全新版大学英语综合教程4 Unit 3词汇详解

Unit 3Text A1.interview: 1. n. 1) a meeting where a person is asked questions to decide whether he can take up a jobWhen she was still at school, she had her first interview, for a part-time job in a restaurant.2) a meeting where a person is asked questions to find out his/her actions, opinions, etc.The film star agreed willingly to give an interview immediately after her wedding.2. v. 1) hold an interview with (someone)他正在接受一地方电视台对他关于失业率的采访。He was being interviewed by a local TV station about the rate of unemployment.2) question (someone) to discover their opinions or experience在一次调查研究中，被调查的女性中超过一半的人都讨厌“家庭妇女”这一称呼。In a survey more than half of the women interviewed hated the label “housewife”.2.grill: vt.1) cook under or over direct heatWe could grill the chops on the barbecue.2) (infml) question intensely and severely (esp. of the police)他被拷问了两小时后，警察才让他走。He was grilled for two hours before the police let him goThe senior detective grilled the young suspect about the robbery case.3.follow up: take addition steps to further (a previous action)让我们担心的是恐怖分子在威胁之后会进行炸弹攻击。We are worried that terrorists will follow up their threats with bomb attacks.If you make a hotel booking by phone, follow it up with written confirmation.Collocation:as follows 如下The result were as follows.to follow 下一个Ill have fish, with fruit to follow.4.in ones hands: in ones possession我的律师有了所有相关的证据。All the relevant facts are in my solicitors hands.His fathers company has been in his hands for many spective: adj. expected; probable; intendedThe chief function of direct-mail advertising is to familiarize prospective buyers with a product.这个世界闻名的大学收到近200名学生的申请表。This university of world fame had applications from nearly 200 prospective students.6.as I see it: in my opinionAs I see it, this press conference is the most successful one we have ever had.在我看来，这些钱足够他在国外生活一年了。As I see it, the money is sufficient for seeing him through a year abroad.Collocation：see about 安排；采取行动see out 送出门，送到门口see to 负责，照料Its time for me to see about cooking dinner.Ill see you out.If I cook lunch, will you see to the children?7.(as) the saying goes: used to introduce a particular phrase that people often sayAs an old English saying goes, “If you want to live and thrive, let a spider run alive!”正如谚语所说，“无风不起浪”。As the saying goes, “Theres no smoke without fire.”8.apply: v.1) request something, esp. in writingAnyone who has a college degree can apply for the job.With admission criteria ranking among the most selective in the United States, Harvard accepted less than 20 percent of all who applied.2) bring or put into use需要用多少力量就用多少。Apply as much force as is necessary.3) have an effect; be directly related这项规则不适用。This regulation doesnt apply.9.endeavor:1. vt. (fml) tryYou must endeavor to improve your work.这个跨国公司一直尽力在最短的时间内处理顾客的投诉。The multinational company always endeavors to deal with clients complaints as promptly as possible.The government has endeavored to forbid the employment of children under the age of 16.2. n. Effort她尽可能地帮助我们。She made every endeavor to help us.The climbing of Mount Qomolangma was an outstanding example of human endeavor.endeavor, try & attempt这三个词都可作动词，有“尝试”、“企图” 、“努力”之意。endeavor 意思是“努力”、“尽力”，无“尝试”之意，指为完成某事需付出的巨大努力，是书面语。例如：Galileo endeavored to prove that the earth rotates around the sun.伽利略尽力证明地球是绕着太阳转的try 意思是“尝试”、“打算”，比endeavor 意思轻，指多次企图去做某事。例如：she tried the little golden key in the lock.她试着用那把小小的金钥匙开那把锁。attempt 意思是“尝试”、“努力”、“试图（做某事）”，侧重有某种动机并开始做，常有冒险性和失败的可能性，多用作书面语。例如：The swimmer attempted to cross the English Channel but failed.那个游泳选手试图横渡英吉利海峡，但没有成功。10.employment: n. 1) a persons trade or professionThe students, who are approaching the school-leaving age, endeavor to look for employment.