新概念英语第二册第67课-Volcanoes

新概念英语第二册第67课:volcanoes lesson 67 volcanoes火山first listen and then answer the question.听录音，然后回答以下问题。why does tazieff risk his life like this?haroun tazieff, the polish scientist, has spent his lifetime studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. in 1948, he went to lake kivu in the congo to observe a new volcano which he later named kituro. tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. he noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. it threatened to surround him completely, but tazieff managed to escape just in time. he waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. this time, he managed to climb into the mouth of kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. tazieff has often risked his life in this way. he has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.参考译文波兰科学家哈罗恩.塔捷耶夫花了毕生的精力来研究世界各地的活火山和深洞。1948年他去了刚果的基伍湖，对一座后来被他命名为基图罗的新火山进行 观察。当火山正在猛烈地喷发时，塔捷耶夫有办法把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方。尽管他设法拍了一些十分精彩的照片，但他却不能在火山附近停留太长的时间。他 发现有一股岩浆正向他流过来，眼看就要将他团团围住，但塔捷耶夫还是设法及时逃离了。他等到火山平静下来，两天以后又返回去。这次他设法爬进了基图罗火山 口，以便能拍摄照片和测试温度。塔捷耶夫经常冒这样的生命危险。他能告诉我们的有关活火山的情况比任何在世的人都要多。new words and expressions生词和短语volcanon. 火山activeadj. 活动的kivun. 基伍湖congon. 刚果kituron. 基图罗eruptv. （火山）喷发violentlyadv. 猛烈地，剧烈地managev. 设法brilliantadj. 精彩的liquidadj. 液态的escapev. 逃脱aliveadj. 活着的lesson 67 自学导读first things first课文详注 further notes on the text1to set up his camp very close to the volcano,把帐篷搭在离它非常近的地方。表示“与靠近可用 close to：he parked the car close to the river.他把车停在河边。dont sit so close to the fire.别坐得离火那么近。2though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs尽管他设法拍了一些精彩的照片manage to do sth. 表示“设法做到某事”、“努力完成某事”，即虽然很费劲，但仍然做到完成某事。另一短语 try to do sth. 可表示“设法做某事”、“努力做某事”，但并不表示完成做到的含义：he tried to open the door but couldnt.他试图打开那门，但打不开。he managed to open the door.他设法把门打开了。i finally managed to buy a house.我终于设法买了一座房子。3a river of liquid rock,一股岩浆。river在这里为比喻用法，表示“（的）巨流”。由于 a river of 这个结构中没有 as, like等明确表示“像”的词，因此，它是一种暗喻。when she heard the news, a river of tears came down her face.她听到这个消息后，泪如泉涌。rivers of blood flowed during world war .第二次世界大战期间血流成河。4it threatened to surround him completely（岩浆）眼看就要将他团团围住threaten表示“威胁着要”、“恐吓”：the forest fire threatened to destroy the town.森林大火眼看就要将这个镇子焚毁。he threatened to leave the team.他扬言要离开这个队。关于 threaten with，参见第62课课文详注。5to escape just in time, 及时逃离。in time表示“及时”、“来得及”，just表示“正好”、“差一点”：i caught the train just in time.我刚好来得及赶上火车。shall we still be in time for / to see the performance?我们还来得及看演出吗？6risked ones life, 冒着生命危险。关于risk作为名词和动词的用法，参见第44课词汇学习。7any man alive, 任何在世的人。alive 为形容词，可表示“在世的”、“活着的”，通常作表语。它作宾语时必须放在被修饰的词之后：is your grandfather still alive?你祖父还活着吗？every man alive has his / her own troubles.每个活着的人都有自己的烦恼。语法 grammar in use表示“能力”的情态助动词及其他有关的动词： can/ could, be able to与 manage to（1）在第43课的语法中，我们学习了表示“能力”的 can/could。用将来时的句子中表示“能力”时通常用 will be able to, 在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时用was able to而不用could：i cant remember where ive seen him.我想不起来我在什么地方见过他。i can sing some songs, but i cant play the piano.我会唱一些歌，但我不会弹钢琴。he thought he could pass the exam easily, but he failed.他以为他能轻易地通过考试，结果他没通过。after byrd had ordered his men to throw out two heavy food sacks, the plane was then able to rise.在伯德命令他的助手们扔掉两个沉重的食物袋之后，飞机才可以上升了。jane cant swim yet. shell be able to swim in a few months time.简不会游泳。再过几个月她就会游泳了。（2）表示“能力”的另一种方式是用 manage to。在表示成功地完成过去某个动作时，它经常代替 be able to。与 be able to相比，它更强调“虽然困难很大，但仍能”这种含义。试比较：he finished the job yesterday.他昨天把工作做完了。(陈述一个事实)he was able to finish the job yesterday.他昨天把工作做完了。(表示可能)he managed to finish the job yesterday.他昨天设法把工作做完了。(暗示他克服了不少困难才完成)如果把最后这句话改成：he was able to watch it after all（他最终看了那场比赛），那么他就不一定是克服困难才看到比赛，而可能是因为情况有变化等。词汇学习 word studysay与tell这两个词都有“说”的含义，但在用法上有区别。1say（1）在表示“说”、“讲”时，say后面不跟间接宾语（人）。如果一定要指明，则用to+名词代词：you havent got much time,he said (to me).他（对我）说：“你的时间不多了。”（2）表示“道别”、“诵读（祈祷）”、“背诵”等含义时用say而不能用tell：well see his boat and then well say goodbye to him.我们将参观他的船，然后和他告别。marys children say their prayers every night.玛丽的孩子们每天晚上做祷告。（3）say有“表达（思想、意见等）”含义，tell则没有：do you have anything to say about the accident?关于这次事故你有什么想说的想法吗？（4）say通常用于表达“据说”的意思，tell则不能：john is said to be very interested in art.据说约翰对美术很感兴趣。（5）say可以用于固定短语 say a good word for（为说好话辩护；推荐）：dont expect that hell say a good word for you.别指望他会为你说好话。2tell（1）在表示“说”、“讲”时，tell后面可以跟双宾语：he told me/ said that he would be retiring.他告诉我说他快要退休了。（2）tell经常用于表示“讲（实话、谎话、秘密等）”：hes telling a lie/the truth.他在撒谎说实话。i wont tell you the secret if you cant keep it.如果你不能保守秘密，我就不把这秘密告诉你。（3）tell可以表示“辨别”、“分辨”，say则不可以：the snake obviously could not tell the difference between indian music and jazz.那条蛇显然分辨