中考英语主谓一致ppt课件

语法复习专题-主谓一致,一、考点聚焦,1、语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。(1).Thenumberofstudentsinourschool_(be)1700.(2).MaryandKelly_(be)alike.2、意义上一致（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。Myfamily(be)watchingTVat7oclockyesterdayevening.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle、militia等。（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。Thenews(be)veryexciting.复数形式代表单数内容的词有news、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、politics、economics等。,is,are,were,is,1,3、就近原则即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。并列主语由连词or、eitheror、neithernor、notonlybutalso等连接时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。EitheryouorI_(be)mad.Eithertheteacherorthestudents(be)toblame.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher(do)knowaboutit.Therebe句型中，也遵循就近原则。There(be)mywifeandfamilytolookafter.There(be)anapple,twoorangesandsomebananasontheplate.,am,are,doesnt,is,is,2,4、应注意的若干问题（1）名词作主语。集体名词family,team,class,group,nation,world,government等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。Myfamily_(be)goingoutforatrip.Thewholefamily_(be)watchingTV.这类词还有audience、club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、party、public、等。Population和“agroup(crowd)of+复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。Thepolice_(have)caughtthethief.People_(be)talkingaboutthenews.单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。Asheep_（be）overthere.Somesheep_(be)overthere.,is,are,is,are,have,are,3,名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。Myuncles_(be)notfarfromhere.常见的省略名词有thebakers,thedoctors,theZhangs等。当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。Thirtyyears_(be)passed.Fiveminutes_(be)enoughtofinishthetask.不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclass_(have)adictionary.,is,is,is,has,4,如果主语有morethanone或manya构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，它的谓语动词用单数形式。Morethanonestudent_(have)seentheplay.Manyaboy_(have)boughtthatkindoftoy.但是，“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语用复数。Moremembersthanone(be)againstyourplan.一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。Yourtrousers(be)tooshort.但如果主语用akindof、apairof、aseriesof等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Apairofshoes_(be)onthedesk.,has,has,are,are,is,5,thiskindofbook=abookofthiskind(这种书)，其谓语动词用单数；短语thiskindofmen=menofthiskind=thesekindofmen(口语)（这一类人），但thiskindofmen的谓语用单数，menofthiskind和thesekindofmen的谓语用复数，allkindsof后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。Thiskindofmen_(be)dangerous.Menofthiskind_(be)dangerous.复数形式的单、复数同形名词作主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。这类名词有means、works、species(种类)、Chinese、Japanese等。当它们的前面有a、sucha、this、that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all、such、these、those修饰时，谓语用复数。The/Thisglassworks(be)setupin1980.The/Theseglassworks(be)neartherailwaystation.,is,are,was,are,6,(11)如果名词词组中心词是all、most、half、rest、part等词语，所指是复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，反之用单数。Allofmystudents(be)workinghard.Alloftheoil_(be)gone.(12)在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Betweenthetwowindows_(hang)anoilpainting.（2）由连接词连接的名词作主语。用and或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。Truthandhonesty_(be)thebestpolicy.Toloveandtobeloved_(be)thegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly_(be)agoodhabit.Aknifeandfork_(be)onthetable.,are,is,hangs,are,are,is,is,7,当主语后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with、like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数根据主语的单、复数而定。Theteacheraswellasthestudents(be)excited.Theroomwithitsfurniture(be)rented.以or,eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso等连接的词作主语时，采取“就近原则”。Tomorhisbrothers(be)waitingintheroom.Eitheryouorhe(be)togo.NeitheryounorInoranybodyelse(know)anythingaboutit.,is/was,is/was,are,is,knows,8,（3）代词作主语。名词性物主代词后的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Ours(OurParty)_(be)agreatParty.Yourshoes_(be)white,mine(=myshoes)_(be)black.such、thesame起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such_(be)ourplan.Such_(be)hislastwords.关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Ihavetwosisters,who(be)bothstudents.Thetrainranoveraboyandhisdogthat(be)justcrossingthetrack.Thebuildingwhich(stand)neartheriverisourschool.,is,are,are,is,are,are,were,stands,9,疑问词who、what、which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。“Who(live)nextdoor?”“ItisXiaoLiu.”“Who(live)nextdoor?”“ItisWangandLi.”