汽车英语基础知识ppt课件

.,1,.,2,Typesofmodernautomobiles现代汽车种类Entireconstructofautomobile汽车整体框架Maintechnicalspecifications主要技术参数、指标Runningprincipleofautomobile汽车运行原理,.,3,Unit1TypesofModernAutomobiles,1）cars轿车,3）trucks卡车,2）passengercars客车,5）specialtypevehicle特种车辆,4）tractorsandvehiclecombination,7）farmvehicle农用车8)off-roadvehicle越野车,6）Self-dumpingcar自卸车,.,4,Classificationofcars车的分类,.,5,Crown（2.53L）,Mazda/mzd/6（2.3L）,CA770（5,.,6,2、withrespecttoenginearrangementanddrivingtype,.,7,PassengerCars客车,.,8,Truck,.,9,Tractor牵引车,.,10,Specialvehicle专用车(/vi:ikl/交通工具,车辆),fireengine消防车paradevehicle旅行车(/preid/检阅,游行)mailcar邮车,.,11,Unit2Entirestructureofautomobile,1）engine发动机2）chassis底盘(/si;tsi/底盘3）body车身4）electricsystem电子系统,.,12,Unit3Maintechnicalspecifications,pletevehiclekerbmass整车整备质量2.maximumtotalmass最大总质量3.maximumpay最大装置重量4.maximumaxlemass最大轴质量（/ms/质量）5.vehiclelength车长6.Vehiclewidth车宽7.Vehicleheight车高,.,13,8.Wheelbase轴距(/wi:lbeis/)9.track(tread)轮距10.Frontoverhang前悬11.Rearoverhang后悬12.Minimumgroundclearance最小离地间隙13.Aproachangle接近角(/gl/角度)14.Departureangle离去角15.Turningdiameter转弯直径(/daimit/直径),Maintechnicalspecifications主要技术指标,.,14,Unit4RunningPrincipleoftheAutomobile汽车运行原理,F0,Ft,V,Mt,F0=Mt/r,Runningresistance运行阻力（/rizistns/阻力）Ffrollingresistance滚动阻力Fwairresistance空气阻力Figradientresistance坡道阻力(/greidint/倾斜度,坡度),TotalresistanceF=Ff+Fw+Fi,.,15,Relationbetweentotalresistanceandtractiveforce,Tractiveforceandadhesiveforce牵引力和附着力Adhesive*(/dhi:siv/有粘性的)forceFF=Gcoefficient(/kuifint/系数)ofadhesion附着系数,.,16,Extralargebus大客车,返回,.,17,Mediumandheavytruck中型货车和重型货车（/mi:djm/适中的,中等的),.,18,.,19,Chapter2PrincipleandEntirestructureofEngine发动机原理和整体结构,Elementaryterms基本术语Principleoffour-strokeEngine四冲程发动机原理PrincipleoftwostrokeEngine两驱发动机原理Classificationoftheengine发动机分类,.,20,Single-cylinderengine,Cylinder气缸,Piston活塞,Pistonpin活塞销,Connectingrod连杆,Crankshaft曲轴,Oilpipe机油管,Intakevalve进气门,Exhaustvalve排气门,Timinggear正时齿轮,Oilpump机油管,.,21,Unit1ElementaryTerms,topdeadcenter(TDC)上止点Bottomdeadcenter(BDC)下止点pistonstroke(S)活塞行程、冲程crankradius(R)曲柄半径(/reidjs/半径)actualdisplacement(Vh)实际排量(/ktjul/实际的)enginedisplacement(VL)发动机排量combustionchambervolume(Vc)燃烧室容积(/teimb/室,房间；/kmbstn/燃烧)totalcylindervolume(Va)气缸总容积Operatingcycle操作周期、运转周期(/saikl/循环,周期),VL=Vhi,Vh=D2S10-6/4（L）Dcylinderdiameter,mm气缸直径,气缸内径,缸径Spistonstroke,mm活塞行程,.,22,Unit2PrincipleofFour-strokeEngine四冲程发动机原理,PrincipleofFour-strokegasolineEngine四冲程汽油发动机原理1、intakestroke进气行程2、