中考英语情态动词用法总结

情 态 动 词 （一）情态动词概说 1情态动词也是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态。情态动词所表示的情态有：请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。 2情态动词本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，必须与动词一起构成谓语。没有人称和数的变化。如：3有些情态动词的过去时与其原形相同，有些与原形不同。 (1) 与原形相同的有： must - must (2) 与原形不同的有： can - could will - would may - might shall - should need - needed have to - had to （二）情态动词的种类：（见下表）原 形过去式词 义cancould能maymight可以（或许）must（have to）must(had to)必须（不得不）willwould愿意shallshould应该needneeded需要used to 情态动词的否定式为：情态动词+not（三）常用情态动词的用法：1can与could（1）表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”，也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。当表示将来的能力时，一般用will be able to；当表示过去的能力时，一般用could。 Can you jump as far as he did? I cant catch up with Jim. I couldnt speak well until I was five years. can与be able to二者都表示“能够”，区别是：can只有现在时和过去式，而be able to可用于各种时态。如： Ill be able to speak French in half a year. He hasnt been able to finish it on time. （2）表示允许。could比can更委婉，表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见，这种用法多用于陈述句和疑问句中。 You can go now. Could you go skating with me tomorrow? Im afraid I couldnt give you an answer tonight.当表示允许别人做某事时，用can而不用could。Could I use your phone for a while?Yes, of course you can.（3）表示可能性。 理论上的可能性 It cant be true. Driving on these snowy roads can be very dangerous.用于疑问句及否定句中，表示猜测或怀疑。这时can 与could没有时间上的差异，只是could更委婉、客气。 How can that be true? I cant believe my eyes and ears. He couldnt be in Beijing. can/could have done 表示对过去发生的事情的推测。can have done主要用于疑问句和否定句中。 Mary cant have gone to school, for it is Sunday today. She could have told Jim yesterday about the delay of the party. 2may与might（1）表示请求、许可。may 和might表示许可时，比 can和 could更正式。might含有试探和犹豫不决的意思。Might表示委婉地请求。May/Might I use your dictionary? Yes, please/certainly.Might I ask you a question?We didnt know that he might be our new teacher. may not用来表示拒绝或禁止，而might没有该用法。 Students may not stay out after midnight.（2）表示可能性、推测might不是may的过去式，表示可能性比may表示的可能性要小。May不用于提问是否可能的疑问句。 I may leave for Hangzhou next week. Im afraid it might snow tomorrow.（可能性小）在表示可能性时，may not意为“可能不”，cant意为“不可能”He may come or may not come. Im not too sure. 他可能来，也可能不来。我不确定。He cant believe you. 他不可能相信你。（3）may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。 May you do well! May you have a good time!3must和have to have to 的各种形式 各种形式时态肯定式否定式疑问式现在时have todont/doesnt have toDo you/they?Does she/he.?将来时will have towill not have toWill you/he have to.?完成时have had tohave not had toHave you/they/he/.had to.?过去时had todidnt have toDid she/they have to.?（1）表示义务两者都表示义务。must表示依谈话人或听话人而定的义务，即主观的；have to表示来自外界的义务，即客观的。 Soldiers must obey orders. The children have to get up early to catch the first bus, because the school is too far.must仅表示现在或将来的义务，过去的义务用had to。 The boy got very emotional when I had to leave, and started to cry.mustnt表示“禁止，不允许”；dont/doesnt have to表示“不必”。 All these books mustnt be moved. You dont have to/ neednt/ dont need to tell him the truth if you dont want to.（2）must表示可能性must在肯定句中表示肯定的推测：一定。在否定句或疑问句中，要用cant和can。He must be our new teacher.He cant be our new teacher.What do you think this letter can mean?表示对现在的猜测用must，表示对过去发生事情的猜测用must have done。在否定句或疑问句中，要用cant/can have done。 He must be at home.（对现在的猜测） I think you must have made a mistake.（对过去的猜测） I think you cant have made a mistake.(3)must表示偏要、偏偏 在疑问句中，must可以用来表示一个人较强烈的感情。 Why must it rain on Sunday? 为什么偏要在星期天下雨呢？ 4will与would（1）表示意愿、决心。此时可用于各种人称。would表示过去式 He wont come to see you.他不愿来见你。（表示意愿）I will try my best to catch up with her.我将尽最大努力赶上她。（表示决心）He said he would do everything for her, but she said she would never see him again. （表示过去的决心）（2）表示请求，此时仅限于“will you (please)？”句型中，仅用于第二人称和疑问句中。would比will语气更委婉。 Will you please buy me an English-Chinese dictionary when you go to the bookstore?Will you have some rice? Would you open the door?(3) will和would用于“劝某人接受”时，只能用some，不能用any。如： Would you like some fish? 吃点鱼好吗？ 5shall与should(1) shall的用法用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或请求。表示“要不要？”、“好吗？”Shall we/I put off the sports meet until next month? 我/我们能将运动会推迟到下个月吗？Shall he go there with me tomorrow? 他明天可以和我一起去吗？