中考英语语法非谓语动词考点

中考英语语法非谓语动词考点 非谓语动词命题趋势 根据对非谓语动词部分全国各省 市中考试题的分析可知 今后该部分仍将是重点考查点 之一 其考查重点为 1 it 作形式主语 宾语的用法 2 感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词 ing 形式作宾语补足语的用法 3 动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用 4 一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带 to 但变为被动语态时就要带 to 5 有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词 ing 形式作宾语 但表达的意思不同 考点诠释 一 考查非谓语动词用作主语 不定式或动名词用作主语 而分词不能担任句子中的主语 考例 It s very nice pictures for me 天津 A of you to draw B for you to draw C for you drawing D of you drawing 答案 A 解析 考查 It s 形容词 of for sb to do sth 句中 it 为形式主语 to do 是真正的主语 当形容词是表示品质意思时 应该用 of sb 其他形容词用 for sb 故此题答案为 A 二 考查非谓语动词用作宾语 考例 一 It s a bit cold Would you mind my all the windows 一 Do as you like please 07 淄博市 A close B will close C closing D to close 答案 C 解析 动词 mind 意为 介意 后跟动词时 应使用 ing 形式 Mary and I enjoy badminton 07 黔岭东南州 A to play B playing C played 答案 B 解析 enjoy 后跟动词的 ing 形式作宾语 即 enjoy doing something 意为 喜欢 做 某事 So hot in the classroom Would you mind the windows 0K I ll do it right now 黄冈市 A not closing B not opening C closing D opening 答案 D 解析 mind 是中考的重点考查词汇 其后跟 v ing 表示 介意 Mr Wang I have trouble the text 一 Remember it three times at least 威海市 A to understand reading B understanding reading C understanding to read D to understand to read at night 答案 C 解析 have trouble doing something 意为 做某事有困难 所以答案在 B 与 C 中 remember to do something 意为 记得 去 做某事 remember doing something 意为 记得做过某事 由对话的语境可知 前者正确 How are you feeling here It s quite hot I don t know to go or stay 武汉 A how B when C whether D where 答案 C 解析 考查 疑问词 动词不定式 的用法 根据句意 我不知道是走还是留下 来 故选 C Many people think it s very important us learn English well 贵阳 A for to B to to C with for 答案 A 解析 考查 主语 feel think make find it adj for sb to do sth 句中 it 为形式宾语 to do 是真正的宾语 故此题答案为 A The menu has so many good things I can t decide 河北 A what to eat B how to eat C where to eat D when to eat 答案 A 解析 考查 疑问词 动词不定式 的用法 根据句意 我不能决定吃什么 故选 A 12 My dad bought me a new MP4 but I don t know Let s read the instructions 河南课改试验区 A what to use B which one to use C how to use it D when to use it 答案 C 解析 考查 疑问词 动词不定式 的用法 根据句意 我不知道如何使用 故选 C 13 It took my daughter two weeks the novels by Yand Hongying 潍坊 A read written B to read written C reading to write D to read wrote 答案 B 解析 It takes sb some time to do sth 表示花费多长时间做某 事 novel 与 write 的关系是动宾关系 应用过去分词 表示被动 故答案为 B Drivers are warned when they are tired 佛山 A to drive B not drive C not to drive 答案 C 解析 考查动词不定式的否定结构 否定形式是在 to 前面加 not 故选 C If you want to know the mobile phone you d better read the instructions first 大连 A how to use B how to make C where to mend D where to buy 答案 A 解析 考查 疑问词 动词不定式 的用法 根据句意 如果你想要知道如何使 用手机的话 你最好先看一看说明书 故选 A China will spend about 52 billion yuan new airports and old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five Year Plan period 时期 07 临沂市 A repairing building B to build repair C building repairing D to repair build 答案 C 解析 本题主要是考查动词 spend 的用法 spend doing something 意为 花费 做某事 由此可排除 B D 两项 再从句意上看 应是 修建 新机场 维修 旧 机场 3 students