定语从句讲解.ppt

TheAttributiveClause,(定语从句),1.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。,acleverboyTheboilingwaterFallenleavesThemanwhoyouarelookingfor,2.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句。,.DoyouknowthemanwhocametoseeXiaoYangthismorning?,3.先行词：,4.关系词：,关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词where,when,why等。,关系词常有3个作用：,1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词；,引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。,找出定语从句，先行词，关系词及其在从句中充当的成分,1.SheistheoldwomanwhomIsawthismorning.,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,5.限定性定语从句：对先行词起到修饰限制的作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。这类从句不能省掉，否则句子的意义就不完整。,6.非限定性定语从句：同主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加或补充的说明，不起限制的作用，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这类定语从句在书写时大多用逗号与主句分开。,LastweekImetJohn,whoseemedtobeveryexcited.,Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.,A.that指人/物，作主语或宾语,1.Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.,Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.,2.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.,HeisthemanthatItoldyouabout.,关系代词:,B.which指物，作主语或宾语,Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,ThisrecorderwhichheisusingismadeinJapan.,Thesearesometrees.Theywereplantedlastyear.,关系代词:,ThisrecorderismadeinJapan.Heisusingit.,关系代词:,C.who指人,作主语或宾语。,Themanisourteacher.Italkedwithhim.,WangLinisourmonitor.Sheis16yearsold.,D.whom指人,作宾语。,Themanwhom/whoInoddedtoisMr.Li.,Themantowhom/whoInoddedisMr.Li.,ThemanwhoItalkedwithhimisourteacher.,WangLinwhois16yearsoldisourmonitor.,ThemanisMr.Li.Inoddedtohim.,whose在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与whose后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与ofwhich互换使用。,Thisisthebook.Itscoverisblue.,Thisisthegirl.Herparentsaredoctors.,Thisisthegirlwhoseparentsaredoctors.,Thisisthebookwhose/ofwhichthecoverisblue.,三、关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代关系,Eg:1.Heissuchaman_nevertellsalie.2.Heisthemodelworker_weshouldlearnfrom.3.Adictionaryisabook_oftenhelpsustoknowthemeaningsofthewords.4.Thisisthefilm_Ilikebest.5.Theboy_fatherisaprofessorisoneofmybestfriends.6.Thehouse_roofwasblownawaybythestormwillberebuiltsoon.,who,(whom/who),which/that,(that/which),whose,whose,(which/that),who/that,whose,which/that,7.Ihaveafriend_likeslisteningtotheclassicalmusic.8.YesterdayEmilywaswearingthenewdress_Igaveher.9.Theman_legbrokeinamatchusedtobeagoodfootballplayer.10.Kateisreadingabook_istoodifficultforher.,只用that，不用which,先行词被all,very,any,much,little,few,no等修饰时序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时；先行词前有theonly,thevery,thesame,theright等修饰时；4.all,little,much,few,none,everything,nothing,something,anything等不定代词作先行词；5.先行词既有人也有物6.主句以which,who,what开头的疑问句,只用which，不用that,有机器的房间是车间。,Theroom_thereisamachineisaworkshop.Theroom_thereisamachineinisaworkshop.,inwhich,(which/that),一、非限制性定语从句,二、用在介词后,Ihavelostthepen,_Ilikeverymuch.,which,关系副词引导的定语从句,1.When表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time,day,hour,year等）,Fromthetimewhenhewaslittle,hehadknownwhathewantedtobewhenhegrewup.,2.Where表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词（如place,room,house,street,area等）,Thisistheplacewheremymotherwasborn.,3.Why表示原因，常用在先行词reason的后面。,Idontknowthereasonwhyshelooksunhappytoday.,比较：Istillremembertheday_IfirstcametoBeijing.先行词“theday”在从句中做状语,表示时间:IfirstcametoBeijingontheday.(所以用关系副词when。)Istillremembertheday(_)wespendtogether.