高中英语：unit3 amazing people-grammar and usage学案（牛津译林版必修2）

Unit3 Grammar and usage Period One Present perfect tenseTeaching aim:To give a brief introduction to the present perfect tenseTeaching procedures:1 Go over the news story on Page 2 and find the sentences using the present perfect tense.Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.2 The form of the present perfect tense3 Talk about the uses of the present perfect tenseA We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.The disappearance of Justin has made Kelly very unhappy.B We also use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now.I have not seen Justin since last Friday night.C We use the present perfect tense when the exact time of an action is not clear or important. We use it with time expressions such as:already ever for just lately never recently since yetWe use already for affirmative statements and yet for negative statements.We use for + a period of time and since + a point in time.D We use the present perfect tense to talk about actions that were completed only a short time ago. In this case, just is used. Pay attention to the position of just.He has just gone out.(=He went out a few minutes ago.)We use the present perfect tense here to tell others that he isnt here now.I have just heard the news.(Now I know the news.)E We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, that is, we use the present perfect tense with the time expressions once/twice/three timesF Actions occurring in an incomplete period might be indicated by today or this morning /afternoon/evening/week/month/year/century or all day/night/week, all the time, always etc.Tom has rung up three times this morning.(Now it is still in the morning.)Tom rang up three times this morning.(Now it is not still in the morning.)Complete the following sentences with the proper tense.A We have studied (study) English for about five years.B They have lived (live) in the south since their daughter was born.C I have read (read) your article three times. Its well written.D The student has finished (finish) her homework already.E Eric has gone (go) back to his hometown today.F The police have just finished (finish)searching the area.4 Compare the simple past tense and the present perfect tenseLook at the following sentences and point out what tense or tenses are used in them and the reasons why they are used.A We have studied English for about five years. We began to study it five years ago .B They moved to the south in 1990 and have lived there since then.C Eric left home last year and has just come back.E Justin has been away from home for several days. He disappeared last Friday.F They bought this house three years ago and they have lived here since then.G my brother went to see my grandpa last week. He has visited him three times this month.Complete the following sentences :a Have you seen my pen? Yes, I saw it on your desk just now.b Have you had dinner? Yes, I had it with Mary.C Has the postman come yet/this morning?D Did the postman come this morning?E I have known him for a long time.F Hello! I didnt know you were here in Nanjing. How long have you been here?Notes:1)The present perfect tense is normally used for an action which lasts throughout an incomplete period, but with the past simple tense, we use time expressions which a fixed point in the past.c.f.We havent seen Justin for a week.(He is still missing.)Justin disappeared last week.(It may mean that this week Justin is here.)He has smoked since he left school.(He still smokes.)He smoked for six months.(It means that he stopped smoking then.2) Sometimes, however, the action finishes at the time of speaking.It has been very cold lately but its just beginning to get warmer.3)On meeting someone, you may say: I havent seen you for ages.(But I see you now.)4) For a past action whose time is not definite and often has a result in the present.Tom has had a bad car crash.(Hes probably still in hospital now.)Tom had a bad car crash.(But hes probably out of hospital now.)The lift has broken down.(We have to use the stairs.)The lift broke down.( But its probably working again now.)5 Read the diary entry and then complete it using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.Answers:(2) saw (3) has visited (4) loves (5) hasnt visited (6) has swum (7) has never met (8) has dived (9) has found (10) hasnt found (11) Has, been6 AssignmentPeriod Two Present perfect continuous tenseTeaching aim:To give a brief introduction to the present perfect continuous tenseTeaching procedures:1 Go over the news story on Page 2 and find the sentences using the present perfect continuous tense.Please explain why the tense is used in these sentences.2 The form of the present perfect continuous tense3 Talk about the uses of the present perfect continuous tenseWe sometimes use the Present perfect continuous tenseto talk about actions that started in the past and are still continuing, or have just finished but are still connected to the present in some way.A Ive been waiting for an hour and he still hasnt turned up.B Im so sorry Im late. Have you been waiting long?Go over Points 1 and 2 on page 9.4 Exercises on page 9Answers: (2) have been talking (3) have been taking (4) have been watching(5) have seen (6) have been writing5 Compare the present perfect and the present perfect continuous tenseLi Jia has read a book about Stonehenge.Li Jia has been reading a book about Stonehenge.In the first sentence, it means the action read isnt still continuing, and Li Jia knows what the book is about now, but in the second sentence , it means the action read is still continuing.c.f. Ive cleaned the house.Ive been cleaning the house.Read Point 1 on page 10.Notes:1)I have visited Egypt twice this month.I have been touring Egypt for two months.The present perfect continuous tense cant be used with time expressions such as twice or how many times, because in this tense the action is continuous, not stopped and started again.We can use the present perfect tense for repeated actions, and the present perfect continuous tense for non-stop actions.2)How many times have you swum in the lake?How long have you been swimming in the lake?We usually use the present perfect tense to ask questions beginning with how many/much, and the present perfect continuous tense to ask questions beginning with how long.3) Ive never visited Paris.Ive already been to Paris.always, never, yet, already and ever cant be used in a continuous tense.4)I have not been sleeping well since I returned home.Ive been waiting for an hour.We can use for and since with the the present perfect continuous tense.5)Both present perfect tense and present perfect continuous tenseAn action which began in the past and is still continuing or has only just finished can, with certain verbs, be expressed by either the present perfect or present perfect continuous.Verbs which can be used in this way include expect, hope, learn, lie, live, sleep, sit, study, wait, want, rain, etc.How long have you learnt English? OrHow long have you been learning English?It has snowed for a long time.It has been snowing for a long time.6 A state verb or an action verbI have had this camera for five years.