中考英语阅读理解和完形填空解题技巧学案.doc

龙文教育 英语 学科导学案（第 14 次课）教师: 陈闯 学生: 陈祥 年级: 九 日期: 2012-2-1 星期: 五 时段: 9: 00-11: 00课 题阅读理解与完型填空技巧指导学情分析学生的完形填空和阅读理解得分率不高，主要是方法和技巧不熟练。教学目标与 考点分析1. 了解初中阶段阅读题的出题类型，解题思路，掌握做题技巧；2. 完形填空题涉及词汇、语法和篇章联系，掌握解题技巧。 教学重点词类和习惯搭配；语言运用、阅读、理解、综合分析和逻辑判断能力教学方法导入法、讲授法、归纳总结法学习内容与过程Step1【中考阅读理解考试指导】 初中阶段阅读题重点考查的内容是事实认定、词语理解、数量计算，主要思想归纳等。而从考查方式来看，则以直接型、转换型和归纳型的试题为主，需要依据文章事实和作者思路进行推理的题次之。 文章主旨和大意的考查。这类试题主要是考查对文章的理解程度，考查内容包括作者的写作目的，文章的中心思想等内容。考生只有读懂全文，才能选出正确答案。 细节和事实的考查。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。 词义或句义的考查。这些词句往往具有深层意义，要透过表层意义来理解深层意义，或根据句子的语法关系分析其含义，要反复琢磨，仔细推敲，弄清作者的真正意图，从而选择正确答案。遇到生词，要根据上下文和一定的构词法知识，如前缀、后缀来分析、判断、猜测其词形和含义。 结论或推论性考查。这类考题答案的选择往往无所谓正确与错误之别，而是最佳与非最佳之别。因此，须读懂通篇文章，弄懂作者的写作要旨，按照文章的内容和逻辑关系，做出符合原文逻辑或主旨的结论或推论，才能选出最佳答案。 拟选题目考查。一篇文章究竟应加一个什么样的题目为最佳，主要取决于文章的内容，英语文章标题的特点一般多以短语或简单句为主。选择标题的一般标准是：一要切题，即能够概括出全文的主旨；二要简洁，即文字要简单明了。上好阅读课的几点注意：一、选好合适的阅读材料。1、长短适中。课堂教学必须要考虑时间。文章太长，当堂课不能完成，课堂任务单调，学生容易倦怠。一般初一的学生限制在50词左右，初二200词左右，初三的 300词左右。2、难易适中。要结合学生的实际情况，不可高估学生的水平，太难会挫伤学生学习英语的锐气和积极性。3、可阅读性。文章要贴近现实，符合学生的爱好。要有趣味性、科学性、知识性，满足学生的好奇心。二、掌握关键词，抓住中心意思。1、默读一遍，回答浅层问题。默读能提高学生的阅读速度，加快主要信息捕捉能力。例如，初三年级的阅读文章hand message。学生默读一遍大约需5分钟时间。回答4个左右的浅层问题。“Where are the persons? What are they doing? How are they talking? Can they speak?”2、大声朗读，回答深层问题。大声朗读，可以帮助学生很快形成语感，更深刻地理解文章内涵。这是第二遍阅读这篇文章，可以问学生一些深层次的问题。“What is sign language? What is deaf person like? Can deaf people speak? Can all deaf people learn to speak?”3、找出重点词汇，理解并运用。由输入到输出关键在于基础知识的扎实积累。对于关键词的重点掌握及运用是知识输出的资本。这篇文章中需要重点掌握的词有： pay attention to 注意， notice/point to指向，tell sb. sth. with ones hand/shake hands握手,让学生试着用这些短语造句，或编一个故事，在运用中掌握这些新词。4、概括文章，复述大意。抓住文章的中心意思，形成完整印象。运用自己的语言概括大意，是思考后成品输出，是学习后的成果展示。先给文章分段，并找出关键句或用自己的语言概括主要意思。这篇文章可分为三段。 Passage 1: show a scene Passage 2: sign language is a kind of languages which is often used by deaf people. Passage 3-4: deaf people can learn to speak if they arent born deaf .三、深挖主题，拓宽思路。1、仔细研究，找出文旨。文章是作者传播信息或信念的载体，要体会到作者的深层含义，重在看门道，不是看热闹。作者想通过hand language让人们了解聋哑人，理解他们，从而帮助他们，对聋哑人充满爱心。2、换位思考，别出新意。看问题要多角度，多方位。不同时间、不同地点、不同环境，会有不同的意义。如果你是一位聋哑人，你会有何想法。如果你写一篇文章有关聋哑人，你会说什么。Step2【中考完形填空考试指导】 完形填空是关于语言总体理解的一种测试形式，是典型的“智能混合”题型，它融单项选择与阅读理解为一体，涉及到词汇、语法、逻辑推理等各种知识。其考查点有： 能够掌握足够的词汇量，正确运用词类和词语的习惯搭配。包括名词、代词、冠词、动词等词类和短语。 基础语法知识。包括句法、固定搭配、句型、词语习惯用法、时态、语态、主从复合句和非限定动词等。 还应具有一定的语言运用能力、阅读能力、理解能力、综合分析能力和逻辑判断能力。 （1）以语篇为载体，测试语言知识和语言能力。试题既考查学生对短文的整体理解能力，也考查学生运用语法知识、词汇知识的能力以及对事物的逻辑推理、分析判断能力。 （2）以意义填空为主。试题在着重考查考生阅读理解能力的前提下，兼顾对语言知识、常识、逻辑推理能力的考查。 （3）降低对单词本身词义的考查要求，注重考查对全文意义的理解。中考完形填空预备选项中所涉及的词汇基本上都是常见的初级词汇。 （4）考点分布符合考查目的。试题以名词、动词、形容词和副词等信息词汇为考查重点，淡化对介词、连词、冠词等结构词的考查，以检测学生在具体情境中灵活运用所学知识的能力。所设空白处，名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这五类词共占80。 （5）有的采用主观试题形式。有些完形填空题全部舍弃了学生们平时接触较多的“四选一”形式，而改之以“自由完形填空”形式，除了要求填入单词外，有的还设置了要求填入词组或短语的空格。Step3.