先行词“theday”在从句中做spend宾语：Wespendthedaytogether.（所以在该句中用关系代词which/that，并且可省略。）,which/that,when,2.Thisistheplace_weworkedlastyear.先行词“theplace”在从句中做状语，表示地点：Weworkedintheplacelastyear.(所以用关系副词where。)比较：Thisistheplace(_)wevisitedlastyear.先行词“theplace”在从句中做visited的宾语：Wevisitedtheplacelastyear.(所以用关系代词which/that,并且可省略。),where,which/that,注意,先行词在从句中做状语，用先行词在从句中做宾语或主语，用,关系副词；,关系代词；,选择适当的关系词完成句子,1.October1,1949wastheday_thePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.,2.October1,1949wastheday_hewillneverforget.,(that/which),when,3.Thisisthehouse_Iwasborn.,where,4.Thisisthehouse_windowsareveryclean.,5.Thisisthehouse_Iloveverymuch.,6.Thisisthehouse_isverybeautiful.,whose,(that/which),that/which,7.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.,why,8.Thisisthereason_hegaveus.,(that/which),关系副词都等于一个适当的介词which，在从句中作状语When=in/at/on/+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for/+which,1.Doyoustillrememberthedaywhen(_which)wewenttovisitthemuseumtogether?2.Thisisthefactorywhere(_which)myfatheronceworked.3.Thisisthereasonwhy(_which)hewaslate.,on,in,for,1.Istillrememberthedays_Iworkedwiththefarmers.Istillrememberthedays_Ispentwiththefarmers.A.whichB.onwhichC.whenD.what2.Wewereontheway_itbegantorain.Idontliketheway_youspeaktoyourparents.A.whenB.thatC.howD.which,C,A,A,B,inwhich/,Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.Iwenttotheplace_Iworkedtenyearsago.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hegave.,when/inwhich,(that/which),where/inwhich,(which/that),why/forwhich,that/which,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,1.Thisisthetown_Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.Thisisthereason_hetoldme.,where,(Whic/that),when,(Which/that),Why/forwhich,(That/which),二.非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：,1、非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。,如：1).Ilikethebook,whichwasboughtyesterday.我喜欢这本书，这是昨天买的。2.)Ilikethebookwhich/thatwasboughtyesterday.我喜欢昨天买的那本书。,2.在非限制性定语从句中，指人的关系代词作宾语时，只能用宾格whom;不能用who替换，也不能省,DoyouknowTom,whomwetalkedabout?DoyouknowTom(who/whom)wetalkedabout?,4.Which可指前面整个句子。,Thesunsendsoutlightandheat,whichmakesitpossibleforlivingthingstoexistontheearth.,Hisfatherisanengineer,_makeshimveryproud.forwhat.which.that.what,B,“介词+关系代词”型定语从句考点,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。,注意：,1若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who,that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。,2“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词,Fillintheblankswithproperpreps.Thisisthebook_whichIspent5yuan.Thisisthebook_whichIpaid5yuan.Thisisthebook_whichwecanlearnalot.Thisisthebook_whichweoftentalk.Thisisthebook_whichIwrotedownmanynotes.,on,for,from,about,in,1.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.(NMET92)A.towhomB.whoC.fromwhomD.that,A,2.Hisglasses,_hewaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.AwithwhichB.whichCthroughwhichD.withoutwhich,D,3.Theplane_IcametoLondonhasflown10,000miles.A.initB.inwhichC.bywhichD.where,B,AS引导的定语从句,as引导限定性定语从句，习惯上用于下列词组：thesame.assuch.asas.as，soas，在从句中作主语或宾语。,1.Suchpeopleasyoudescribearerarenowadays.2.Letsdiscussonlysuchquestionsasconcerneveryoneofus.3.Wouldyoupleasebuymethesamenovelasyouboughtforbrotheryesterday,Mum?,aswehaveseen,asisknowntoall,asanybodycansee,aswasexpected,asyouknow,aswecanimagine,ashasbeenpointedout,As用于非限制性定语从句，常见以下句型,选择最佳答案。1.Canyouthinkofanyone_couldlookafterhimabitforthenextfewdays?A.thatB.whichC.whomD./2.InBritainhehadcomeacrossapainter_nobodyelsehadheardof.A.