compressstroke压缩行程（/kmpres/压缩）3、powerstroke动力行程4、exhauststroke排气冲程（/igz:st/排气）,Workingprocessofsinglecylinderfour-strokegasolineengine,.,23,进气门,排气门,油泵,油管,曲轴,连杆,活塞销,活塞,气缸,.,24,进气行程,排气阀关闭,进气阀开启,气压线,.,25,压缩行程,压缩比,.,26,作功行程,.,27,压力线,排气行程,(发动机的)示功图,(/rizidjul/残余的,剩余的)残余废气,.,28,T=12001500Kp=105400kPa,PrincipleofFour-strokedieselEngine,Injector喷油器,injectionpump喷油泵,Intake进气,Compress压缩,Power作功,Exhaust排气,Inletvalve进气门,ExhaustValve排气门,air,T=300370Kp=8090kPa,T=8001000Kp=35MPa,T=8001000Kp=105400kPa,.,29,Realdiagramofdieselengine（/di:zl/柴油）,.,30,Unit3ClassificationofEngine,Internalcombustionengine内燃机,Water-coolingengine水冷发动机,air-coolingengine风冷发动机,Four-strokeengine四冲程发动机,Two-strokeengine两冲程发动机,Gasolineengine汽油机,Dieselengine柴油机,Single-cylinderengine单缸发动机,Multi-cylinderengine多缸发动机,Cylinder-in-linearrangement单列式发动机,V-arrangement,Internalcombustionengine内燃机,Internalcombustionengine内燃机,Internalcombustionengine内燃机,Internalcombustionengine内燃机,.,31,Unit4EntireStructureoftheEngine发动机的总体构造,.,32,connectingrod连杆,Flywheel飞轮,Crankshaft凸轮轴,Piston活塞,intakevalve,exhaustvalve,pushrod推杆,tappet挺杆,timinggears正时皮带/链条,ValvegearConnectingrod,.,33,Camshaft凸轮轴,Rocker摇臂/杆,.,34,EngineconstructionofSantana,.,35,EnginecoolingsystemofSantana,.,36,EnginelubricatingsystemofSantana（/lubricate/v.润滑,涂油）,.,37,Fuelsupplysystem燃料供给系统,.,38,Valvegear气门机构,back,.,39,GasTurbine（/t:bin,-bain/n.涡轮）燃气涡轮机,.,40,Chapter3ConnectingRod,EnginebodyPistonandconnectingrodCrankshaftandflywheel,.,41,Unit1Introduction,FunctionConvertthermal(/:ml/热的,热量的)energyintomechanical(/miknikl/机械的,力学的)energyusedtomovethepistonupanddown.将燃料燃烧时产生的热能转变为活塞上下运动的机械能.Convertreciprocating(/risiprkeit/互换,交换)motionofthepistonintorotarymotionofthecrankshaftandproducepower.将活塞的往复运动变为曲轴的旋转运动而对外输出动力。ComponentsEnginebodyPistonandconnectingrodCrankshaftandflywheel,.,42,工作条件,受的力主要有,气压力、惯性力、离心力、摩擦力,（inertial/in:l/惯性的;centrifugal/sentrifjugl/离心的）,冲击力和震动,.,43,Unit2EngineBody,Components：,Crankcase曲轴,cylinderblock气缸体,Cylindergasket气缸垫,cylinderhead,Cylinder气缸,oilpassageandwaterpassage油道和水道,oilpan油底壳,气缸盖,.,44,Cylinderblockandcrankcase气缸体和曲轴箱,cylinderblockofaudi100,.,45,Classification,1、water-cooling水冷2、air-cooling风冷,coolingfin散热片,冷却片,cylinderblockandheadofair-coolingengine水冷发动机的气缸体和气缸盖,Withrespecttocoolingmethod,.,46,Withrespecttocylinderarrangement,In-line直列式,V-typeV型,.,47,Horizontallyopposedtype水平对置式（/.hrizntli/水平的,横的）,.,48,Crankcase（oilpan）曲轴箱（油底壳）,Function:enclosingthecrankshaft作用：密封曲轴,Oilpanoftheengine,.,49,Cylinderhead,Function作用：Sealthetopthecylinderandformthecombustionchamberwiththepistonandthecylinder密封气缸的上部，与活塞、气缸等共同构成燃烧室。