延续性动词和终止性动词区别及用法.doc

延续性动词和终止性动词的区别及用法一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念 英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn,work,stand,lie,know,walk,keep,have,wait,watch,sing,read,sleep,live,stay等。 终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open,close,finish,begin,come,go,arrive,reach,getto,leave,move,borrow,buy等。 二、延续性动词的用法特征 1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。表示段时间的短语有：fortwoyears,duringthepastthreeyears,sincelastyear,howlong等。如：IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIcamehere.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如：Itraindateightyesterdaymorning.(误)rain为延续性动词，而ateight表示点时间，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come,begin,get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：Itbegantorainateightyesterdaymorning.(正)又如： -WhendidyougettoknowJack? -Twoyearsago. -Thenyouveknowneachotherformorethantwoyears. -Thatsright. 三、终止性动词的用法特征 1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如： Thetrainhasarrived.火车到了。 Haveyoujoinedthecomputergroup?你加入电脑小组了吗？ 2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如： (1)他死了三年了。 误：Hehasdiedforthreeyears. 正：Hehasbeendeadforthreeyears. 正：Hediedthreeyearsago. 正：Itisthreeyearssincehedied. 正：Threeyearshaspassedsincehedied. (2)他来这儿五天了。 误：Hehascomehereforfivedays. 正：Hehasbeenhereforfivedays. 正：Hecameherefivedaysago. 正：Itisfivedayssincehecamehere. 正：Fivedayshaspassedsincehecamehere. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示段时间的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leavebeaway,borrowkeep,buyhave,begin/startbeon,diebedead,movetolivein,finishbeover,joinbein/beamemberof,opensth.keepsth.open,fallillbeill,getupbeup,catchacoldhaveacold。 (2)将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。 (3)用句型Itis+段时间+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型时间+haspassed+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。 3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如： Hehasntleftheresince1986. Ihaventheardfrommyfatherfortwoweeks. 4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成not+终止性动词+until/till.的句型，意为直到才。如： YoucantleavehereuntilIarrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。 IwillnotgotobeduntilIfinishdrawingthepicturetonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。 5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是点时间(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是段时间(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如： WhenwereachedLondon,itwastwelveoclock.(reach为终止性动词) Pleaselookaftermydaughterwhile/whenweareaway.(beaway为延续性动词短语) 6.终止性动词完成时不可与howlong连用(只限于肯定式)。如： 误：Howlonghaveyoucomehere? 正：Howlonghaveyoubeenhere? 正：Whendidyoucomehere? 延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year? 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词，表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 oclock;例:He died 5 years ago.否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks. 三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave - be away, borrow - keep, buy - have, begin/start - be on, die - be dead, finish - be over, join - be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth - keep sth open, fall ill - be ill, get up-be up, catch a cold - have a cold, come here - be here, go there - be there, become - be, come back - be back, fall asleep - be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach - be (in), leave - be away from, get to know - know, go (get) out be out， put on wear；catch a cold have a cold等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. -The old man has been dead for 4 years. - It is 4 years since the old man died. -Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. - I have had the book for 5 days. 补充练习：1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes.A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3. The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5.You mustnt _ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been17.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on18.He _ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had20.- How long can I _ the book? - Two weeks.A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keepKey:1-5 D C A B B; 6-10 C A A B C; 11-15 B C C C B; 16-20 C A C D D初中英语中短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait等。短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等。一短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法：现在完成时中用法（一）：表示发生在过去，迄今已经完成，并对现在产生影响或产生结果的动作， 常用ever, yet, already, just等状语，谓语动词既可是延续性动词，也可是短暂性动词。如：She has just borrowed the book from the library.(borrow是短暂性动词) I have learned a little about Japanese. (learn 是延续性动词)现在完成时中用法（二）：表示始于过去某时并一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示始于过去某一时刻并一直延续到现在的时间状语连用。如：They have lived in Nantong since 1990. (live 是延续性动词） Mr. Black has worked here since he came to China.(work 是延续性动词) I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn 是延续性动词)所以，在现在完成时中用法（二）中，在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。初中英语中常见的有： 结束性动词go, leave, movearrive, come, reachjoin, becomebuy, get(得到)fall ill (asleep)finish, endbegin , startbegin to learn (work ,read，rain)go outget upborrowget to knowdielose延续性动词be away (off), be out of be here , be in +某地be in , be a (an) + n.havebe ill (asleep)be overbe onlearn, work , read, rainbe outbe upkeepknow be deadbe lost例如：1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F) His grandfather has been dead for ten years.(T)2. My brother has joined the army for five years.(F) My brother has been in the army for five years.(T) My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)3. He has gone away for a week.(F) He has been away for a week.(T)4. The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F) The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T)但是，短暂性动词的现在完成时的否定形式可以表示一种延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段的状语连用。如:（1）Mrs. Smith hasnt left her hometown for twenty years. 史密斯太太已有二十年没有离开家乡了。 (2) The little girl hasnt come to my home for a long time. 这个小孩已有好长时间没来我家了。 （3）I havent borrowed the books from the library for two months. 我已有两个月没从这个图书馆借书了。二在When, while, as 引导的时间状语从句中短暂性动词与延续性动词的运用。when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句都可表示当时，但也有区别。when可指一段时间，也可指一点时间，既可表示短暂性，一时性的动作，又可表示延续性的动作。由when引导的状语从句其谓语动词可以是延续性动词也可以是短暂性动词。while只能表示延续性的动作或状态，不能表示一时性或短暂性的动作，引导的状语从句中谓语动词是延续性动词。as所表示的动作与主句动作同时发生，具有延续的含义，一般同延续性动词连用。as 和 while 可译为“一边一边”，“正当的时候”。例如：(1) She came into the room when (while, as) the meeting was going on.(go on 为延续性动词词语) 正当开会的时候，他走进了房间。（指一段时间）（2）When she comes, I shall tell her to wait for you.(come是短暂性动词) 她来的时候我会叫她等你的。（指一点时间，不能用while)(3) I made many friends when (while) I lived in Beijing. (live 是延续性动词) 我住在北京时交了许多朋友。（指一段时间）（4）While ( As) Helen was reading , Jack was writing.(read是延续性动词) 海伦阅读时，杰克在写东西。（指一段时间）三（not）.till / until句式中短暂性动词与延续性动词的运用。till 和 until 这两个词的意思都是直到，引导一个表示一端时间的状语，其后的介词宾语或从句表明这段时间的终点，用法相近，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句要用延续性动词；正在否定句中，until或till 可以和非延续性动词连用，这时, until和before 同义，not.until 和 not.before 意思相同，表示直到.才,在.以前不。例如：（1）My father kept working in the office till (until) twelve oclock last night. 我父亲昨晚在办公室一直工作到十二点。 (2) I waited there till (until) noon yesterday. 我昨天在那儿一直等到中午。(3) She stood there till (until) he had passed out of sight. (stand为延续性动词) 她站在那里看着，直