情态动词和虚拟语气精讲.doc

情态动词和虚拟语气精讲专题一 语法和词汇知识之情态动词和虚拟语气（4）（新课标）【专题考点】1 考查情态动词的基本用法 2 考查情态动词的推测性用法3 考查“情态动词+have done”的用法4 考查与情态动词相关的虚拟语气在简单句中的运用5 考查与情态动词相关的虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用6 考查与情态动词should相关的虚拟语气在名词性从句中运用【典例探究】1.（2010全国卷IT29） Just be patient .You_expect the world to change so soon. A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not【解析】选A。句意：耐心一点儿，你不能期望世界变化太快。cant在否定句中可以表示推测，译为“一定不，不可能”，可以表示语气很强的否定推测；译为“不能够”，也可以表示命令，不允许或没有能力，neednt表示“不必要”， may not表示“可能不会”，语气非常弱。will not表示将来不会。根据句意与语境可知说话者是在表示推测，并且推测的可能性较强。故选A。2（2010北京卷T 34）. -The weather has been very hot and dry. -Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables . A. wouldnt die B. didnt die C. hadnt died D. wouldnt have died【解析】选D。句意：“天气又干又热。”“是啊。哪怕下一滴雨，事情比现在都要好得多！我的蔬菜也就不会死了。”由句意及题干中的If it had rained even a drop可知事实上第二个人的菜已经死了，题中是对过去的虚拟，所以主句用would +have +过去分词，因此选D。3 （2010福建卷T 29）. Teachers recommend parents _ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. A. not allow B. do not allowC. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow【解析】选A。句意：老师们建议父母，为了安全起见，不要让12岁以下的孩子骑车上学。recommend在句中是“建议”的意思，其后的宾语从句通常用虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“(should)+动词原形”的形式。【知识拓展】常见的“should型”虚拟语气1）. 与表示建议、要求、命令（suggest/suggestion，demand，order，propose/proposal，insist，command，require，desire，recommend）等相关的名词性从句中，通常用“should型”虚拟语气，即从句的谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”结构，而且should可省略。I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。They all agreed to my proposal that we (should) share in the taxi fare.他们都同意我的提议，我们分摊计程车费。The order came that free food (should) be distributed at once.命令下达了，立刻发放免费食品。My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你应该善待她。2）. 在“It is important/strange/natural/necessary that从句”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should十动词原形”结构。It is strange that he should speak to his father like that. 真奇怪，他竟然和他父亲那样说话。4 （2010陕西卷T 15）If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken【解析】选B。句意：“如果我们走另外一条路，我们就有可能及时赶到这儿参加会议。”由句意可知，实际上我们没有走另外一条路，所以没能及时赶到这儿参加会议。本题是对过去动作的虚拟。对过去动作虚拟时，主句用了might + have +过去分词，从句用过去完成时had + 过去分词。5 （2010山东卷T25）I_ have watched that movie itll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldnt B. neednt C. couldnt D. mustnt【解析】选A。句意为：我本来不应该看那部电影的它会使我做噩梦的。从后半句部分“看那部电影会给带来噩梦”可知，前部分语境应是后悔看了这部电影，shouldnt have done意为“过去不应该做但实际上做某事”。neednt have done 表示“过去没有必要做而实际上做了某事”；couldnt have done 过去不可能做某过某事；must表示推测不可用于否定形式，故D项不存在。【知识拓展】情态动词+have done在高考中经常考查的几个角度：（1）must have done sth. 过去肯定做过某事（2）cant/couldnt have done sth. 过去不可能做过某事（3）could have done sth. 过去本来能做某事（3）should have done sth. 过去本来应该做某事（4）shouldnt have done sth. 过去本来不应做某事（5）may/might (not) have done sth. 过去可能(没有)做过某事（6）neednt have done sth. 过去没有必要做某事【跟踪演练】1 （2011浙江杭州七校联考）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently.A. could expressB. would express C. could have expressedD. must have expressed2 （2011山东枣庄第一次质检）- Who did it? - _ you ask? It was Joe, of course. A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need3（2011江西赣州十一县市联考） Whats wrong with you?-Oh, I am sickI _ so much ice cream just nowAshouldnt eat Bmustnt eat Ccouldnt have eaten Dshouldnt have eaten4（2010 江苏省南通市二模） 32. Will it take me long to get to the Sunshine Hotel? No, it _ take you long. Its not the rush hour now. A. shouldnt B. shant C. mustnt D. neednt5（2010江西省吉安二模）23-I failed to catch the early bus because I overslept this morning -You have stayed up too late last night AcouldBwouldCshouldDmust6 （2010山东省临沂市二模）35What kind of car do you want to have? A large one? Well，it_ be largethats not important Amustnt Bshouldnt Ccant Dneednt7 （2010 山西省大同五中二模）22.It rained a lot during their journey, so they have had a good time.A cant B must C shouldnt D might 8 （2010天津市55中二模）2一Helen, will you be at the party tonight? 