形容词比较级和最高级变化规则

形容词比较级和最高级变化规则 形容词级的变化规律和级的用法 一 形容词级的变化 1 规律变化 单音词的变化 四条 一般情况 er 比较级 est 最高级 eg quiet quieter the quietest bright brighter the brightest 明亮 聪明的 dear dearest the dearest clever cleverer the cleverest 词末为 e 不发音 r st eg fine finer the finest nice nicer the nicest cute cuter the cutest close closer the closest white whiter the whitest large larger the largest free freer freest 特殊 重读闭音节 末尾只有一个辅音字母的 双写辅音字母 er 双写辅音字母 est eg hot hotter the hottest big bigger the biggest red redder the reddest wet wetter the wettest sad sadder the saddest fat fatter the fattest thin thinner the thinnest fit fitter fittest 少数以辅音字母 y 结尾的双音节 原根词 变 y 为 i er 变 y 为 i est 形容词和副词用法比较 形容词和副词形容词和副词在语法结构中主要用于比较级和最高级 形容词和副词的构成 形式基本上一样 它们的形式与单音节 双音节和多音节有关 当然还有其特殊形式 形 容词和副词比较级的基本用法分为同级比较 比较级和最高级三种形式 但这三种形式都 有它们特殊的表达方式以及它们的惯用法 对以下要点大家须一一掌握 第一节 形容词比较级和最高级的形式 一 形容词比较级和最高级的构成 形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下 构 成 法 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 一般单音节词末尾加 er 和 est strong stronger strongest 单音节词如果以 e 结尾 只加 r 和 st strange stranger strangest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有 一个辅音字母 须先双写这个辅音字母 再加 er 和 est sad big hot sadder bigger hotter saddest biggest hottest 少数以 y er 或 ure ow ble 结尾的双音节词 末尾加 er 和 est 以 y 结尾的词 如 y 前是辅音字母 把 y 变成 i 再加 er 和 est 以 e 结尾的词仍 只加 r 和 st angry clever narrow noble angrier cleverer narrower nobler angrest cleverest narrowest noblest 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词 more 和 most different more different most different 1 The most high A mountain in B the world is Mount Everest which is situated C in Nepal and is twenty nine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high D 2 This house is spaciouser A than that B white C one I bought in Rapid City South Dakota D last year 3 Research in the social A sciences often proves difficulter B than similar C work in the physical D sciences 二 形容词比较级或最高级的特殊形式 1 三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加 more 和 most 只能说 more beautiful 而不能说 beautifuller 只能说 the most beautiful 而不能说 beautifullest 但是 以形容前缀 un 结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况 如 unhappy untidy 我们可 以说 unhappier unhappiest untidier untidiest 2 由 ING 分词和 ED 分词演变过来的形容词 包括不规则动词如 know known 只能加 more 或 most 来表示它们的比较级和最高级 more most striking more most interesting more most wounded more most worn 等 4 The drawings A of the old masters B are among the treasuredest C works in museums D 3 英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式 absolute fatal main right universal chief final naked simulta utter entire foremost perfect neous vital eternal inevitable possible sufficient whole excellent infinite primary supreme wooden 三 不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式 good well better best bad ill worse worst many much more most little few less least far farther farthest further furthest 5 African elephants are larger fiercer and difficulter A to tame B than C Asian elephants D 6 Sarah Hale became A one of the famousest B magazine C editors in the United States during D the 1800 s 7 Of all A the Native American tribes B the Shawnee Indians were C a most D transient 四 例题解析 1 A 错 应将 most high 改为 highest 这是在考形容词比较级的构成形式 2 A 错 改为 more spacious 3 B 错 改为 more difficult 4 C 错 treasured 在本句中是 ED 分词 动词 treasure ed 作形容词使用 是 宝贵 的 珍贵的 意思 修饰名词 works 作品 其最高级形式应用 the most treasured 5 A 错 改为 more difficult 6 B 错 改为 the most famous 因为 famous 著名的 是双音节 其最高级变化应在前 面加 the most 7 D 错 应改为 the most 因为此处表示的是最高级 the most transient 意为 延 续时间 最短暂的 第二节 副词比较级和最高级的形式 副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样 一般 副词 hard harder hardest fast faster fastest late later latest early earlier earliest 特殊 副词 well better best much more most badly worse worst little less least 但是 开放类副词即以后缀 ly 结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加 er 或 est 如 quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietly 注 early 中的 ly 不是后缀 故可以把 y 变 i 再加 er 和 est 第三节 形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法 一 原级比较的基本用法 1 原级比较由 as 形容词或副词 或再加名词或短语 as 构成 原级相同 比较句 表示两 者比较 其否定式 即 程度不及 比较句型为 not so as 形容词或副词 as 而且 as as 结构前可用 just almost nearly quite 等表示程度的词修饰 1 Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as A to run for fifteen minutes B running for fifteen minutes C you run for fifteen minutes D fifteen minute walking 2 The gorilla 大猩猩 while A not quite as curious than B the chimpanzee 黑猩猩 shows more persistence C and memory retention 记忆力 in solving D a problem 3 Alaska is twice A as larger B as C the next largest D