should pay attention to the teacher in class 07 泰州市 A hear B1istento C listening to D hearing of 答案 C 解析 本题考查了介词后跟动词的情况 pay attention to 意为 注意 其中 to 是介词 所以后面的动词应使用动名词形式 hear of 意为 听说 与句意不符 三 考 查非谓语动词用作宾语补足语 原则上 所有的非谓语动词形式均可用作宾语补足语 其区别是 不定式表未来 现在分 词表进行 过去分词表完成和被动 考例 Alice asked me another bag for her 北京市课标卷 A get B got C to get D getting 答案 C 解析 ask sb to do sth 表示让某人做某事 此句话的意思为 爱丽丝叫 我给她再带一个包 Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer 长沙 A swim B to swim C swimming 答案 B 解析 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法 tell sb to do sth 表示告诉 某人做某事 tell 后边要加不定式 否定形式是在 to 前面加 not 根据题意 应选 B What did your sister say to you last night She asked me my father her secret 绍兴 A to tell not B not to tell C don t tell D not tell 答案 B 解析 tell sb to do sth 表示告诉某人做某事 tell 后边要加不定式 否 定形式是在 to 前面加 not 根据题意 应选 B Betty is often seen the old man with his housework 咸宁 A help B to help C helped D helps 答案 B 解析 考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法 在 make let have 等使役动 词和 see watch notice hear listen to look at feel 等感官动词后的复合宾语中 动词不定式不带 to 当使役动词和感官动词变为被动语态时 不定式就成了主语补语 作 主语补语的不定式必须加 to 故选 B Time goes by so fast We must never miss the chance to show love for our parents and make them how much they mean to us 哈尔滨 A to know B knowing C know 答案 C 解析 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法 make sb do sth 表示 使某 人 故选 C How do you feel when you see the national flag of China It makes us proud 包头 A feel B to feel C felt D feeling 答案 A 解析 考查感官动词后接动词不定式的用法 在 make let have 等使役动 词和 see watch notice hear listen to look at feel 等感官动词后的复合宾语中 动词不定式不带 to 故选 A 四 考查非谓语动词用作定语 考例 Shopping with me Sorry I have a lot of clothes 2004 江西省南昌 A to wash B washed C wash D to be washed 答案 A 命题立意 本题考查动词不定式作定语的用法 试题解析 作定语用的不定式的逻辑主语是句中主语或宾语时 就用主动式的不定式来 表被动意义 故选 A 五 考查非谓语动词用作状语 考例 Linda I am very thirsty Let s go to the nearest supermarket some drinks OK 重庆 A buy B bought C to buy D buying 答案 C 解析 考查不定式作目的状语的用法 句意为 咱们去最近的超级市场买些 饮料 In order the word a friendly place one must show a friendly face 乐山 A makes B making C to make D make 答案 C 解析 考查动词不定式作目的状语的特殊结构 in order to do sth 表示 为 了 的意思 不定式作目的状语 故选 C 一 There goes the bell 一 It s time for class Let s stop 福州市 A talk B to talk C talking D not talk 答案 C 解析 动词 stop 后既可接动词不定式作宾语 即 stop to do sth 也可以接 动词的一 ing 形式作定语 即 stop doing sth 前者表示停下来 开始 做后面的动作 后者表示停止当前的动作 由语境 铃响了 到了上课时间 应停止交谈 可知 应选 C 项 语法回顾 动词不定式 动词不定式由 to 动词原形 构成 其主动式有一般式 进行时 完成式和完成进行式 其被动式 进行式和完成式 如下表 时态 语态 主动 被动 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 动词不定式主动式的句法功能 1 动词不定式作主语 当动词不定式作主语时 其谓语动词常用单数 例如 To say something is one thing to do it is another 说是一回事 做是另一回事 To help animals is helping people 帮助动物就是帮助人 It is very difficult for us to learn Chinese well 对于我们而言 学好汉语是非常的 困难 It took me half an hour to work out this problem 解出这道题花了我一个小时的时 间 当动词不定式在句子中作主语时 通常使用 it 作形式主语而真正主语则是不定式或不定式短 语 以使句子保持平衡 例如 It s so nice to hear your voice 听到你的声音真高兴 It is not difficult to work out the problem 弄清这个节目的情况并不困难 It s very kind of you to help us 他帮助我们 他真好 It s for sb 和 It s