一Yes，but I really _as I have so much homework to doAcant BmustntCshouldnt Dwont9 （2010山东省临沂市二模）25The voice on the phone was exactly as she_ it would sound，just like her mothers A. dreamed B. had dreamed C. would dream D. was dreamed10 （2010山东省威海市二模）33. If we _ the tickets half a year ago, we would not be able to visit it on May Day now. A. did not bookB. had not bookedC. would not bookD. would not have booked11 （2010湖南省长沙市一中二模）21. “Sorry, I got up late this morning. I _ have set the alarm clock before I went to bed last night.” A. might B. should C. must D. would12 （2010河南省开封市二模）25Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today? I all the way here the heavy snow.Aneednt have driven; throughBcant have driven; acrossCmustnt have driven; throughDshouldnt have driven; cross13（2010江苏省宁海外国语学校二模）34He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，otherwise he a goal Ahad scored Bwould score Cwould have scored Dwould be scoring14. We_ here at lunch time; we were delayed at the airport, though. A. could be B. should beC. must have been D. would have been15. Why _you be talking so loudly while others are studying?I am terribly sorry. A. shall B. must C. will D. may16. George had to give a speech in front of 5, 000 people. Whew! Thats a big audience. He _nervous. He was, but nobody could tell. A. should have been B. might beC. must have been D. could be17. You didnt come to the party yesterday. _?Im not a party animal. A. How can I have B. How would I haveC. Why should I have D. Why must I have18. It is required in some colleges that lights in students dorms _off by 11 oclock. A. be switched B. would switchC. should switch D. must be switched19. The young man has made so much noise that he _not have been allowed to attend the concert. A. could B. must C. should D. need20. After inspecting the building, specialists discovered some faults that otherwise_. A. had been overlookedB. would have been overlookedC. were overlookedD. would be overlooked21. The winner of the race is a tall and thin boy with thick glasses. Then it _be my friend, Mike, who looks like a “meat ball”. A. might B. cant C. mustnt D. should22. It _Mary in the office. Im sure it _her. I saw her off at the bus station just ten minutes ago. A. must be; shouldnt be B. should be; cant beC. must be; cant be D. cant be; mustnt be23. When shall we hold the meeting?It_ be better to put it off until next week. A. must B. could C. can D. will24. Its really a wonder that all the passengers on board_ while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York. A. must have been saved B. should have been savedC. would be saved D. might be saved25. Sorry indeed, I _to your birthday party if. . . Forget it. I know you were out on business. A. must come B. would comeC. must have come D. would have come26. Its hard to believe that such a greedy man _donate so much to the Hope Project. A. may B. need C. can D. shall27. I find it astonishing that John _be so rude to me. Not astonishing at all. He is always rude to others. A. should B. must C. might D. ought to 28. Did you make it at last?Yes. But for your help, it _a serious loss. A. would cause B. must have causedC. would have caused D. may cause29. How dangerous it was!Yes, but for the passer-bys quick action, the girl_. A. was drownedB. would have been drownedC. had drownedD. should be drowned30. “If I _taking drugs, I would be a successful businessman now”, said the dying heroin addict. A. didnt start B. havent startedC. hadnt started D. shouldnt start31. Amazing! You _wear