快要毕业的学生都尽力找工作。2) the condition of having paid workThe economic depression caused a fall in the numbers in full-time employment.未受过高等教育的人在就业问题上常遇到阻碍。People without higher education often face barriers in employment.do ones homework: make preparations beforehandHe had evidently done his homework and read his predecessors reports.在演讲之前，他做了充分的准备工作。He had done his homework before he delivered the speech.11,go after: try hard to obtain; chase在英语演讲比赛中，他去争取得奖。He went after a prize in the English speech contest.你会不会去这个公司找工作？Are you planning to go after a position in this company?Collocation:go about 从事go against 违背；对不利go ahead 开始Fill in the blanks with the proper phrases:1) The case may go against you.2) The council gave us permission to go ahead with our building plans.3) How do you go about repairing this clock?12.incidentally: by the wayI really got to go now. Incidentally, dont forget to pay a visit to your mother tomorrow. She is expecting you.chuckle: v. laugh quietly看到她的惊讶，我轻轻一笑。I chuckled at the astonishment on her face.“Thats a bit heavy, isnt it?” he chuckled.13.rank:1. n. a position in the hierarchy of the armed force or SocietyHe was at last promoted to the rank of Captain.社会各阶层的人都很关心这个案件。People of all ranks are very attentive to this case.2. v. be or put (in a certain class)这座城镇在新英格兰风景区中名列前茅。This town ranks high among New England beauty spots.14.physical: adj.1) of or concerning the bodyRegular exercise enhances peoples sense of mental well being along with the general physical health.人类在肤色、眼睛颜色、体型及其他身体特征上都有所不同Human populations differ in their skin color, eye color, shape and other physical characteristics.2) of or according to the laws of natureIs there a physical explanation for these strange happenings?对这些怪现象有科学上的解释吗？It is a physical impossibility to be in two places at once.15.structure: n.1) the way in which parts are formed into a wholeMorphology is concerned with the structure of words, syntax with the structure of phrases and sentences.不同的社会有不同的家庭构造。The structure of the family varies from society to society.2) anything formed of many parts, esp. a buildingThe house was a handsome four-story brick structure.16.(in)adequate: adj.1) enough for the purpose, and no moreThe citys water supply is no longer adequate. 2) having the necessary ability or qualities我希望他能胜任这份工作。I hope he will be adequate to the job.adequate, ample & sufficientadequate 意为“刚好够或合适”，着重指在数量或质量上适合某种场合，或符合 某个客观要求、标准。 例如：This book is adequate for the use of beginners.这本书适合初学者使用My salary is not adequate to support my family.我的薪水不足以养家。ample 指不但能达到应有的程度或能满足需要的程度，而且充足有余。例如：There is abundantly ample food for all.有丰裕的食物供大家吃。sufficient 通常用来表示数量之多能满足或达到某种特殊的需求和目的。例如：Have you made sufficient investigation in this case?这个案件你作过充分的调查了吗？He has sufficient knowledge and experience for the work.他具备足够的知识和经验应付这件工作。17.deadline: n. a time limit by which something must be doneTomorrow is the deadline for the students to hand in their term paper.由于种种原因，她错过了交税的最后期限。For one reason or another, she missed the deadline for income tax to be handed in.18.make a difference: change the situation or outlook; have an effect在异国旅行会不会讲该国语言大不相同。Speaking the language makes a lot of difference when you travel to another country.你干什么对我没有丝毫影响。It doesnt make the least difference to me what you are doing.Collocation:make all the difference 大不相同settle a difference 消除分歧19.blurt: v. say (something which should not be said) suddenly and without thinking他没有考虑后果就脱口说出了那消息。He blurted out the news before he considered its effectAs soon as the teacher put forward the question, he blurted the answer out.20.pry: v. 1. vt. force sth. open or away from a surfaceCan you help me pry the cover off this wooden box without breaking it?