【专项练习】课内练习与训练一、完形填空 These days computer games have become more and more popular in many cities and towns. A lot of small shops along busy _1_ have changed into computer game houses to get more _2_. These places are always crowded with people. In the computer game houses, people_3_ a lot of money matching on the machines. Its _4_ for one to beat a computer, but one can do well after trying again and again. People want to _5_ when they play computer games. The more they _6_, the more they want to win, and at last they even cant _7_ without it. The result is that some people dont want to _8_ and they play in computer game houses for hours and hours. For school boys, things are _9_. They dont want to have _10_. When school is over, they rush to the computer game houses near their _11_. Some of them can get enough money from their _12_. Some of them are not _13_ enough to get the money. So they have to steal or rob others and become _14_. Computer game addiction(上瘾) is a _15_ problem in our life. Something has to be done to stop it. 1. A. streets B. schools C. towns D. cities 2. A. boys B. money C. computers D. students 3. A. take B. spend C. cost D. pay 4. A. possible B. easy C. good D. hard 5. A. read B. learn C. win D. download 6. A. lose B. try C. waste D. watch 7. A. come B. live C. study D. eat 8. A. watch TV B. go out C. stay there D. work 9. A. better B. exciting C. even worse D. interesting 10. A. lessons B. games C. families D. sports 11. A. classes B. rooms C. schools D. shops 12. A. classmates B. teachers C. sisters D. parents 13. A. lucky B. unlucky C. careful D. polite 14. A. good B. bad C. rich D. poor 15. A. important B. wonderful C. unusual D. serious 二、阅读理解 In the early 1990s,the word”Internet”was strange to most people.But today,Internet has become a useful tool for people all over the world.Maybe Internet has been the greatest invention in the field of communication in the history of mankind（人类）Communicating with others on the Internet is much faster.We can chat with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world.We can e-mail our friends and they can read the e-mails within a minute.Giving all kinds of information is probably the biggest advantage of the Internet.We can use search engines to find the information we need.Just type in a keyword or keywords and the search engine will give us a list of suitable websites to look at.We can enjoy a lot on the Internet by downloading games,visiting chat rooms or surfing （浏览）websites.There are some games for free.We can meet new and interesting people in the chat now.We can also listen to music and see films.Now ,there is a lot of service on the Internet such as online banking ,job finding and ticket buying.We can also do shopping and find nearly all kinds of goods.Sometimes we can find something that is quite good but very cheap.1. How many main advantages of the Interne