of sb 这样的句子中 由于表语形容词性质的不同 导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用 for 或 of 的区 别 1 for sb 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点 表示客观形式的形容词 如 easy hard difficult interesting impossible 等 例如 It s very hard for him to study two languages 对他来说学两门外语是很难的 2 of sb 句型中的形容词一般为表示性格 品德 心智能力 表示主观感情或态度的形容 词 如 good kind nice clever foolish right 例如 It s very nice of you to help me 你来帮助我 你真是太好了 2 动词不定式作表语 不定式可放在 be 动词后面 形成表语 例如 My work is to clean the room every day 我的工作是每天清扫房间 His dream is to be a doctor 他的梦想是成为一名医生 3 动词不定式作宾语 1 及物动词 ask agree beg care choose decide expect force fail hesitate claim hope learn long manage offer pretend plan prepare promise refu se want wish 等要求动词不定式作宾语 例如 We want to learn some body language 我们想学习一点身势语 She has decided to go to Guangzhou tomorrow 她已经决定明天去广州 No one can afford to buy such an expensive suit 没有人能担负起买如此昂贵的服 装 4 动词不定式作宾语补足语 有的动词后接带 to 的动词不定式作补语 有的动词后接不带 to 的动词不定式 1 能以带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有 ask allow get warn tell invite force oblige beg wish want like hate expect encourage advise persuade permit request order cause know call on 等 例如 Would you like me to help you 你要我帮忙吗 Father will not allow us to play on the street 2 用不带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有 see hear watch notice observe listen to look at feel let have make 等 但是 这类句子变为被动语态时 不定式符 号 to 仍保留 例如 I saw him dance 我看见他跳舞 He was seen to dance The boss made them work the whole night 老板让他们整夜干活 They were made to work the whole night 5 动词不定式与疑问词 介词的连用 1 decide find out forget know learn remember wonder 等动词常接 疑问词 动词不定式 这个结构 用作宾语 疑问词一般是 what who m where how whether why which 例如 Would you teach us how to drive a car 你愿意教我们如何开车吗 Let me tell you what to do now 让我来告诉你现在该做什么 当宾语是不定式 短语 时 如果其后有宾语补足语 则须用 it 作形式宾语 而把真正的 宾语放在补语之后 即 主语 谓语 it 宾补不定式 短语 常见的谓语动词有 think make feel find etc 例如 I don t think it is necessary to buy a bigger computer 我认为没有必要买那个大功 能的计算机 He found it important to study the situation in Russian 他发现研究俄国形势非常 重要 6 动词不定式作定语 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后 往往表示未发生的动作 例如 I have a lot of work to do 我有许多事要做 There was nothing to bring home that morning 那天早上 他回家时 两手空空 7 动词不定式作状语 不定式通常在句子里可作目的 条件 原因和结果状语 1 目的状语 常用结构为 to do only to do 仅仅为了 in order to do so as to do so such as to 如此 以便 例如 He ran so fast as to catch the first bus 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车 I come here only to say good bye to you 我来仅仅是向你告别 2 作结果状语 可以表示没有预料到的或事与愿违的结果 不定式要放在句子后面 I awoke to find my truck gone 我醒来发现箱子不见了 He searched the room only to find nothing 他搜索了房间 没发现什么 3 表原因 I m glad to see you 见到你很高兴 She wept to see the sight 她一看到这情形就哭了 4 表示理由和条件 He must be a fool to say so 他可定是傻子才这样说 You will do well to speak more carefully 如果你仔细说 你会做得更好 III 不定式的否定和省略形式 一 不定式的否定 不定式的否定通常应直接在不定式前加否定词 not 注 否定词 never 也可构成不定式的 否定形式 Tell him not to shut the window 让他别关窗 She pretended not to see me when I passed by 我走过的时候 她假装没看见 关于 too to 表示否定的情况 表示 如此 以致不能 一般表示否定 例如 He is too young to go to school He is so