你能不能帮我不打破这个木箱盖而撬开它?Her car trunk had been pried open and all her equipment was gone.2. vi. look or inquire closely and curiouslyDont pry into the affairs of others.Collocation:pry about 到处窥探pry into 窥探，打听21.odds: n. (pl.) the probability that something will or will not happenThe odds are that he will fail his exam.她的马只有10%的可能性会赢。The odds are 10 to 1 that her horse will not win the race. Collocation:at odds with 与不一致odds and ends 零碎的事情22.in the neighborhood of: aboutI am hoping to buy an apartment in the neighborhood of $12,000.He has an annual salary in the neighborhood of $50,000.23.beyond anyones / ones wildest dreams: more than anyone/ one can ever imagineScientists have made an invention which is to change our lives beyond our wildest dreams.在10年前，我做梦也没想到今天我会拥有自己的汽车Ten years ago it was beyond my wildest dreams that I could afford a car.24.sparkle: vi. shine in small flashesThe diamond ring sparkled in the sunlight.The stone sparkles when properly cut.gleam, flicker, shimmer & sparklegleam 指通过模糊的媒介或在黑暗的背景上所看到稳定的光。例如：A few scattered bars of light gleamed in the rain through the cottage windows. 在雨中，几道分散的光柱透过农舍的窗户照射出来。flicker 表示分散的或不规则的闪动，多用于来形容火光。例如：The logs flickered in the grate.木材在壁炉中燃烧发光。shimmer 指水面在亮光的映照之下所发出的柔和的光。例如：Velvet curtains with gold embroidery shimmered.天鹅绒窗帘的金丝刺绣熠熠生辉。sparkle 指吸收物体反射出来的不稳定、但明亮的光。有时可以和glitter互换。例如：The sun sparkles wet grass.阳光在湿漉漉的草叶上闪闪发光。Text B1.adequate: adj. enough to meet a purposeDoes the facility have adequate locking devices on all outside doors? Overall, the service and breakfasts were good, and the rooms were of adequate standard.该设施所有外部的门是否具有足够的锁定装置?2.tear: vt. separate or cause to separate abruptlyLet us denounce the visage and let us tear off the mask.Northern Lights tear the sky, pouring down, such as the dazzling light scattered.让我们揭露它的真面目，撕破它的假面具。3.scrap: n. a small fragment of something broken off from the whole除了一小片面包外，盘子里什么都没有了。There is nothing but a scrap of bread left on the plate.4.wrench: vt. twist or pull violently or suddenly她一直想挣脱丈夫的控制，可都没有成功。She was dreaming of wrenching herself free from her husbands grip, but all in vain.It is virtually impossible for a five-year-old girl to wrench a window off its hinges. 5.settled: adj. established in a desired position or placeThe transition to settled life also has a profound impact on the family.向稳定生活的转变对家庭也有着深远的影响。Being settled and having a wonderful family would be a dream for most people. 6.disguise: vt. make unrecognizable在职场上，大多数人因为想要保护自己，想要让自己融入环境，常常逼不得已而去假装。In the workplace, the majority of people often disguise to protect themselves, and try to integrate into the environment.Children love Halloween and Halloween parties because on this day, they can disguise themselves as personages or ghost as their imaginations will lead them.7.claim: vt. state to be true or existing他们声称获得了民众更多的捐款。They claimed they were receiving more public donations.Some people claim that this burden of responsibility is crushing the spirit of scientific inquiry.8.reckon: vt. expect, believe, or suppose我们认为他是世界上最好的篮球运动员。We reckon him to be the best basketball player in the world.We can reckon with safety that at least half of the participants would support us.9.occupy: vt. require (time or space)Preparation for a suitable outfit would at least occupy half an hour. 军事因素在国家安全中仍占有重要地位Military factors still occupy an important position in our national ricate: adj. having many complexly arranged elements; elaborateWe cannot help marveling at the intricate design of the crown.他优雅的叙述、纯美的想象、曲折的故事，常常给我们以意外的惊喜。He, with his elegant narration, beautiful imagination and intricate plots, often gives us pleasant surprises.11.clatter: vi. make a rattling soundThe iron-wheeled cart clattered down the street.吃饭时不要把刀叉弄得丁当乱响。Dont clatter your knives and