slippers at work!Dont you know its a fashion?A. must B. should C. can D. may32. Why are you so late?I got stuck in the traffic jam, or I _earlier. A. arrived B. had arrivedC. would arrive D. would have arrived33. Whats the name?Khulaifi. _I spell it for you?A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might34. Dont cry over your lost friendship any more. It _be helped. A. mustnt B. needntC. shouldnt D. cant35. What does the sign over there read?No person _smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area. A. must B. may C. shall D. will36. You didnt wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you?Yes, but we_. He didnt return home at all. A. dont have to B. neednt haveC. didnt need to D. should have37. The public transport in Beijing is very convenient now, so there _be any difficulty in travelling around the city. A. couldnt B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt38. After the bell rings, which indicates the ending of the exam, you _stay where you are until all your papers are collected. A. shall B. would C. will D. can答案1 C 2 D 3 D 4A 5D 6D 7 A 8 C 9 B 10 B 11 B 12 A13 C14.【解析】选D。would have done sth. 表示与已经发生的事实相反, 意思是“本来会但实际没有”。句意为：我们本来能在午餐时到达, 但我们在机场被延误了。15.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意为：为什么在别人学习的时候, 你非得这么大声说话呢？很抱歉。由语境可知第一个说话者相当不满, 所以用must, 意思是“非要, 偏偏”。16.【解析】选C。考查情态动词。句意：乔治不得不给5 000人作了演讲。哇！人真多。他当时一定有点紧张。是的。但没人看得出来。这里表示对过去发生的事情的肯定的推测, 应该用must have done, 一定做过。should have done表示“过去本应该做（却没做）”。17.【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。“Why should I have”是虚拟语气, 表示“为什么我就该参加呢？”must have done不用于疑问句; How表方式, 不合语境, 排除A、B两项。18.【解析】选A。考查虚拟语气。在“It is suggested/required/ordered+that从句”结构中, that从句中的谓语动词用(should)do的形式, 而switch off与lights之间存在动宾关系, 所以要用被动语态。19.【解析】选C。考查情态动词。should not have done本不应该干; couldnt have done不可能干; neednt have done本来没必要干; must用在否定结构中表示“禁止”。结合语境可知选C项。20.【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。由句中的discovered及语境可推知此处是表示对过去发生事情的假设, 故此处要用would have done来表示。21.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意为：比赛的获胜者是一个又高又瘦的男孩儿, 他还戴着一副墨镜。那不可能是我的朋友迈克, 他看上去像个“肉球”。cant 不可能; might可能; mustnt禁止; should应该。22.【解析】选C。考查情态动词表示推测。前一个空格处是对现在事实的肯定推测, 意为“一定; 肯定”。can用于否定句表示推测时意为“不可能”。23.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。此处could表示可能性推测：说不定会。例如：It could be better to stay here. 说不定呆在这里比较好。24.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。从题干中的a wonder可知这是一个奇迹, 因此选择B项。should have been saved表示“竟然获救了”, 带有惊讶口吻, 符合题意。25.【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。此处表示对过去的虚拟, if后面省略了过去完成时, 补充完整应该是if I had not been out on business。所以主句中应该用should/would/could/might have done结构。26.【解析】选C。考查情态动词。can表示惊异, 怀疑, 不相信等语气。句意：很难相信一个如此贪婪的人会给希望工程捐这么多钱。27.【解析】选A。考查情态动词。这里用should表示说话人吃惊的语气, 意思是“竟然, 居然”。must必须, 一定; might或许; ought to应该, 均不符合语境。28.【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。but for. . . “要不是”。句意为：你们最后成功了吗？成功了, 要不是你的帮助, 我们的损失就大了。与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 所以C项正确。29.【解析】选B。考查虚拟语气。句意为：真够危险的！是的, 要不是那个过路人动作快, 那个女孩早就被淹死了。根据句意本题考查与过去事实相反的虚拟语气, 故选B。30.【解析】选C。考查虚拟语气。此题是一个混合虚拟语气句, 从句是对过去事情的虚拟, 应用过去完成时, 主句指说话时可能产生的结果。31.【解析】选B。考查情态动词。句意为：真奇怪！你竟然穿着拖鞋上班。难道你不知道这是一种时尚吗？should表示“竟然”, 其他选项不能表示此意。32.【解析】选D。考查虚拟语气。答话人的言外之意显然是说假如没有遇到交通阻塞, 会来得更早一些。此句相当于“If I hadnt stuck in the traffic jam. I would have arrived earlier. ”是对过去情况的虚拟。33.【解析】选A。考查情态动词的用法。shall用在第一、三人称的疑问句中, 表示征求对方的意见, 符合题意。34.【解析】选D。考查情态动词。句意为：不要再为失去的友谊而哭泣, 这样没有什么帮助。It cant be helped为常用习语, 意为“没办法”, “无法避免的”等。35.【解析】选C。考查情态动词。shall用于第二、三人称表示“允许, 命令, 威胁”等语气。句意为：在这个地方任何人不得吸烟或拿着点燃的香烟、雪茄或烟斗。36.【解析】选B。句意为：昨天夜里你们没有等史密斯先生, 是吗？我们等了, 但我们没必要。他根本就没回家。首先排除A项（表现在或将来没必要做某事）和D项（过去应该做某事）; C项只是强调过去没必要做某事, 并且也未做; B项表示“本不必做却做了某事”, 所以选B。