young that he can t go to school 他年龄太小 不能上学 She was too excited to say a word She was so excited that she could not say a word 他激动的连一句话也说不出来 二 不定式的省略形式 1 情态动词 除 ought 外 后 2 使役动词 let have make 后 感官动词 see watch look at notice observe hear listen to smell feel find 等后 注意 被动语态中不能省去 to 例如 I saw him dance 我看见他跳舞 He was seen to dance The boss made them work the whole night 老板让他们整夜干活 They were made to work the whole night 3 would rather had better 句型后 4 Why why no 句型后 5 help 后可带 to 也可不带 to help sb to do sth 6 but 和 except 后 but 前是实义动词 do 时 后面出现的不定式不带 to 比较 He wants to do nothing but go out 他只想出去玩 He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine 除了吃这药 他 什么都信 7 由 and or 和 than 连接的两个不定式 第二个 to 可以省去 8 通常在 discover imagine suppose think 等词后作宾补时 可以省去 to be 例 如 He is supposed to be nice 他应该是个好人 第二节 动名词 1 动名词作主语 1 动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别 一般地说 动名词表示抽象的 一般的行为 尤其是强调多次性的动作 不定式表示具体的 某一次的动作 特别是将来的动作 例如 Checking information is very important 核实情况是非常重要的 Learning a foreign language is very useful to me 学习一门外语 来说是非常重要 的 2 动名词作宾语 1 有些动词只能用动名词作直接宾语 不 能用不定式作直接宾语 如 admit advise avoid consider delay finish mind miss permit practise enjoy resist risk appreciate imagine 例如 He finished reading the book yesterday 他昨天看完这本书 Have you considered looking for one special friend 你是否考虑过找一位特别亲密 的朋友呢 2 动名词作介词宾语的用法 be used to prevent from depend on feel like be fond of be proud of put off give up devote oneself to help yourself to be busy in be afraid of apologize for 等 例如 I don t feel like walking very much today 今天我不想走太多的路 The Great Green will stop the wind from blowing the earth away 绿色长城将阻 止风刮走土 注意 动名词前的介词有时可以省略 如 have difficulty in doing have no trouble in doing lose no time in doing prevent stop from doing there is no use in doing 等 例如 I have some difficult in pronouncing some of the words in English 我发某些英语 单词的音有一些困难 The heavy rain kept them from going out 大雨阻止了他们外出 We must stop them from making the same mistake again 我们必须防止犯同 样的错误 3 有些动词即可用动名词作直接宾语 也可以用不定式作直接宾语 两者有着截然不同 的意义 1 like love prefer hate 等表示喜爱 厌恶 偏好的情感动词 后跟不定式 表示 仅一时的爱憎情感或指特定或具体某次行为 后跟动名词表示 抽象性的一种倾向 爱好或习惯性的动作 例如 I don t like to read this novel 我不喜欢看这本小说 I don t like reading in bed 我不喜欢在床上看书 I prefer to work rather than sit idle 我情愿工作而不愿闲坐着 注意 这几个词前面有 would should 时 后面都只跟不定式 例如 Would you like to dine out 你愿意在外面吃顿饭吗 2 动词 remember forget stop go on try regret can t help 等既能以动 词不定式又能以动名词作宾语 但表达的意思却不同 与动词不定式连用时 表示未完成 的动作 例如 remember 后用动名词表示 记起过去做过的一件事 后用动词不定式表示 记住要去 做某一件事情 例如 Remember to go to the post office after school 记着放学后去趟邮局 Don t you remember seeing the man before 你不记得以前见过那个人吗 forget 后用动词不定式表示 忘记要去做某件事情 后用动名词表示 忘记过去做过的一 件事情 例如 The light in the office is still on He forgot to turn it off 办公室的灯还在亮着 他 忘记关了 没有做关灯的动作 He forgot turning the light off 他忘记他已经关了灯了 已做过关灯的动作 stop 后用动词不定式表示 停下来做另一件事情 停下来的目的 后用动名词表示 停 止正在做的事情 例如 They stop to smoke a cigarette 他们停下来 抽了根烟 I must stop smoking 我必须戒烟了 go on doing sth 表示 继续不停地做某事 或 一件事没有做完 停顿后继续做下去 与 原来所做的事相同 例如 After he had finished his maths he went on to do his