现在完成时(知识梳理)

现在完成时现在完成时 概念引入概念引入 欣赏含有现在完成时的名言 欣赏含有现在完成时的名言 Life has taught me to think but thinking has not taught me to live 生活教会了我思考 但思考却没有教会我生活 Winter must be cold for those with no warm memories We have already missed the spring 对于那些没有温馨回忆的人们来说 冬天一定很冷 我们已经错过春天了 Nature has given us the seeds of knowledge but not knowledge itself 在自然赋予我们知识的种子 而非知识本身 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时的构成 现在完成时是 助动词have has 过去分词构成的 I have finished my homework 我已经完成了作业 现在完成时的否定句 是在助动词 have has 的后面加 not 构成 I haven t seen the film so far 到目前为止 我还没有看那部电影 现在完成时的一般疑问句 是把助动词 have has 提到句子主语的前面 Have you seen the film yet 你看过那部电影了吗 用法讲解用法讲解 一 现在完成时的定义及用法 一 现在完成时的定义及用法 1 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have just cleaned my clothes 我刚洗过衣服 洗衣服 是发生在过去的动作 对现在造成的结果是 衣服干净了 Have you read that story 你读过那个故事吗 读 这一动作发生在过去 对现在造成的影响是 是否知道故事的内容 在学习这一概念的同时 还应注意常与现在完成时连用的几个副词 already just ever yet never 等 already just 多用于肯定句中 ever yet never 多用 于疑问句和否定句中 I have already finished my homework 我已经做完家庭作业了 He has just had his meal 他刚吃过饭 Have you ever sung this English song 你曾唱过这首英文歌吗 They haven t started yet 他们还没有动身 We have never heard of it 我们从来没有听说过这件事 二 现在完成时的定义及用法 二 现在完成时的定义及用法 2 表示过去已经开始 持续到现在的动作或状态 也可以表示实质可能继续下去的动作或状 态 这时往往与表示一段的时间状语连用 I have been here for just over two years 我到这里才两年多 He has worked here since 1989 从 1989 年 他就在这里工作 1 因为表示的是持续的动作或状态 所以使用的动词通常是延续性动词 be stay study wait keep have 等 2 使用的时间状语通常由 for 或 since 引导 但二者后接的词有所不同 for 后常跟一个时 间段 指某个动作到现在为止已持续了多长时间 如 for three years for half an hour 等 since 作介词 后面可以接一个时间点 如 since 1980 也可以接 一段时间 ago 如 since three years ago since two months ago 等 since 还可用作连词 引导一个过去时态的时间状 语从句 如 We have known each other since we went to college 自从我们上大学我们就彼此认识了 3 非延续性动词不能直接和 for 或 since 连用 但我们可以找一个相应的延续性动词或动 词短语来替换这些非延续性动词 如 come be come to be in at go out be out leave be away begin be on stop be over buy have borrow keep open be open close be closed join be a member of die be dead catch a cold have a cold get to know know become a teacher be a teacher fall asleep be asleep fall ill be ill 等 三 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别及联系 三 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别及联系 1 都表示过去发生的事 2 现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系 不能和具体的时间状语连用 3 一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用 last ago yesterday etc He had his breakfast at 6 00 一般过去时 他六点钟吃的早饭 He has had his breakfast 现在完成时 他吃过早饭了 四 四 have gone to have been to 与与 have been in 的用法比较的用法比较 have has gone to 已经去了或在途中 还没有返回 have has been to 曾经去过某地 现在已经回来了 后面可接表示 次数 的状语 have has been in 表示某人 已在某地停留一段时间 现仍在那里 其后常带表示一段时间 的状语 They have gone to England and they will go back next week 他们去英国了 下周回来 Mr Green has been in China for many years 格林先生在中国呆过好多年了 Miss Brown has been to Japan twice 布朗小姐到日本去过两次 五 重点句型五 重点句型 It is has been 段时间段时间 since 从句从句 段时间段时间 has passed since 从句从句 举例 他死了两年了 可用多种句式表达 He died two years ago He has been dead for two years since two years ago It is has been two years since he died Two years has passed since he died Exercises1 选择填空 1 I Enghish in this school since 1999 A taught B have taught C tea D would teach 2 Lilei the pen for five years A has had B bought C have had D have bought 3 Kate her grand mother s photo before A haven t seen B have seen C see D hasn t seen Exercises2 选择填空 1 Have you finished your work A Yes I have B Yes I do C Yes I am D Yes I did 2 Has she ever learned English A Yes she has B Yes she does C No she doesn t D No she has 3 He finished his homework yet A doesn t B haven t C hasn t D doesn t have Exercises3 选择填空 1 Have you travelled on the train Yes I have A never B ever C just D yet 2 Have you finished your homework Not A ever B already C yet D just 3 We haven t finished our homework A already B ever C yet D never 4 Have you learned English Yes I ve learned a lot A never ever B ever never C ever already D already ever Exercises4 A 用用 since 和和 for 填空填空 1 two years2 two years ago3 last month 4 19995 yesterday6 4 o clock 7 4 hours8 an hour ago9 we were children 10 lunch time11 she left here B 用用 since 和和 for 填空填空 1 He has lived in Nanjing the year before last 2 I ve known him we were children 3 Our teacher has studied Japanese three years 4 She has been away from the city about ten years 5 It s about ten years she left the city Exercises5 A 用用 have has been 或或 have has gone 填空 填空 A Where Li Fei B He to Hainan Island A How long he there B He there for three days A When will he come back do you know B I m afraid he won t come back recently A Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island B Sorry I never there A How many times Li Fei to that place B He there only once B 用用 have has been to in have gone to 的各种形式填空 的各种形式填空 1 Where is Jack He his country 2 David the park just now 3 John England since he came back 4 How long have this village 5 The Smiths Beijing for years 6 you ever America Yes I there many times 7 I this school since three years ago 8 Where is Jim He the farm Exercises 6 选择填空 1 Have you finshed your homework Yes I it last night A finish B finished C have finished D will finish 2 you ever to Nanjing Yes I there last year A Have gone have gone B Have been went C Did go went D Did go has been 3 When you Lucy in New York I here for two years A did meet haven t seen B did meet haven t seen C did meet don t see D would meet hadn t seen 4 when you to Beijing How long you here A have come have been B did come have been C did come did go D did come have gone Exercises7 A 按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词 arrive at in sw get to reach sw come go move to sw be in sw at school at home on the farm be here be there 1 He got to Beijing five minutes ago He Beijing for 2 I moved to the USA last year I the USA since 3 I went home yesterday I home for 4 They came here last week They here since come go back return be backcome go out be out 1 He came out two years ago He for 2 We return to Fuzhou yesterday We to Fuzhou since become be 1 I became a teacher in 2000 I a teacher for 2 The river became dirty last year The river dirty for close be closed open be open 1 The shop closed two hours ago The shop for 2 The door opened at six in the morning The door for six hours get up be up die be dead leave sw be away from sw fall asleep get to sleep be asleep finish end be over marry be married 1 I got up two hours ago I since 2 He left Fuzhou just now He Fuzhou for five minutes 3 My grandpa died in 2002 My grandpa for 4 The meeting finished at six The meeting for six hours 5 I got to sleep two hours ago I since 6 They married in 1990 They since start begin to do sth do sth begin be on 1 I began to teach at this school in 1995 I at this school since 2 The film began two