Unit 5 competition大学英语泛读第4册第五单元

.,Unit5.Motivationorunhealthyexperience(competition),.,Pre-readingquestions:,Today,weliveinanincreasinglycompetitiveworld.Competitiontakesplaceineveryarenaofourlife-inourstudy,inourlife,andeveninourleisureactivities.Forsomeofus,wemayevenusewhatevermeanswecanthinkoftoachieveouraims.Buthaveweeverthoughtofforwhatpurposeswecompeteagainsteachother,andwhethercompetitionisgoodforus?,.,Competitionorcooperation,thatisaquestion!,.,Economyandpolitics,.,CooperationandOpennessforMutualBenefitandWin-WinProgressAttheBRICSummitBrasilia,16April2010,.,.,Debate,1.Areyoufororagainstcompetition?Why?For:Against:2.Whateffectsdoescompetitionhaveonusandoursociety?Canyouthinkofanyexample?Positiveeffects:Negativeeffects:,.,3.Whateffectsdoescompetitionhaveonchildren?,Positiveeffects:Competitioncanhelpchildrendevelophealthyattitudesaboutwinningandlosing;Competitioncanencouragegrowthandpushachildtoexcel;Childrenbenefitfromcompetitionastheylearnabouttheirablitiesandlimitations.,.,3.Whateffectsdoescompetitionhaveonchildren?,Negativeeffects:Competitioncanharmachildifitcausesphysicaloremotionalinjury,orboth;Competitionlowerstheneedtotakecareofothers;Competitioncauseshostility,aggression,ormakesachildunpopular;Competitionisdonejustforparentsbenefitorvainglory.,.,ReadingOne:,CheckyourcomprehensionA:CheckeachofthequestionswiththeinformationfromthetextP104,.,CheckyourcomprehensionB:,1.CompetitionplayssuchanimportantroleinourculturethatitiscommontoseeevenadultsshoutingandswearingonSundayafternoons(whenwatchingbaseballgames).ThisisridiculousandIfeelbadaboutit.2.Frommyownexperience,Idontthinkthatwecandevelopdeepandfullrelationshipsbytryingtocompeteandwinagainstacommonenemy.,.,3.IfmysuccessmeansthatIhavetodobetterthanothers,IdontthinkIlleverhaverealsatisfactionbecauseIhavetokeepthinkingofhowtooutdoothers,whichisveryunpleasantandexhausting.4.EvenwhenIreachthetopposition,Iwillnotfeelsafeasallthosebelowmewillbewaitingtooutdomeandtrytograbthepositionfromme.,.,5.IstarttoseethatmyconfidenceinmypersonalvalueandworthisdependentonhowmuchbetterIamthansomanyothersinsomanyactivities.6.Onlywhenwebegintorealizethatthereisnosuchathingashealthycompetitioncanwebegintolivemorenormalandricherlives.,.,CheckyourvocabularyA:,outcome:resultteamspirit:enthusiasmaboutworkinginateamresolve:solveadifficultyin(the)lightof:takingintoconsiderationwhatisknown,orwhathasbeenjustsaidorfoundoutinonesstead:inthepositionorroleofsborsthelseself-esteem:self-respect,.,CheckyourvocabularyB:,contradictionexclusiveconditional:dependentonoutweigh:bemoreimportant/valuablethanincalculable:damage/consequencesinduce:causetreadmill:monotonous/tedious/ploddingworkunjustifiable:unreasonablehysteria:abnormalexcitementoutweigh:,.,Summary,Whatisasummary?Itisafairlybriefrestatement-INYOUROWNWORDS-ofthecontentsofapassage.Strictlyspeaking,yousimplyreportbackwhattheotherwriterhassaid.Itisnotyourjobtomakevaluejudgmentsabouttherightnessorwrongnessofwhat(s)hesays.Thatwouldbeadifferentkindofpaper-asummary-response,acritique,orapositionpaper.Whileitishardtogiveconcreteguidelinesforlength,manygoodsummariesareabout1/4to1/3thelengthoftheoriginal.,.,Whatarethestepsinwritingasummary?,I.Readthroughthewholepiece-carefully.Annotate(underline,highlight,asterisk,star,flagthings;commentinthemargins)asyouread.II.Whenyoufinish,lookbackfor1-2sentencesthatstatetheauthorsmainpoint.Writeit/themdownorplacesomespecialannotationinthemarginofyourbook.Thisisthearticlesthesisstatement.Whileitmayappearearlyintheessay-thefirstparagraphortwo(asyouaretaughttolocateyours),itmaynot,infact,bestateduntiltheendofthepiece(almostasifitwereaconclusion).,.,III.Rereadtheselection,dividingitintosectionsofthought.Eachsectionmaybeoneparagraph,but,morelikely,eachsectionwillincorporateseveralparagraphs.IV.Writeasentenceortwosummarizingeachsectionofthought.Ifyouhavetroubledoingthis,youmighttrywritingasummarysentenceforeachparagraphandthenrevisingwhereyouseeyourselfrepeatingideas.,.,V.Writeafirstdraftofyoursummary,includingthefollowingitems:A.Inthefirstsentenceortwo-1.theauthorsname.2.thearticlesorchaptersname(perhapseventhemagazinesorbooksnameinwhichthearticleorchapterappeared).3.theauthorsthesisstatement.Heresanexample:InourexcerptfromTheIdeaofaUniversity,JohnHenryNewmanarguesthattherealpurposeofauniversityeducationistohelpstudentsbecomewise,enableeachonetounderstandasmuchaspossibleoftheworldinwhich(s)helivesandtoseeclearlyhoweachpieceofknowledgerelatestoeachotherpieceofknowledge.,.,B.Next,yoursummarysentencesforeachparagraphorsection.Puttheminthesameorderthattheauthorpresentstheessay,becauseyouare,afterall,simplyreportingbackwhat(s)hesays.C.Youshouldmakeeveryefforttoputtheauthorsideasintoyourownwords-toavoidplagiarism.However,youmayoccasionallywanttoquoteapointdirectlyfromtheauthor.Thatsokay;justbesuretoplacequotationmarksaroundwhatyouhaveborrowedandciteyourpagenumber.D.Occasionalsupportingdetails,ifandonlyiftheyarethemostsignificantones.,.,VI.Checkyourdraftagainsttheoriginalpieceforaccuracy.VII.Revisethesummarytosmoothoutitschoppiness.Inotherwords,linkyoursectionsummarysentencestogetherwithgoodtransitionalwordsorphrases(likeinaddition,moreover,ontheotherhand,however,finally).VIII.Proofreadandspellcheck.,.,ReadingTwo:,toxicsubstance/fume/emission/waste/reaction/shocksyndromeAssocialnetworkinggrowsincreasinglypervasive,moreemployersareutilizingthesesitestoscreenpotentialemployees.pervasivesocialproblems普遍的社会问题Lastweek，Chinaunveiledstellargrowthfiguresforitseconomy.中国上周公布了强劲的经济增长数据。gracefulasaswan像天鹅一样优雅；举止端庄；姿态优美gracefulbearing风采,.,CheckyourcomprehensionB:,1.Youknewthatonehadhealthyself-esteemwhenhe/shecouldenjoycompetinginahobbywhichhe/shewasnotverygoodat.2.Atruecompetitionisoneinwhichyoudontknowforsurewhetherornotyoullbeabletoachieveyouraim.,.,3.Formanyofus,competitionisanadditionalingredientthatkeepsourlifeinteresting,makesusalertandactive,andenablesustobecomemorecreativeandproductive.4.Itcanbecomeagoodpartofourlifeandexertsagreat(negative)infuenceonhowwelive.5.Parentsmustalsosetanexampleofhowtocompetepleasantlyintheirownlives.,.,Checkyourvocabulary:,pervasivecomputing普遍计算技术adaptable适应性强的self-containedadj.设备齐全的；独立的；沉默寡言的defectivemanipulateutensilspromotesabotagesbt:,sbt:vt.妨害；对采取破坏行动vi.从事破坏活动n.破坏；怠工；破坏活动hemoveto在向.发展的过程中在短短的几年内，他们公司发展成了华尔街最优秀的公司之一，（在这个发展过程中）为其它公司树立了榜样。Substandard/outstandingperformer表现欠佳/优秀的员工,.,.,ReadingThree:CompetitionisHealthy,ButitCanGetOutofHand,WillRogersWorldAirport:IsabigairportinOklahomaCity.“Ithinkwegaveascare”,shemeanscolloquiallyandhumorouslythattheiryardsareasbrightastheairport,andcouldbeseenascompetitionforitsbusiness.,.,Wal-Mart,anenormous“inexpensivedepartmentstore”chainthatisubiquitous/pervasive/omnipresentacrossAmerica.Itsphilosophyistobringlotsofinexpensivegoodstoconsumersefficiently.IthasbeencriticizedgreatlysinceeverytimeaWal-Martcomestoatown,allofthesmallermerchantshopscannotcompeteandgooutofbusiness.Thisisbadfortheeconomyoverall.,.,MaryPoppins,OneofWaltDisneysmusicalfilms.Itisacombinationofliveactionandanimation.Itintroducestousapracticallyperfectmagicalnanny-MaryPoppins,whoalwaysdispense