高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解选编（三）51.doc

余姚市2017高考英语一轮阅读理解选编（三）阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Increased use of the Internet and mobile phones is undermining pupils ability for independent study and promoting poor grammar, it was claimed. Cranfield School of Managementfound almost six in ten schoolchildrenwere copying information directly from websites for homework tasks without properly reading it. More than a quarter thought it was an acceptable practice, even though they know it was considered plagiarism(剽窃). The study, based on a sample of around 260 pupils aged from 11 to 18 at a secondary school in the Midlands, raised concerns that modern technology was having a destructive effect on young people. Andrew Kakabadse, professor of international management development at Cranfield, said, “Our research shows that technology obsession(痴迷)prevents spelling skills, encourages plagiarism, and disturbs classroom learning. ”“Despite school policies restricting mobile phone usage, students use the phone frequently, with the majority making calls from the toilets. The mobile phone continues to be a main channel of social communication during the school day. ”The report revealed that so-called“text-speak”was increasingly finding it was into pupils school work. Three in ten students admit to using text message shortcuts, such as“r u ok”in essays and classroom tasks. It followed a study earlier this year that found almost half of the teachers failed to understand some pupils writing because it was so full of confusing language. Phrases such as“innit”and“Gr8”were regularly found in school work. The Cranfield study found that mobile use was so common that many pupils chose to ignore school rules on phones. More than a third said they would use their mobile in class, while nearly three quarters said they would not even make an excuse to leave class to answer a phone call. 【文章大意】使用互联网和手机的学生越来越多了。可是, 科技不仅给学生们带来了便捷, 也给他们的学习带来了很多不利影响。1. The underlined word“undermining”in the first paragraph can best be replaced by“”. A. determiningB. keepingC. weakeningD. increasing【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二、三两段可知, 靠照搬网上资料完成家庭作业, 实际上是一种抄袭, 会影响学生的独立学习能力。undermining是“逐渐损害, 削弱”的意思, 故此处可以用weakening来代替。2. It can be inferred from what Kakabadse said that. A. he is in favour of students mobile phone usage at schoolB. he believes schools are responsible for technology obsessionC. the research finds a new way to improve school managementD. it is hard to limit students mobile phone usage at school【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第六段第一句中的with the majority making calls from the toilets和第二句The mobile phone . . . the school day. 可推断, 限制学生在学校使用手机是很困难的。3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Most students writing skills are becoming worse. B. Text message language may affect pupils language skills. C. Students like to invent new words in their writing. D. 30% pupils often send text messages when studying. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第七至九段可知, 短信语言可能会给学生的语言技能带来不利影响。4. Whats the attitude of the author to the problem? A. Optimistic. B. Approving. C. Anxious. D. Tolerant. 【解析】选C。观点态度题。从文章的字里行间可以看出作者对学生使用诸如手机之类的高科技产品持忧虑态度。故答案为C。说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2011重庆,E)改编Skeptics are a strange lot.Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment,and they are tired of people who disagree with them.Those people,say skeptics,spread nothing but bad news about the environment.The “eco-guilt” brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives rise to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity.That book,The Skeptical Environmentalist,declares that it measures the “real state of the world” as fine.Of course,another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.Indeed,Mr.Lomborgs views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations,which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr.Lomborgs book go largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions.One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise,even with the conclusion that “After Lomborg,the environmental movement will begin to die down.”Such one-sided views should have immediately been challenged.But only a different review appeared in Nature,a respected science magazine with specific readership.The review remarked that Mr.Lomborgs “preference for unexamined materials is incredible (不可信的)”.A critical (批判的) eye is valuable,and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.Unfortunately,that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interests.People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media.Thats a shame,because matters concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.1.According to the passage,which of the following may be regarded as “skeptics”?()A.People who agree on the popularity of “eco-guilt”.B.People who disbelieve the serious situation of our planet.C.People who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.D.People who spread comforting news to protect our environment.2.Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborgs book?()A.Some big businesses intend to protect their own interests.B.The book challenges views about the fine state of the world.C.The author convinces people to seek comforting worldviews.D.Industry-funded media present confusing information.3.The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to .A.voice a different opinionB.find fault with Lomborgs bookC.challenge the authority of the mediaD.point out the value of scientific views4.What is the authors main purpose in writing the passage?()A.To encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.B.To warn the public of the danger of half-blindness with reviews.C.To blame the medias lack of responsibility in presenting information.D.To show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.语篇解读:本文是一篇议论文。全文提出一种社会现象:有时候信息因为某种原因不能全方位呈现给公众。作者希望媒体应该公正、客观、全面地向公众提供信息。答案及剖析:1.B事实细节题。根据第一段的第二句“Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment.”