语法填空专题训练课件介词

介词,介词是高考中的一个重要考点，在连续两年的广东高考中都有两空是专门考查介词的，占语法填空的五分之一。该题要求“在空格处填入一个适当的词”的限定，所以我们要重点关注简单介词(一个单词的介词)，主要考点有：,考点解密,表示时间介词有:at,in,on表示时间点和时间段by不迟于，到时为止after在之后before在之前since自从for表示一段时间;during在期间within在期间，不超过throughout贯穿期间over在期间，过完一段时间fromto从到until/till直到between在之间,2.表示方位的介词有：into进入；outof从出来；along沿着；(a)round围饶着或在的各处；down沿而下；up沿而上；from从；off从离开或下来；at朝着或向着；for到去；to到或向；towards向或朝着；at在某一点或在(某物)旁；in在某一范围内；on在某物的表面上；above在的上头或高出；below在下面或低于；among在(多者)之中；between在(两者)之间；around在周围；,inside在的里面；outside在的外面；before在之前；behind在的后面；over在的上方或上面；under在的下面或下方；beside/by在的旁边；near在的附近；,beyond在的那一边，远于，超过(某事物的范围)；across在的对面或那一边；against靠着；across从一边到另一边；by/past从某人或某物的旁边经过；over从某人或某物的上空经过；through从某事物的里面经过。,3.表示原因的介词有becauseof,owingto,dueto,for,with,at(常放在表示情感变化后的动词、形容词或名词后表示原因，相当于“听到或看到”)等。4.表示方式、方法或手段的介词有by乘、坐、骑(接交通工具),靠、通过；in用(某种语言或材料，如墨水等)；with用(具体的工具)，和一起；through通过(实践或书本)等。5.表示“除外”的介词有except,besides,but,exceptfor等。,6.表示“数量”的about(大约),around(大约),over(超过)等；表示“关于”的on,about等；表示“所属”“部分与整体关系”的of；表示(增加/减少，相差，高出等的)程度的by；以及as(当作，作为)，like(像一样)等。7.能接复合宾语的介词有with和without。8.短语中的介词。如“动词+介词”短语，如lookafter,carefor，congratulationson等；“动词+副词+介词”短语，如catchupwith,getonwith,workhardat,dowellin等；“动词+名词+介词”takeareof,takenoticeof等；“名词+介词”，如effecton等。,1.什么情况下可能是填介词？我们首先必须知道两点：(1)介词必须要接宾语，其宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词，或者what从句；(2)名词、代词或动名词在句中通常作主语、动词的宾语、介词的宾语。因此，我们在解答语法填空时，若空格后是名词、代词或动名词时，且他们不是在句中作主语，也不是在动词后作宾语时，这个格空就很可能是填介词。,解题技巧,2.应该填哪个介词？在判断可能填介词之后，要根据具体的语境来确定填哪个介词，特别是根据空格所在句子的意思来选择一个恰当的介词。另外，以下几条思路对解题非常有用：(1)由介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系来确定。2008年广东高考36题，“感到累了”应当是“干活一整天之后”，故填after。,(2)由所处句型的特殊需要来确定。如2008年广东高考31题，这是一个therebe句型，该句型一般是表示“在某个地点存在某人或某物”；可见“_theseproverbs”应当是表示地点的；不难得知“有趣故事”应当是在“这些成语的背后”，故填behind。(3)由特殊的结构关系来确定。如能接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的介词只能是with或without。(4)考虑介词(空格)与前面的动词或名词之间的搭配关系，或者介词(空格)与后面名词之间的搭配关系来确定具体要填的介词。,例1ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeoplesdailylife._theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.(广东),分析：因theseproverbs是名词，且不是作主语、宾语、表语等，前面很可能是填介词；句意是“在中国的这些成语故事的背后常常有有趣的故事”，表示“在背后”，用介词behind。,实例剖析,实例剖析,例2Hewasverytired_doingthisforawholeday.,分析：累了必定是在干了一整天活之后，故填after；另外，表示“因而累”，betiredfrom也是固定短语，故也可填from。,例3thevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme_aguestintheirhouse.,分析：句意是“把我们作为客人接待”，表示“当作，作为”用介词as。,例4Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman_thetroubleIhadcausedher.,分析：句意是“我想酬谢我们给她造成了麻烦的那个年迈的妇女。”表示“因而酬谢/报答某人”，是rewardsb.forsth.，即用for引出原因，故填for。类似的表达还有:thanksb.forsth.;praisesb.forsth.;punishsb.forsth.等。,考点击破,一、单句填空：用适当的介词填空。1.Fredenteredwithoutknockingand,veryoutofbreath,sank_achair.(安徽)2.Ifyoureallyhavetoleaveduringthemeeting,youdbetterleave_thebackdoor.(北京)3.Agreatmanshowshisgreatness_thewayhetreatslittlemen.(福建)4.Youhavenoideahowshefinishedtherelayrace_herfootwoundedsomuch.