHISFEET,SHOOKTHEGUIDESOFFHESETHISFACETOWARDSTHEPEAKANDJUSTKEPTMARCHINGNEARTHESUMMITHECAUGHTUPWITHMEANDWEREACHEDTHEPEAKTOGETHER“IVENEVERBEENINSOMUCHPAINANDSOHAPPYATTHESAMETIME，HESAID,ASWESATSIDEBYSIDEONTHEFROZENROCKANDLOOKEDDOWNOVERAFRICA“YOUKNOW,INTHEPASTWHENWEDGOONCAMPINGANDRAFTINGTRIPS,YOUGUIDEDANDTOOKCAREOFMETHROUGHITALLBUTONKILIMANJAROITWASDIFFERENTFROMTHEBOTTOMUP,ICLIMBEDITINEVERFELTLIKEAKID,EVENWHEN1WASINPAINYOUNEVERACTEDLIKEAPARENT”“THATSNOTQUITETRUE，”IREPLIED“WHENYOUTOLDMETHATONTHESUMMITYOUFELLANDIDIDNOTEVENNOTICE,MYFIRSTTHOUGHTWAS,OHMYGODIMSUCHANAWFULPARENTBUTTHENITHITME,HEGOTHIMSELFUPHEWALKEDTOTHEPEAKONHISOWNHEDIDNTNEEDMETOHELP，”IREALIZEDASISPOKETHATTWOPEOPLEHADDIEDTHATNIGHTONKILIMANJAROACHILDANDAPARENTITWASJUSTTWOFRIENDSWHOWALKEDDOWNTHEMOUNTAINTOGETHER31WHATISNOTMENTIONEDINTHEFIRSTPARAGRAPHAKILIMANJAROISPOWERFULBKILIMANJAROISHARDTOCLIMBCMANYPEOPLE,INCLUDINGJOSH,HAVECHANGEDAFTERCLIMBINGKILIMANJARODTHEWRITERHASADISTANTRELATIONSHIPWITHHISSONAFTERCLIMBINGKILIMANJARO32FROMTHESECONDPARAGRAPHWEKNOWTHAT_AJOSHHADASLIGHTHEADACHEBJOSHREACHEDTHETOPOFTHEMOUNTAINWITHTHEHELPOFTHEGUIDESCJOSHOVERCAMEVARIOUSDIFFICULTIESONHISWAYTOTHESUMMITDCLIMBINGKILIMANJAROWASTOOHARDFORSUCHACHILDASJOSH33WHATDOESTHEUNDERLINEDPHRASEINTHESECONDPARAGRAPHMEANACHEEREDUPBGAVEUPCBURSTOUTDRANOUT34WHATCANBEINFERREDFROMTHETALKBETWEENTHEFATHERANDTHESONAJOSHFELTQUITEGOODABOUTHISINDEPENDENCEBJOSHAPPRECIATEDHISPARENTS，COMPANYANDCARECTHEFATHERFELTGUILTYALLTHETIMEDTHEFATHERSHOULDHAVETAKENGOODCAREOFJOSHASUSUAL35WHYDIDTHEFATHERFEELTHATTWOPEOPLEHADDIEDABECAUSETWOPEOPLEHADLOSTTHEIRLIVESWHILECLIMBINGKILIMANJAROBBECAUSETHEFATHERANDSONHADBECOMEFRIENDSCBECAUSETHEYHADWITNESSEDANACCIDENCEOFAFATHERANDSONDBECAUSETWOFRIENDSHADMISLEDHIMCABRAHAMLINCOLNWASBORNINTOPOVERTY200YEARSAGOATANYOTHERTIMEANDPLACE,THISLOWLYORIGINWOULDHAVEDICTATEDHISFUTURE,BUTINLINCOLNSCASE,HISSELFDETERMINATIONANDFORCEOFWILLMADEITPOSSIBLEFORHIMTOSECUREHISSEATINHISCOUNTRYSHISTORYHEHASBECOMEAROLEMODELINTHESELFMADEAMERICAIFYOUWANTTOLEARNABOUTSOMEBODYWHODIDNTQUIT,LOOKNOFURTHERABRAHAMLINCOLNHADTWOBUSINESSVENTURESFAILED,ANDTHESECONDONEMADEHIMBANKRUPT,SOHEHADTOSPENDTHENEXT17YEARSOFHISLIFEPAYINGFORTHEDEBTHEALSOLOST8DIFFERENTELECTIONSITSEEMEDTHATHEHADNEVERDONETHINGSRIGHTATTHEFIRSTTIMETHEFIRSTTIMEHERANFORSTATELEGISLATUREFORCONGRESS,FORLANDOFFICER,FORSENATE,ALLOFTHESEFAILED,ANDTHEFIRSTTIMEHESOUGHTTHEVICEPRESIDENTIALNOMINATION,HEGOTLESSTHAN100VOTESNATIONALLYBUTHENEVERFOUNDITTOOSHAMEFULTOCARRYONHISMISSIONTHENLATERIN1860,ONSUCHAROUGHROAD,HEMADEITTOTHEWHITEHOUSEHELIVEDUPTOHISFAMOUSSAYING,“ALWAYSBEARINMINDTHATYOUROWNDETERMINATIONTOSUCCESSISMOREIMPORTANTTHANANYOTHER”HECOULDHAVEQUITMANYTIMESBUTHEDIDNTANDBECAUSEHEDIDNTQUIT，HEBECAMEONEOFTHEGREATESTPRESIDENTSINTHEHISTORYOFAMERICAONEIMPORTANTWAYLINCOLNINFLUENCESPRESENTSOCIETYISTHATWELOOKBACKONHISLIFEASAROLEMODELFORFUTUREGENERATIONSLINCOLNSHIGHCHARACTERINFLUENCESUSBECAUSEWECOMPAREPRESENTDAYPOLITICIANSTOTHEEXAMPLELINCOLNSETAMAJORINFLUENCELINCOLNHASONTHEUNITEDSTATESTODAYISSIMPLYTHROUGHTHEGOODEXAMPLEHESETWHENITCAMETOHONESTY,PERSISTENCEANDLEADERSHIP36ACCORDINGTOTHEFIRSTPARAGRAPH,WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGSTATEMENTSISTRUEALINCOLNWASBORNWITHASILVERSPOONINHISMOUTHBLIKELINCOLN,APOORORIGINLEADSTOABRIGHTFUTURECAMERICAISCONSIDEREDSELFMADEBECAUSEOFLINCOLNDSELFDETERMINATIONANDWILLCONTRIBUTEDTOLINCOLNSSUCCESS37WHATISPARAGRAPHTWOMAINLYABOUTAHOWLINCOLNMADEHISWAYTOTHEWHITEHOUSEBLINCOLNSUFFEREDVARIOUSFAILURESCLINCOLNWASAMANWHONEVERQUITDLINCOLNONCELOSTTWOBUSINESSVENTURES38WHICHISTHECORRECTORDEROFWHATHAPPENEDTOLINCOLNAHEWASPAYINGOFFHISDEBTBHEFAILEDINTHERUNFORLANDOFFICER,CHEGOTLESSTHAN100VOTESNATIONALLYDHESTUCKTOHISMISSION,EHEW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TOTAKEAPUBLICTRANSPORTATIONVEHICLETOGOAROUNDTHISBIGCITYDUETOANACCIDENTSEVERALYEARSAGO,MRBUSHDOESNTDARETOTAKEABOATAGAIN47LOUIS,AYOUNGFRENCHMAN,WENTTOLONDONFORAVISITLASTWEEKTODAYISHISLASTDAYTHEREHEHASVISITEDTHELONDONEYE,THETOWEROFLONDONANDMOSTOTHERFAMOUSATTRACTIONSSOTODAY,HEWOULDLIKETODOSOMETHINGUNUSUAL,EXCITINGORDANGEROUSITWILLBEBESTIFITISSOMETHINGHECANTDOINOTHERCITIESHOWEVER,HEHASONLY35LEFTFORHISLASTDAYTRIP48KATHRINISAGERMANCOLLEGESTUDENTWHOSEMAJORISWORLDHISTORYFROMREADINGHERTEXTBOOKSSHEGOTTOKNOWSTORIESOFMANYHISTORICALFIGURESSHEISEAGERTOSEEWHATTHEYLOOKLIKEALSO,INHERSPARETIME,SHELIKESTOLISTENINGTOPOPMUSICITISHERDREAMTOHAVEHERPHOTOSTAKENWITHHERFAVORITESTARS,BUTSHEDOESNTHAVEENOUGHMONEYTOATTENDTHEIRCONCERTS49LINYANGISACHINESETEACHERWHOTEACHESHISTORYINAHIGHSCHOOLTHISFRIDAY,HEWILLGOTOLONDONTOTAKEASHORTTERMCOURSEAFTERTHAT,HEWILLSTAYTHEREFORONEMOREDAYANDHEPLANSTOVISITAFAMOUSATTRACTIONHEISVERYINTERESTEDINTHEOLDCASTLESANDRELICSINLONDONINHISVIEW,APPRECIATINGBEAUTIFULCASTLESONABOATISTHEMOSTENJOYABLETHINGUNLUCKILY,HEWILLONLYHAVE6HOURSFORLEISURETIMETHATDAY50STEVEISAPOSTGRADUATESTUDENTWHOHASNEVERBEENTOLONDONNEXTWEEKEND,HEWILLGOTHEREWITHHISPROFESSORTOATTENDAMEETINGACCORDINGTOHISPROFESSOR,HEWILLHAVETWOHOURSOFFREETIMEAFTERTHEMEETINGHEINTENDSTOVISITTHEMOSTFAMOUSPLACEINLONDONWHEREHECANSEETHEWHOLECITYTHETICKETSHOULDNTCOSTMORETHANS25III写作共两节，满分40分）第一节基础写作（共1小题满分15分）你接受了一项写作任务，用英语写一篇简短的报道。【写作内容】上周末，义工组织“绿色家园”在滨江公园开展了回收利用的宣传活动。活动内容如下,回收的必要性日常生活中，找们常过度消费资源，如各类包装袋的使用回收的途径包装袋可多次使用等回收的作用减少资源的消耗，保护环境【写作要求】只能使用五个句子表达全部内容。【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。参考词汇绿色家园GREENHOME过度消耗OVERCONSUMPTION第二节读写任务（共1小题，满分25分）阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文SOMEPOST80SGRADUATESHAVEGIVENUPTHEDREAMOFWORKINGINABIGCITY,ANDHEADINGBACKHOMEHASBECOMEPARTOFFUTUREJOBCONSIDERATIONTWOOFTHEMORECOMMONONESARETRYINGTOAVOIDTHEINTENSECOMPETITIONANDTHEPRESSURE,ANDSEEINGUNPRECEDENTEDOPPORTUNITIESINTHEGROWINGECONOMIESBACKHOMECHANGPINGA22YEAROLDSTUDENTFROMHAINANUNIVERSITY,SAIDTHATIFHEWOULDDECIDEONSTARTINGHISBUSINESS,HEDCERTAINLYRETURNTOHISHOMETOWN,XIANGFAN，INHUBEIPROVINCETHATWASBECAUSEHEHASHISOWNNETWORKOFPEOPLEWHOCOULDHELPHIMINEVERYWAYALSO,HECOULDGETSOMEGOODBUSINESSIDEASLIKESETTINGUPADVANCEDKINDERGARTENSINSMALLCITIESIFNOONEWASDOINGTHAT,THECHANCEOFBEINGSUCCESSFULSEEMEDHIGHERBUTCHENHAIHUA，ACOLLEGESTUDENTFROMGUANGZHOUMEDICALCOLLEGE,SAIDTHATSHEWOULDPLANTOSTICKTOABIGCITY,GUANGZHOU,INSTEADOFGOINGBACKTOHERHOMETOWN,ZHA