Operatingcondition工作条件：muchheatload由于接触温度很高的燃气，所以承受的热负荷很大。Material材料：greyironoralloy（/合金）ironaluminium(/.ljuminim/铝)：灰铸铁或铝合金。,.,50,cylindergasket气缸垫,cylinderblock气缸盖,cylinderheadcover气缸盖罩,Pad衬垫,tofitsparkplug安装火花塞,.,51,Combustionchamber,.,52,Cylindergasket气缸垫,Function功用：fittedbetweenthecylinderblockandcylinderheadtosealtheareabetweenthemandpreventleakageofgas,oilandwater.安装在气缸盖和气缸体之间，保证气缸盖与气缸体接触面的密封，防止漏气、漏水和漏油。Material材料：flexible,withstandtheheat,pressureanderode有弹性、耐热性、耐压性、耐腐蚀（/fleksbl/易弯曲的;/erode/腐蚀,侵蚀）Payattentiontothedirectionwhenfixing,.,53,Unit3PistonandConnectingRod活塞和连杆,compressionrings压缩环,oilrings油环,pistonpin活塞销,Piston活塞,connectingrod连杆,connectingrodbolt连杆体螺栓,crankbearinghalfshell曲轴主轴承半壳,connectingrodcap连杆盖,.,54,Piston活塞Function功用：Withstandinggaspressureandforcecrankshafttorotate承受气体压力，并通过活塞销和连杆驱使曲轴旋转。Workingsurroundings工作环境：operatingunderexceedinglydifficultmechanicalandthermalconditions高温、散热条件差（/iksi:dili/非常(极其,极度地,很);/:ml/热的,热量的）Material：aluminium,greyiron铝合金；灰铸(/.ljuminim/铝),.,55,ComponentsPistontop活塞头部,pistontop,pistonhead,pistonskirt,.,56,Classificationofpistontop,.,57,Pistonhead活塞头部,compressionringgroove气环槽,oilringgroove油环槽,pistonpinhole活塞销孔,.,58,Realdiagramofthepiston,Compressionringgroove气环槽,Oilringgroove油环槽,.,59,Pistonskirt活塞裙部,Function:formingabearingareaincontactwiththecylinderwall.形成一个支撑面连接气缸壁,.,60,Slottedpiston（gasolineengine）开槽活塞（汽油机）（有槽的）,Heatdam隔热槽,Expandslot扩展槽,Circlegroove环槽,.,61,Pistonrings活塞环,Compressionringsandoilrings气环和油环Workingconditions：Hightemperature,highpressure,highspeed,hardlylubricated高温、高压、高速、不易润滑。Longevity（/lndeviti/长寿）：60,000kilometers1）compressionring气环Topreventcompressionleakageandtransmit(/trnzmit/传输)mostoftheheatfrompistonheadtocylinderwallandtheheatiscarriedbycoolingwater防止气体泄漏，将活塞头部的热量传给气缸壁，并由水冷系统传输热量,notch,.,62,Clearanceofpistonring活塞环隙,sideclearance侧隙,backclearance背隙,endplay端隙,.,63,2）oilcontrolrings,scraper,axialliner,radialliner,scraper,compoundoilring组合环,ordinaryoilring普通环,.,64,Pistonpin,Function：connectingpistonwithsmallendofconnectingrodandtransmitgaspressureexertedonthepistontoconnectingrod.连接活塞和连杆小头，并传递活塞的力给连杆。（/igz:t/发挥,运用,施以影响）,.,65,Connectionofpistonpin活塞销的连接方式,connectingrod连杆,pistonpin活塞销,full-floatingtype全浮式,semi-floatingtype半浮式,.,66,Con