(福建),into,by,by,with,5.IlikeMr.Minersspeech;itwasclearand_thepoint.(辽宁)6.Letslearntousetheproblemwearefacing_astepping-stonetofuturesuccess.(宁夏)7.ModernequipmentandnosmokingaretwoofthethingsIlike_workinghere.(全国)8.Ibegantofeel_homeinthenewschoolwhenIsawsomefamiliarfaces.(山东),to,as,about,at,9.Elizabethhasalreadyachievedsuccess_herwildestdreams.(陕西)10.Everythingwasperfectforthepicnicexcept_theweather.(浙江)11.Thisisajuniorschool.Youshouldgotoaseniorschool_girlsofyourage.(北京)12.Although_myopinion,theoldprofessordidntcomeupwithhisown.(福建),beyond,for,against,for,13._thesilenceofthepauses,wecouldheareachothersbreathingandcouldalmosthearourownheartbeats.(湖南)14.Scientistsareconvinced_thepositiveeffectoflaughter_physicalandmentalhealth.(江西)15.Expertshavebeenwarning_sometimeofthehealthriskscausedbypassivesmoking.(江西)16.Themanagersuggestedanearlierdate_themeeting.(全国I),In,ofon,for,for,17.Somepeoplechoosejobsforotherreasons_moneythesedays.(全国II)18.Somestudentsoftenlistentomusic_classestorefreshthemselves.(四川)19.Theopen-aircelebrationhasbeenputoffbecause_thebadweather.(浙江)20.Sorry,Madam.Youdbettercometomorrowbecauseits_thevisitinghours.(福建)21.Itsquite_mewhysuchthingshavebeenallowedtohappen.(安徽),besides,between,of,beyond,beyond,22.Itsatopsecret.Yes,Isee.Iwillkeepthesecret_youandme.(上海)23.Peoplehavealwaysbeencurious_howlivingthingsontheearthexactlybegan.(辽宁)24.Aftertheearthquake,theinjuredwerecared_inthelocalhospitalsortakentothehospitalsintheneighboringcities.(江西)25.Iwouldlikeajobwhichpaysmore,but_theotherhandIenjoytheworkImdoingatthemoment.(浙江),between,about,for,on,26.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplearefond_playingtennisnowadays.(上海)27.Leaveyourkeywithaneighbor_caseyoulockyourselfoutoneday.(北京)28.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,_whichtherewontbemuchwork.(上海)29.Formanycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadourfurther,_whichNewYorkisanexample.(四川),of,in,without,of,30.Bynineoclock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,_whichappearedararerainbowsoon.(福建)31.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,_whentheeducationsystemhaswitnessedgreatcharges.(山东)32.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,_whichhewentontoBeijingUniversity.(江苏),above,since,after,33.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_whichtheycanbecontrolledonpurpose.(重庆),to,二、语篇模拟：用适当的介词填空。FathersDayoccursonthe3rdSundayinJune.Theideaforcreatingaday1_childrentohonortheirfathersbeganinSpokane,Washington.Awoman2_thenameofSonoraSmartDoddthought3_theideaforFathersDaywhilelisteningtoaMothersDaysermon4_1909.,for,by,of,in,Havingbeenraised5_herfather,HenryJacksonSmart,afterhermotherdied,Sonorawantedherfathertoknowhowspecialhewas6_her.Itwasherfatherthatmadealltheparentalsacrificesandwas,7_theeyesof