Unit1A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFE

.,Womenofachievement,卓有成就的女性,.,Achievementpage1,achievementn【C】成就，成绩【U】达到，完成asenseofachievement成就感makeanachievement取得成就achievevt完成，达到，实现,.,Connectionpage1,connectionn【C】关系，联系【C,U】连接aconnectionbetweenAandBA与B之间的联系inconnectionwith与相关联haveaconnectionwith/to与有联系connectvtcomplete作动词表示完成，结束”时为及物动词，故用被动语态形式。,.,意义一致原则,即谓语动词该用单数形式，还是复数形式，取决于主语所表达的内容在含以上是单数还是复数意义TheChineseareindustrious中国人是勤劳的TheUSAisadevelopedcountry美国是个发达国家,.,集体名词作主语，如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果强调其成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有army,audience,class,committee(委员会),company,crowd,family,group,government,majority,minority,organization,party,population,staff(全体工作人员),team,enemy等。Myfamilyisabigone.我家是一个大家庭。(强调整体性)Myfamilyareallmusiclovers.我的家人都是音乐爱好者。(强调个体成员),.,像news新闻，works工厂，politics政治，physics物理等词，虽然形式上是以-s结尾，但表示的意义是单数，故谓语动词用单数形式。Thisworkswasbuiltin2000Mathsismyfavoritesubjects,相反，crowd，people，police，cattle等词形式上是单数形式，但表示复数意义，故谓语动词用复数Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives,.,Everypossiblemeanstopreventtheairpollution，buttheskyisstillnotclearAisusedBareusedChasbeenusedDhavebeenused,答案C解析：本题考查主谓一致和时态问题。主语的means为单数名词，意为“手段、方法”，因此，要先排除B和D项;根据句意“所有阻止空气污染的方法都用过了，但空气还是不干净”，可见，此处应该用现在完成时，故选C。,.,临近原则,谓语动词该用单数还是复数，取决于最邻近它的名词、代词或其它词的数另外，or，eitheror,neithernor,notonlybutalso连接两个名词或代词作主语的时候，或由there，here引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与他邻近的主语保持一致Thereisabookandthreepensonthedesk。Eitherherfatherorhermothercallsforhereveryafternoon。,.,需要注意的一些特殊情况,由and连接的复合名词作主语时，如表示复数概念，相应的谓语动词要用复数形式ThemathsteacherandtheheadmasterhaveattendedthemeetingThemathsteacherandheadmasterhasattendedthemeeting,.,有时and连接两个名词指同一个人，同一件事情或者同一个概念，这时and后的名词前没有冠词，其谓语动词用单数形式。,ThewriterandtheteacherarecomingThewriterandteacheriscoming,.,ApoetandartistcomingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoonAisBareCwasDwere,.,常见的由and连接两个名词指一个概念的形式Theneedleandthread针线Saltandwater盐水Theforkandknife刀叉Soapandwater肥皂水Ironandsteel钢铁Breadandbutter奶油面包,.,如果and后面加not，谓语动词也用单数,Myfriend，andnothers，ischosentojointhearmy,.,由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no，each，every修饰时，其谓语动词用单数,Eachactorandeachactresswasinvited,.,主语后面跟有with，togetherwith，alongwith，aswellas，asmuchas，nolessthan，ratherthan，morethan，but，except，besides，including，inadditionto等引导的短语，谓语动词的单复数按主语的单复数而定。,Thedriver，ratherthanhisfriends，isresponsibleforthetrafficaccident,.,Professorsmith,alongwithhisassistantsontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadlineAworkBworkingCisworkingDareworking,.,Either，neither，each，every或no+单数可数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，如something，everybody，anyone等作主语，都作单数看待。,EachofushasanewpenSomethingaroundusismatter,.,在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词做主语时，其谓语动词可用单数或复数。,Neitherofthebooksis/areinteresting,.,以few，afew，many，both，bothof等词或词组修饰复数可数名词时，句子中的谓语动词用复数；Alittle，much，agreatdealof，Alargeamountof修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式,VeryfewstudentsgotothecinemaAlargeamountofdamagewasdoneinquiteashorttime,.,Anumberof表示”很多“的意思，修饰可数名词的复数，做主语时，谓语动词用复数Thenumberof表示”数量、号码“做主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式,.,Asyoucansee，thenumberofcarsonourroadsrisingthesedaysAwaskeepingBkeepCkeepsDwerekeeping,.,Largequantitiesof+可数或不可数名词，largeamountsof+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数Thequantityof+可数或不可数名词，theamountof+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数,.,LargeamountsofmoneywerespentontheteachingbuildingTheamountofmoneyisgreatThequantityofheatintheofficehasnotbeenincreased,.,Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed，hugequantitiesofeartheachyearAiswashingawayBisbeingwashedawayCarewashingawayDarebeingwashedaway,.,Oneandahalf后，名词要用复数形式，但做主语时，谓语动词用单数Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable,.,如果主语由morethanone+n或manya+n构成，尽管从意义上是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数Manyastudentisfondofcollectingstamps,.,冠词the+形容词或分词表示一类人时，动词用复数Thebrave/poor/rich/blind/young/old/sick等,.,14Oneof+复数名词+谓语的结构中，谓语动词用单数形式Oneoftheboyshasgotaprice,.,Oneof+复数名词+定语从句句型中，定语从句用的谓语动词用复数HeisoneofthestudentswhoalwayshelpothersHeistheoneofthestudentswhoalwayshelpsothers,.,如果one前面加定冠词the或theonly，那么，后面定语从句中谓语动词用单数Shewastheonlyoneofmyclassmatesthatcomesfromamerica,.,Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhoawinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.AisBareChavebeenDhasbeen,.,15表示时间、重量、数目、价格、长度数学运算等的词或词组做主语时，尽管他们是复数形式，但如果把这些复数形式的词或词组看做是一个整体，谓语动词就用单数形式Threeweeksisashorttime1000isalargenumber,.,16分数+of+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词与of后面名词的数保持一致，分数作主语，要根据其代表的单复数概念，确定单复数形式,.,Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputerbutonlyone-thirdusedregularly.Nowwehave60workingalldaylong.A.isB.areC.wasD.were,.,17动词不定式，动词-ing，从句作主语，谓语动词用单数SeeingisbelievingTobeginishalfdone,.,Unit1WHYNOTCARRYONHERGOODWORK?,为什么不继续她的事业？carryon（with）sthcarryondoingsth继续做某事carryout执行，实施,.,IenjoyedEnglish,biology,andchemistryatschool,butwhichoneshouldIchoosetostudyatuniversity?上学时我喜欢英语、生物和化学，但是我进大学该选哪门专业呢？IdidnotknowtheansweruntiloneeveningwhenIsatdownatthecomputertodosomeresearchongreatwomenofChina.直到有一天晚上坐在电脑旁研究中国的伟大女性时，我才有了答案。notuntil直到才dosomeresearchon/into对进行一些研究,.,BychanceIcameacrossanarticleaboutadoctorcalledLinQiaozhi,aspecialistinwomensdiseases.很偶然地，我看到了一篇关于林巧稚大夫的文章。她是妇科专家，bychance/accident偶然地onpurpose故意地comeacross（偶然）遇到=meetwith=comeuponaspecialistin在方面的专家specializeinsth=majorinsth专攻某事Shelivedfrom1901to1983.1901年出生，1983年去世。Itseemedthatshehadbeenverybusyinherchosencareer,travellingabroadtostudyaswellaswritingbooksandarticles.林巧稚似乎一直都在为自己选择的事业而奔忙，她去国外留学，并写了很多书和文章。and/aswellas/but引导平行结构careern事业；生涯,.,Oneofthemcaughtmyeye.其中有一本书引起了我的注意。catchoneseye吸引某人注意eye必须用单数，意为“注意力”Keepaneyeon照看Fixoneseyeonsth盯着某人看Haveaneyefor对有识别力/判断力,.,Itwasasmallbookexplaininghowtocutthedeathratefromhavingandcaringforbabies.这是一本小书，介绍如何从妇女怀孕到护理婴儿的过程中降低死亡率。非谓语动词作后置定语raten比率，速度attherateof以的速度carefor照顾，喜欢,.,Shegavesomesimplerulestofollowforkeepingbabiesclean,healthyandfreefromsickness.她提出了一些可以遵循的简单的做法，保持婴儿清洁和健康，让他们远离疾病。keepsbfreefrom使某人免受sicknessn疾病，恶心Whydidshewritethat?她为什么要写这些东西呢？Whynotdosth？=whydontyoudosth？WhowerethewomenthatLinQiaozhithoughtneededthisadvice?林巧稚认为哪些妇女会需要这些忠告呢？,.,Ilookedcarefullyatthetextandrealizedthatitwasintendedforwomeninthecountryside.我细细地看了这篇文章，了解到那是为农村妇女写的。intendv计划，打算-intentionnintendtodo/doingsth打算做某事/想做某事intendsbtodo打算让某人做某事beintendedtodo为了做beintendedfor专为打算/准备,.,Perhapsiftheyhadanemergencytheycouldnotreachadoctor.也许是她们在遇到紧急情况时找不到医生。emergencyn突发事件，紧急情况inanemergency出现/遇到紧急情况时incaseofemergency万一发生紧急情况emergencyexit/supplies紧急出口/救援物资astateofemergency紧急状态emergencyroom急救室reachv到达；与取得联系Get/arrive,.,Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthattime.突然我想起，在那个年代，一个女子去学医是多么困难啊！Itstrikes/hitssb+主语从句某人突然想起/意识到Ithit/struckmethatMrLiaskedmetowatchoutforthatmansmove.拓展Itoccurstosbthat某人突然意识到Itoccurredtohimthathecouldearnalivingbyhelpingpeopleloseweight.,.,Thatwasagenerationwhengirlseducationwasalwaysplacedsecondtoboys.那可是一个女性受教育总是排在男性之后的年代。generationn一代，一辈fromgenerationtogeneration一代代地placesecondto把置于之后besecondtonone首屈一指，不亚于任何人或实物Wasshesomuchclevererthananyoneelse?难道她比别人要聪明得多？,.,Furtherreadingmademerealizethatitwashardworkanddeterminationaswellashergentlenaturethatgotherintomedicalschool.进一步阅读使我了解到，是苦干、决心和善良的天性使她走进医学院的大门。Itis/was+被强调部分+that强调句型determinationn决心，果断Naturen性质，本质,.,Whatmadehersucceedlateronwasthekindnessandconsiderationsheshowedtoallherpatients.后来使她成功的是她对所有病人献出的爱心和体贴。kindnessn仁慈，好意outofkindness出于好意consideration1.考虑takeintoconsideration把考虑在内underconsideration再考虑中，在研究中2.体谅，体贴showconsiderationto对表示关心/体谅outofconsiderationfor出于对的体谅/关心,.,拓展,Itisconsideredthat大家认为Considering考虑到；鉴于Allthingsconsidered综合各方面考虑Onnoconsideration决不（位于句首，句子用倒装）,.,单词积累,considerateadj考虑周到的beconsiderateof为着想,.,TherewasstoryafterstoryofhowLinQiaozhi,tiredafterad