用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告等。You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow. 许诺You shall be punished for what youve done. 警告用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示“应该、必须”。The National Party Congress shall be held every five years. 党的全国代表大会每五年举行一次。（2）should的用法“应该”，表示劝告或建议（=ought to） You should wash your hands before dinner. 你应该在饭前洗手。 We should help each other. 用来表示可能性或猜测，译为“应该、按道理说应该” He should be in the office now. I should be right. 表示说话人的情感等，如惊奇、愤怒、失望。 Its funny that they should be confident.（表示轻视） Why should I do that for you?（表示不满）should have done表示某件事本应该完成却未完成；shouldnt have done则表示某事不该发生却发生了。 You should have told us the truth.（应该告诉却没有） He should have known the importance of it.应该知道却不知道） We shouldnt have left so early.（不应该早出来，可已经做了） 6need need作情态动词和实义动词的用法区别： 动词形式各种形式情态动词实义动词肯定式You need to be careful.否定式You neednt be so worried.You dont need to be careful.肯定疑问式Need I say my telephone number again?Does he need to come here now?否定疑问式Neednt he come again?Need he not come again?他不必再来了吗？Doesnt he need to come here?Does he not need to come here?（1）need作情态动词need意思是“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和条件句中。You neednt come so early. Ill lend Peter the money if he need use it right now. need引导的疑问句，肯定回答时多用must，否定回答时用neednt。 Need he come? Yes, he must.No, he neednt.(2) need作实义动词need后接名词做宾语时，表示“需要”某件事物，此时用作实义动词，与一般的实义动词用法完全一样，有人称和数的变化。如： We need three apples. He doesnt need so many books. need后接带to的动词不定式时，表示“需要干某事”，与一般的实义动词用法完全一样，有人称和数的变化。 I need to go to Beijing this Sunday. Does he need to leave his telephone number? Yes, he needs to. / No, he doesnt need to.（3）neednt have done表示本没有必要做某事而做了I actually neednt have bought so much wine-only three guests came. 其实我当初没有必要买这么多酒，只来了三个客人。7had better 主要用于表示劝告或建议，had better后接动词原形。youd better译为“你最好”，含有一种“命令”的口气。故下级对上级、晚辈对长辈不适宜用这种结构。You had better see a doctor. You had better not quarrel with your students whatever happens. (had better的否定式) Had I better not tell anyone about todays discussion? （疑问句） Had I not better tell anyone about todays discussion?Hadnt I better tell anyone about todays discussion?8. used to used to 表示“过去常常、过去是”，没有人称和数的变化，可以与过去的时间状语连用。He used to work in a hospital, didnt he/ usednt he ?否定形式为usednt to 或didnt use to。He didnt use to be so careless. 他过去没这么粗心。He usednt to be so careless.一般疑问句形式是将used提到主语前或用Did .use to的结构。 Did she use to be a waitress?Used she to be a waitress?练习检测 1. Nobody _ do it. Let me _ . A. can, try B. cant, to try C. can, to try D. cant, trying2. “ _ you like _ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.” A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, some3. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _.” A. neednt B. may not C. cant D. mustnt4. “ _ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall5. I _ see the words on the blackboard. _ you write a bit clearly? A. mustnt, Can B. dont, will C. cant, Can D. neednt, Could6. Its a sunny day today. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. can7. Ive looked for my pen everywhere, but I _ find it. A. couldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. didnt8. “ _ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.” A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall9. Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? _. A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall C. Yes, you will D. All right10. Mr. John, we must hand in our homework today, _? No, you _. But you must bring it to school tomorrow. A. neednt we；mustnt B. mustnt we；neednt C. mustnt you；mustnt D. neednt we；neednt11. _ I take the newspaper away ? No, you mustnt. You _ read it only here. A. Must; can B. May; can C. Need; must D. Must; must12. - Must I stay at home and take care of her? - No, you _. A. mustnt B. wont C. cant D. neednt 13. - Can you mend a TV set? - No, I _. A. mustnt B. cant C. may not D. neednt14. - Whose guitar is this？ - _. A. It must Alis. B. It might belong to Alis. C. It must Ali D. It might belong to Ali.need, neednt, can, cant, shall, shouldnt may, must, mustnt, have to, would 15. I _ show hi