state Texas 2 as so 名词 as 名词 进行名词比较 这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词 但 如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语 应当用 so 而不用 as 4 Thomas Jefferson s achievements as an architect rival his contributions a politician A such B more C as D than 5 I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter 88 年考题 A that B so C this D as 二 比较级 1 比较级由 形容词 副词 比较级 than 构成表示在两者中间一方比另一方 更加 连词 than 后可接句子 也可接名词 代词 名词短语 介词短语 动词 动词不定式 ING 结构和 ED 结构 有时也可省去 than 6 Natural mica 云母 of A a superior B quality is cheapest C to obtain than synthetic D mica 7 She is older than A any other girl in the group B any girl in the group C all girls in the group D you and me as well as the group 8 Josephine McCrackin joined A the Santa Cruz Sentinel in 1905 and until her death fifteen years late B remained C active in journalistic D work 2 注意 than 前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致 9 The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than A ours B with us C for ours it had D it did for us 10 Sound travels air A faster through water than through B faster than through water and C through water faster and D where it is faster through water than through 11 Gerbrand von den Feckhout one of Rembrand s pupils followed A the style of his teacher so implicitly that B his paintings C are sometimes confused with his master D 三 最高级 1 最高级用于三者以上比较 形容词的结构形式是 定冠词 形容词最高级 名词 表示 范围的短语或从句 如 all of all of the tree in the world that has ever taken place 等 12 The more A fearsome of all the B animals in C the Western D Hemisphere is the grizzly bear 13 Of all economic A problems inflation continues to be B a C most significant in its daily impact on D people and business 14 the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction A All the activities B The activities C Of all the activities D It is the activities 2 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词 the 四 例题解析 1 B 为正确答案 2 B 错 改为 as 和前面的 as 和形容词原形 curious 一起构成同程度比较 3 B 错 改为 as large 4 C 对 动词 rival 胜过 匹敌 前后是两个相比较的成分 achievements 成果 和 contributions 贡献 由于前面的名词后出现了短语 as an architect 故空白处也应用 as 使前后对比成分一致 5 B 为正确答案 6 C 错 应改为比较级 cheaper 比较级后并不一定跟接连词 than 有时在其间有名词或名 词短语 被形容词所修饰 介词短语 不定式或其他成分隔开 7 A 为正确答案 She 作为单个不能跟全组比 C 和 D 不对 也不能跟全组所有相比 因 为 她 也是其中一员 自然 她 不能跟自己相比 这里 She 比较的是 这组中的任何一个 所以 A 对 8 B 错 应改为比较级 later 因此处实为与 1905 年相比晚 15 年 故应使用比较级 9 D 为正确答案 10 A 为正确答案 11 D 错 改为 his master s 12 A 错 改为 most 13 C 错 改为 the significant 是多音节形容词 在此处应用最高级形式 在前面加 the most 注意句中的 of all 14 C 为正确答案 本句空白处缺状语 A 和 B 全为名词短语 不符合条件 D 为句子 和 空白后面的句子没有任何联系 故亦应排除 只有 C 正确 和后面的最高级 the most familiar 前后呼应 第四节 形容词和副词的特殊表达法 一 形容词与副词的同级比较 由 as so as 引出 其否定式为 not so 或 not as as 考生还应注意下列含有 as 结构或短语的句子 1 as such 表示上文所指明的事或人 He is a child and must be treated as such 他是个孩子 必须被当作孩子对待 2 as much 表示 与 同量 Take as much as you like 拿多少都行 I would gladly have paid twice as much for it 就是价格再贵一倍 我也会愿意把它买下的 He as much as admitted the whole story 他几乎全部承认了 3 as many 表示 与 一样多 I found six mistakes in as many lines 我在六行中发现了六个错 二 表示 几倍于 的比较级 用 twice 两倍 four times 四倍 ten times 十倍 加上 as as 结构 This one is four times as big as that one 这个是那个的四倍大 这个比那个大三倍 Our campus is three times as large as yours 我们的校园比你们的大两倍 He has books twice as many as she does 他的书比她多一倍 1 The five year deal obligates A the country to buy nine million tons B of grain a year C three million more as D the old pact s minimum 三 the same 名词 as 表示同等比较 2 The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye A in the same function B the same function as C the function is the same as D and has the same function 3 The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have as the amount of money borrowed A as the same value B the same value C value as the same D the value is the same 四 比较级前可用 a little a bit slightly a great deal a lot many much 等词语表示不定量 far completely still 表示程度或更进一步 4 There are now methods for studying color vision in infants than there once were A more sophisticated than B much more sophisticated C much sophisticated D sophisticated 5 The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth A clearest B the clearest C much clearer D more clearer 6 Common porpoises 海豚 are usually not considered A migratory although B some do move C to more warmer D waters in winter 兼有两种形式的副词 1 close 与 closely close 意思是 近 closely 意思是 仔细地 He is sitting close to me Watch him closely 2 late 与 lately late 意思是 晚 lately 意思是 最近 You have come too late What have you been doing lately 3 deep 与 deeply deep 意思是 深 表示空间深度 deeply 时常表示感情上的深度 深深地 He pushed the stick d