physics 做完数学后 他 接着去做物理 Go on doing the other exercise after you have finished this one 作完这个练习 后 接着做其他的练习 try 用动词不定式表示 设法去做某件事情 后用动名词表示 试一试某种办法 例如 You must try to be more careful 你可要多加小心 I tried gardening but didn t succeed 我试着种果木花卉 但未成功 mean 后用动词不定式表示 打算 想要做某事 后用动名词表示 意味着 意思是 例 如 I meant to tell you yesterday but you were not in your office 我打算昨天告诉 你 但是你不在办公室 Missing the train means waiting for an hour 错过这趟火车就意味着还要等一个小时 can t help 后用动词不定式表示 不能帮助做 后用动名词表示 禁不住 不得不 例如 He couldn t help finishing it 他不得不把这件事完成 We couldn t help to finish it 我们不能帮助完成这件事 be afraid doing to do be afraid to do 不敢 胆怯去做某事 是主观上的原因不去做 意为 怕 be afraid of doing 担心出现 doing 的状况 结果 doing 是客观上造成的 意为 生怕 恐怕 例如 She was afraid to wake her husband 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫 She was afraid of waking her husband 她生怕吵醒她丈夫 learn 后跟不定式表示 学会了做某事 或 学着做某事 跟动名词表示 学过做某事 但不 一定会了 例如 He has learned to type 他学会了打字 指会使用打字机 He has learned typing 他学过打字 他不一定会使用打字机 4 动词 need want require 以及 be worth 之后动名词的主动语态含有被动的意思 相当于不定式的被动语态 例如 His clothes need mending to be mended 他的衣服需要缝补 Our teacher said that the way of study needed improving 老师说我们的这种学习 方法需要改进 These babies will require taking good care of 这些婴儿需要细心照料 His talk is well worth listening to 他的报告很值得一听 3 动名词的否定形式的表达方式 动名词否定结构由 not 动名词 构成 I regret not having worked not working hard at school 我后悔过去上学时学习不 努力 It is no use buying books but not reading them 买了书却不读是没有什么用处的 第三节 分 词 分词是非谓语动词中的一种形式 是英语教学过程中的重点 难点 也是历届高考考查语 法点之一 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种 它在句子里可作表语 宾语补足语定语和 状语 但要注意分词具有主动和进行的意味而过去分词却具有被动和完成的意味 一 分词在句中的功能 1 分词作表语 现在分词作表语 多表示主语所具有的特征或性质 意为 令人怎样 含主动意味 如 astonishing disappointing exciting amusing frightening interesting sur prising relaxing shocking tiring worrying puzzle ing moving 过去分 词作表语多表示主语的状态 意为 对什么感受怎样 有被动意味 如 astonished disappointed excited amused frightened interested surpris ed relaxed shocked tired worried puzzled moved 例如 Our trip was disappointing 我们的这次旅行让人失望 We was disappointed at our trip 我们对这次旅行感到失望 This story is interesting 这个故事有趣 I am interested in this story 我对这故事感兴趣 2 分词作宾语补足语 分词作宾语补足语时 也要注意主动与被动的关系这种关系主要体现在宾补与宾语之间的 主动与被动的关系 He s going to have his hair cut 他将要去理发 I must get my bike repaired 我得去修理我的自行车 动词 have let make 等也可带用过去分词表示的宾语补足语 在这种结构中主语通常 不是分词所表示的动作的发出者 能带分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有 see feel watch make let have 等 例如 You often see musicians performing in the streets 你经常看到音乐家在街上演奏 We watched three old men sharing their food with each other 我们观看三个老人 相互分享他们的食物 3 分词作定语 不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行 过去分词强调完成 及物动词的现 在分词作定语强调主动 过去分词强调被动 分词的完成式一般不作定语 分词作其他成分时 也是如此 分词作 定语 单个的分词作定 语一般前置 分词词组 个别分词如 given left 等 修饰不定代词等的分词 作定语需后 置 例如 We can see the rising sun 我们可以看到东升的旭日 He is a retired worker 他是位退休的工人 There was a girl sitting there 有个女孩坐在那里 This is the question given 这是所给的问题 There is nothing interesting 没有有趣的东西 分词作定语相当于定语从句 如 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists Most of the people who were invited to the party were famous scientists 