(state verb)I have taken photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)I have been taking photos of UFOs with this camera.(action verb)An action means something happening or changing. A state means something staying the same. Some examples of action verbs are do, go, and play. Some examples of state verbs are like, know and exist.A state verb doesnt mean an action, so it cant be used in a continuous tense.Theyve always had a big garden.How long have you known each other?Hes been in hospital since his accident.7 Exercises on page 11:Answers on page 11A (1)heard (2) been doing (3) been researching (4) been doing (5) started (6) done (7)read (8) found (9) started (10) been doing (11) been makingSample answersB 1 He has been waiting at an underground station.2 They have been traveling in an UFO. It looks like a saucer.3 They probably have talked to animals or plants on the earth as well as creatures on other plants.4 They have visited Mars, Venus, Jupiter and some other planets.8 AssignmentGrammar and usage一、单项选择 (共20分，每小题1分)1. She said that she _ much progress since she came here.A. makes B. made C. have made D had made2.I_thereforfiveyearswhenthenewleadercame.A.hadworked B.workedC.wasworkingD.haveworked3.Oh,youhaveboughtanewbicycle.Where_it?A.hadyouboughtB.haveyouboughtC.didyoubuyD.tobuyit4. - We _ that you would fix the TV set this week.- Im sorry. I _ to fix it this week, but Ive been too busy.A. had expected; had intendedB. are expecting; had intendedC. expect; intendD. expected; intend5. - Alice came back home the day before yesterday.- Really? Where _?A. has she been B. had she beenC. has she gone D. had she gone6. - Where do you think _ he _ the computer? - Sorry. I have no idea.A. has; bought B. 不填; boughtC. did; buy D. 不填; buys7. - _ Betty this morning?- Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.A. Have you seen B. Will you seeC. Do you see D. Did you see8. - Each of the students, working hard at their lessons, _ the book.- So have I.A. is reading B. readsC. reading D. has read9. The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written; left B. were writing; has leftC. had written; had left D. were writing; had left10. His brother is an actor. He _ in several film so far.A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing11. She _ more than 4,000English words when she entered the university at the age of 18.A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned12. -Hurry up! Alice and Kate are waiting for you at the school gate.-Oh! I thought they _ without me.A. went B. had gone C. have gone D. are going.13. When his grandmother _ to walk back to his house, the sun _ itself behind the mountain.A. started; had already hidden B. had started; had already hiddenC. has started; was hiding D. was starting; hid14. -Who is Jerry Cooper?- _ ?I saw you shaking hands with him at the meeting.A. Dont you meet him yet B. Hadnt you met him yetC. Didnt you meet him yet D. Havent you met him yet15. Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ homeA. has left; comes B. left; had comeC. had left; came D. had left; would come16. -Oh, its you! I _ you.-Ive just had my hair cut, and Im wearing new glasses.A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognizedC. havent recognized D. dont recognize17. -How long _each other before they _ married?-For about a year.A. have they known; get B. did they know; are going to getC. do they know; are going to get D. had they known; got18. His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he_.A. had long been expected B. had long expectedC. has long expected D. was long expected19. When I was at college I _ three foreign languages, but I _ all except a few words of each.A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgottenC. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten20. By the time he was twelve, Edison_ to make a living by himself.A. would beginB. has begunC. had begunD. was begun二、句型转换（共10分，每小题1分）1. We started dinner at seven. The phone rang a few minutes later. (just)When the phone rang, _.2. The bank closed at three oclock. Janet got there at three-thirty. (already)By the time Janet got there, _.3. I went to bed at seven oclock last night. Right after that you called me.(just)When you called me last night, _.4. Janet didnt finish the report. She went home at five oclock. (still)When Janet went home at five oclock, _.5. We left for the beach at ten. It started to rain at once. (not yet)When we left for the beach, _.6. We waited twenty minutes. The waiter finally brought our food. (already)By the time the waiter finally brought the food, _.7. Roger returned from lunch at two oclock. Martin got back at two-fifteen. (already)When Martin got back from lunch, _.8. He went to play football with his classmates. He finished his homework. (after)_, he went to play football with his classmates.9. “I have emptied the box.” The boy said. (that)The boy said _.10. His father took driving lessons. He bought his first car. (before)_ he bought his first car.三、用所给动词的适当形式填空（共15分，每个动词1分）1. By the time he came, I _ (complete) the work.2. I felt much better after I _(take) the medicine.3. r Evans is an old man of about sixty. His wife died a few years ago. His children _ (leave) him by then.4. The little girl _ (cry) her heart out because she _ (lose) her toy bear and believed that she wasnt going to find it.5. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (18471931) _ (be) the world leading inventor for sixty years.6. -I hear Jane _ (go) to the Holy Island for her holiday.-Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _ (leave).7. The students _ (do) their exercises busily when Miss Smith went to get a book she _(leave) in the office.8. I wonder why Jenny _ (not write) to us recently. We should have heard from her by now.9. I thought he would say something about his school report, but he _ (not mention) it.10. Although she has lived with us for three years, she _ (not leave) us much impression.11. -Tom came back home the day before yesterday.-Really? Where _he _ (be) at all?12. -What were you doing when the thief broke in?-I _ (turn) off the TV and was going to bed.四、改正下列句中的错误 (共10分，每小题1分)1. I had known him since I was a student.2. By six oclock, I finished my experiment.3. I have worked here for ten years ago.4. -Where are the boy students?-They have been to the school factory.5. He asked me if I have been to Hangzhou before.6. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I have never been to that city before.7. He has joined the Army by the end of 1989. He has been in the army since then.8. Before the news reached him, he has got to know about it.9. He got angry because he has waited for a long time.10. r Evans is an old man of about sixty. His w