37.【解析】选D。考查情态动词。should作为情态动词, 可以用来表示有较大可能实现的猜测、推论, 通常译为“可能, 应该”。句意为：现在北京的公共交通非常便利, 所以在市区的观光不应该有什么困难。couldnt通常用来对过去发生的事情进行有把握的否定推测。38.【解析】选A。考查情态动词。句意为：当标志着考试结束的铃响后, 你们必须等试卷全部收起来后才可离开座位。shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句, 表示说话者的命令或指示。【真题在线】1.（2010浙江卷T10）Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _ . A. would have been saved B. had been savedC. will be saved D. was saved2（2010天津卷T9）Mark_have hurried. After driving at top speed ,he arrived half an hour early.A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. couldnt 3.（2010江苏卷T25） I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may 4.（2010安徽卷T26）Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he .A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy D. will be busy5.（2010安徽卷T32） Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.A. would be B. would have beenC. must be D. must have been 6.（2010北京卷T 23）. -Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.-Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.A. might B. must C. would D. can7.（2010陕西卷T 23）May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt8.（2010上海卷T 29）Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline.A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt9.（2010四川卷T3）. I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 10（2010湖南卷T29）If he my advice, he wouldnt have lost his job.A. followedB. should followC. had followedD. would follow11.（2010江西卷T 23）. I have told you the truth . I keep repeating it?A. MustB. CanC. MayD. Will12. （2009江苏 T 28）He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he_ it differently. A. could express B. would express C. could have expressed D. must have expressed13. （2009四川 T 13） I dont care what people think. Well, you_. A. could B. would C. should D. might14. （2009全国卷 T 25）What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There _be twelve. A. should B. would C. will D. shall15. （2009天津 T 15）This printer is of good quality. If it _break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might16. （2009重庆T 32）Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?She_ in the classroom. I saw her there just now. A. shall be B. should have beenC. must be D. might have been17. （2009北京T 25）One of the few things you _say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A. need B. must C. should D. can18. （2009安徽 T 29）Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they _just be quiet people. A. must B. may C. should D. would19.（2009安徽T 34）But for their help, we_ the program in time. A. can not finish B. will not finishC. had not finished D. could not have finished20. （2009福建T 35）But for the help of my English teacher, I _the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win B. would not have wonC. would win D. would have won21. （2009辽宁T 29）The traffic is heavy these days. I_ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place?A. can B. must C. need D. might22. （2009陕西T 16）He must be helping the old man to water the flowers, _?A. is he B. isnt he C. must he D. mustnt he 23. （2009湖南T 30）Its the office! So you _know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. A. must B. will C. may D. need24. （2009湖南T 32）You and I could hardly work together,_ ? A. could you B. couldnt IC. couldnt we D. could we25. （2009浙江T 13）The doctor recommended that you _swim after eating a large meal. A. wouldnt B. couldntC. neednt D. shouldnt26. （2009全国卷T 20）I cant leave. She told me that I_ stay here until she comes back. A. can B. must C. will D. may27. (2009上海T 27)It _have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car.A. may B. can C. must D. should28. (2008全国卷T 17) Li