分词 包含现在分词和过去分词 高中学习重点 主要区别 现在分词一般有主动的意思或表示动作正在进行的意思 过去分词有被动或 动 作已经完成的意思 分词可以有自己的宾语或状语 分词或分词短语在句子中作定语 状语和复合宾语等 A 作定语 分词作定语时 一般要放在修饰的名词之前 分词短语作定语时 则要放在所修 饰的名词之后 如 I have got a running nose 我流鼻涕 The woman running after the thief shouted very loudly Stop the thief 跟着 小偷追的妇女大喊 捉小偷 Yesterday I met a man called Mr Black 昨天我遇见了一个名叫布莱克先生的人 He only gave me a broken glass so I was very angry with him 他只给了我一个 坏玻璃杯 所以我很生他的气 B 现在分词可以作下列动词的宾语补足语 参考不定式作宾语补足语 谓语动词 vt 宾语 宾语补足语 keep 保持 see 看到 hear 听到 watch 注意到 feel 感觉到 sb sth do ing 如 Mum kept me working all the week 妈妈让我一个星期都在工作 When I entered the room I saw Jack eating a big pear 我进入房间时看到杰克正 在吃一只大梨子 In the dark I felt something very cold moving on my foot 黑暗之中我感到有个 冷的东西在我的脚上移动 C 现在分词可以作状语 表示伴随情况 如 She came into the classroom holding a pile of papers in her hand 他走进教室 手上抓着一沓纸 I am very busy these days getting ready for the coming oral test 这些日子我正忙着准备即将来到的口语考试 D 过去分词可以作表语 放在连系动词后面 但要注意不要与被动语态混淆 主系表 主要 表示状态 而被动语态则表示动作 常用过去分词作表语的结构有 be worried 焦虑 be pleased 高兴 be tired 疲劳 get dressed 打扮好 get lost 迷路 get caught 遭遇 become frustrated 沮丧 become intereted in 对 感兴趣 等 等 例略 E 过去分词可以作宾语补足语 如 I had my hair cut this morning 今天早上我让人给我理了发 注意 have sth done 表示动作由别人来做 而 have done sth 则为现在完成时的结构 两个结构不可以混 淆 语法过关 1 Tom likes cars He enjoys model cars of all kinds A collects B collecting C to collect D collected 2 The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers halfway A stop B to stop C stopping D stopped 3 I 11 give a talk tomorrow I m thinking about A what to say B how to say C what can I say D how can I say 4 My sister doesn t like the dress She thinks it makes her fat A look B looks C to look D looked 5 You may be if you have a problem A exciting excited B excited exciting C worrying worried D worried worrying 6 China s badminton team won the Sudirman Cup for the fifth time they deserved 湖北黄石 A to reward B rewarding C to be rewarded D being rewarded 7 Mum I m hungry What about going to McDonald s fried chicken A eat B to eat C eating D and eat 8 Your father is sleeping You d better A not to wake him up B not wake him up C not wake up him D not to wake up him 9 If everyone makes a contribution the environment our country will become more beautiful A to protect B in protecting C to protecting D for protecting 10 I ve made it possible for my computers the same programs by means of networking A to share B share C shared D shares 11 Internet bars mustn t let people under 18 in or let anybody bad things A watch B to watch C watching D watches 12 Shopping with me Sorry I have a lot of clothes A to wash B washed C wash D to be washed 13 I want to buy a digital camera online Can you show me the Internet A search B to search C how to search D what to search 14 It Yang Liwei about 21 hours the earth 14 times in his spaceship A spent circling B took traveling C spent to travel D took to circle 15 The little girl saw the gorilla in the park with a toy bear A to play B playing C is playing D plays 16 How about to the cinema on Sunday A go B to go