可知,他们并不认为人类活动威胁着环境,即他们不相信地球环境那样糟糕。故选B项。A项正好与这类人的观点相反;C项文中没有提及;D项是广大公众的观点。2.A事实细节题。根据第二段的第三句“Of course,another explanation is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests.”可知,其中一个原因就是大公司为了自己的利益而支持,故选A项。3.A事实细节题。根据第四段可知,作者提到自然这本杂志是为了表明该杂志的观点与那些怀疑论者以及Lomborg书中的观点不同,故选A项。4.D主旨大意题。文章最后一段提到“A critical (批判的) eye is valuable,and the media should present information in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions.”作者希望媒体能够向公众提供更多的、全方位的信息,而不应该是片面的。【长难句子分析】The “eco-guilt”主语 brought on by the discouraging news about定语 our planet定语 gives rise to the popularity of skeptics谓语 as people search for more comforting worldviews.状语从句这种由关于我们这颗星球的令人沮丧的消息带来的“生态有罪”的观点给了这种怀疑论者产生的机会,因为人们要探索寻找更能令人欣慰的世界观。该句主语是The “eco-guilt”谓语动词是gives rise to;过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰主语;as引导的是原因状语从句。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考二模】Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever, even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence. Given that this is the case, why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems, drive cars, or stay physically fit?First of all, students need to realize that conflict is unavoidable. A report on violence among middle school and high school students indicates that most violent incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult (侮辱). For example, a fight could start over the fact that one student eats a peanut butter sandwich each lunchtime. Laughter over the sandwich can lead to insults, which in turn can lead to violence. The problem isnt in the sandwich, but in the way students deal with the conflict.Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable, they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution (解决) stay calm. Once the student feels calmer, he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well. Rude words, name-calling, and accusation only add fuel to the emotional fire. On the other hand, soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control.After both sides have calmed down, they can use another key strategy for conflict resolution; listening. Listening allows the two sides to understand each other. One person should describe his or her side, and the other person should listen without interrupting. Afterward, the listener can ask non-threatening questions to clarify the speakers position. Then the two people should change roles.Finally, students need to consider what they are hearing. This doesnt mean trying to figure out whats wrong with the other person. It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish. For example, a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things. Students need to ask themselves questions such as these: How did this start? What do I really want? What am I afraid of ? As the issue becomes clearer, the conflict often simply becomes smaller. Even if it doesnt, careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution.There will always be conflict in schools, but that doesnt mean there needs to be violence. After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program, according to Educators for Social Responsibility, 64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom; 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation,and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves. Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends,. teachers. parents, bosses, and coworkers. In that way, conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country.68.This article is mainly about A. how to deal with school conflictsB. the cause of arguments in schoolsC. how to analyze youth violence D. the lives of school children69.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that_.A.violence is more likely to occur at lunchtimeB.a small conflict can lead to violenceC.students tend to lose their temper easilyD.the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight70.Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5?A. To find out who to blame.B. To get ready to buy new things.C. To make clear what the real issue is.D.To figure out how to stop the shouting match.71.The writers purpose for writing this article is to_.A.complain about problems in school educationB.teach students different strategies for school lifeC.advocate teaching conflict management in schoolsD.inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence【参考答案】6871、ABCC 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考二模】Did you know that womens brains are smaller than mens? The average womens brain weighs 10% less than mens. Since research has shown that the bigger the brain, the cleverer the animal, men must be more intelligent(聪明的) than women. Right? Wrong. Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests, despite the difference in brain size. Why? After years of study, researchers have concluded that its whats inside that matters, not just the size of the brain. The brain consists of “grey matter” and“white matter”.While men have more of the latter ,the amount of “thinking” brain is almost exactly the same in both sexs.It has been suggested that smaller brain appears to work faster, perhaps because the two sides of the brain are better connected in women. This means that little girls tend to learn to speak earlier, and that women can understand sorts of information from different sources at the same time. When it comes to talking to the boss on the phone, cooking dinner and keeping an eye on the baby all at the same time, its women who come out on top every time. There are other important differences between two sexes. As white matter is the key to spatial(空间的) tasks, men know better where things are in relation to other things. “A great footballer always knows where he is in relation to the other players, and he knows where to go,” says one researcher. That may explain one of lifes great mysteries:Why men refuse to ask for directions and women often need to! The differences begin when fetuses(胎儿) are about nine weeks old, which can be seen in the action of children as young as one. A boy would t