不定代词any、either、neither、none、all、some、more等作主语时，要注意下列情况：（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Nowall(have)beenchanged.All(be)present.Letsbeginthemeeting.（B）其后接of时，若of的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。(do)anyofyouknowabouttheaccident?Noneofus(have)seenthefilm.,lives,live,has,are,Dose/do,has/have,10,（4）分数、量词作主语。“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语以及由“some,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,aheapof,avarietyof,therestof+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而名词前面的量词是修饰语。Lotsofdamage_(be)causedbyflood.Alotofstudents_(have)gonetothecountryside.Alargequantityofbeer_(be)sold.(large)quantitiesof修饰少数复数名词或不可数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。largeamountsof修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。Quantitiesoffood(be)onthetable.Largeamountsofmoney(be)spentonthebridge.,was,have,was,are/were,were,11,表示数量的oneandahalf后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Oneandahalfapples_(be)leftonthetable.halfof、(a)partof修饰可数名词单数及不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，修饰可数名词复数时，谓语动词用复数。Halfofthefruit(be)bad.Halfoftheapples(be)bad.a(great)numberof,many,afew修饰可数复数名词作主语时，谓语用复数。alittle,much,agreatdealof,alargeamountof修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数。Anumberofstudents(have)gonetothecountrysidetohelpwiththeautumnharvest.Agreatdealoftrouble(lie)beforeus.,is,is,are,have,lies,12,thenumberof+可数复数名词，theamountof+不可数名词，thequantityof+可数复数名词或不可数名词构成的短语作主语时谓语用单数。Thenumberofstudentsinourschool(be)increasing.Thequantityofbooksinthelibrary(be)amazing.Thequantityofheatintheoffice(have)notbeenincreased.Theamountofmoney(be)great.(5)名词化的形容词作主语。如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构充当时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有therich、thepoor、thebrave、theinjured、theliving、thewounded等。Theblind(study)inspecialschools.但指个别时用单数。Thedeparted（死者）(be)awell-knownengineer.（6）从句作主语。由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。Whatweneed_(be)moremoney.Whatweneed_(be)moreteachers.,is,is,has,is,study,was,is,are,13,在“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此从句中的谓语动词要用复数形式。但是当one前有theonly等修饰时，关系代词的先行词是one,因此从句中的谓语动词要用单数形式。Thisisoneofthemostinterestingstoriesthat_(have)beentoldbymyfather.Shewastheonlyoneofthegirlswho_(be)lateforclasstoday.（7）非谓语动词作主语时，其谓语用单数形式。Tosee(be)tobelieve.Seeing(be)believing.（8）the+姓的复数形式作主语表示“某人一家人”时，谓语用复数TheTurners(be)sittingatthebreakfasttable.,have,was,is,is,are,14,二、精典名题导解（选择填空）,1.One-thirdofthearea_coveredwithgreentrees.Aboutseventypercentofthetrees_beenplanted.A.are;haveB.is;hasC.is;haveD.are;has2.Thenumberofteachersinourcollege_greatlyincreasedlastterm.Anumberofteachersinthisschool_fromthecountryside.A.was;isB.was;areC.were;areD.were;is3.What_thepopulationofChina?One-thirdofthepopulation_workershere.A.is;areB.are;areC.is;isD.are;is4.Notonlyhebutalsowe_right.Heaswellaswe_right.A.are;areB.are;isC.is;isD.is;are5.Whathedlike_adigitalwatch.Whathedlike_textbooks.A.are;areB.is;isC.is;areD.are;is,C,B,A,B,C,15,6.Heisoneoftheboyswho_hereontime.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_hereontime.A.hascome;havecomeB.havecome;hascomeC.hascome;hascomeD.havecome;havecome7.Eitheryouorhe_interestedinplayingchess._youorhefondofmusicatpresent?A.are;AreB.is;AreC.are;IsD.is;Is8.Manyaprofessor_lookingforwardtovisitingGermanynow.Manyscientists_studiedanimalsandplantsinthelasttwoyears.A.is;haveB.is;hasC.are;haveD.is;are9.Aknifeandafork_onthetable.Aknifeandfork_onthetable.A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are10.Herfamily_muchlargerthanminefouryearsago.Herfamily_dancingandsingingwhenIcameinlastnight.A.were;wasB.was;wereC.was;wasD.were;were,B,B,A,C,B,16,11.HowandwhyJackcametoChina_notknown.Whenandwheretobuildthenewlibrary_notbeendecided.A.is;hasB.are;hasC.is;haveD.are;have12.NowTomtogetherwithhisclassmates_footballontheplayground.A.playB.areplayingC.playsD.isplaying13.Twohundredandfiftypounds_toounreasonableapriceforasecond-handcar.A.isB.areC.wereD.be14.AllbutDick_inClassThreethisterm.A.areB.isC.wereD.was15.Soonaftertheearthquake,everyman,womanandchild_aboutit.A.weretalkingB.wastalkingC.talkD.talks,A,D,A,A,B,17,16.Weeach_strongpointsandeachofusontheotherhand_weakpoints.A.have;haveB.has;haveC.has;hasD.have;has17.MyfriendandclassmatePaul_motorcyclesinhissparetime.A.raceB.racesC.isracedD.isracing18.There_apen,twopencils,andthreebooksonthedesk.A.areB.isC.hasD.have19.Thefactory,includingitsmachinesandbuildings,_burntlastnight.A.isB.areC.wereD.was20