汽车焊接夹具设计外文文献翻译

1、汽车焊接夹具设计外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)文献出处:SemjonKim.DesignofAutomotiveWeldingFixturesJ.Computer-AidedDesign,2013,3(12):21-32.英文原文DesignofAutomotiveWeldingFixturesSemjonKim1AbstractAccordingtothedesigntheoryofcarbodyweldingfixture,theweldingfixtureandweldingbusofeachstationareplannedanddesigned.Thenthefixturei

2、smodeledandassembled.Thenumberandmodelofthefixturearedeterminedandtheaccessibilityisjudged.Designedtomeettherequirementsoftheweldingfixture.Keywords:weldedparts;foundation;clamping;position1IntroductionAssemblyandweldingfixturesarecloselyrelatedtotheproductionofhigh-qualityautomotiveequipmentinautom

3、otivebodyassemblyandweldinglines.Weldedfixturesareanimportantpartoftheweldingprocess.Assemblyandweldingfixturesarenotonlythewaytocompletetheassemblyofpartsinthisprocess,butalsoasatestandcalibrationprocedureontheproductionlinetocompletethetaskoftestingweldingaccessoriesandweldingquality.Therefore,the

4、designandmanufactureofweldingfixturesdirectlyaffecttheproductioncapacityandproductqualityoftheautomobileintheweldingprocess.Automotiveweldingfixturesareanimportantmeansofensuringtheirmanufacturingqualityandshorteningtheirmanufacturingcycle.Therefore,itisindispensabletocorrectlyunderstandthekeypoints

5、ofweldingfixturedesign,improveandincreasethedesignmeansanddesignlevelofweldingfixtures,andimprovetheadjustmentandverificationleveloffixtures.Itisalsoanautomanufacturingcompanyinthefiercecompetition.Theproblemthatmustbesolvedtosurvive.Thestyleofthecarisdifferentfromthatofthecar.Therefore,theshapeofth

6、eweldingjigisverydifferent.However,thedesign,manufacture,andadjustmentarecommonandcanbeusedforreference.2. StructuraldesignofweldingfixtureThestructuredesignoftheweldingfixtureensuresthatthecliphasgoodoperationalconvenienceandreliablepositioningofthefixture.Manufacturersofweldingfixturescanalsoeasil

7、yintegrateadjustmentstoensurethatthesurfacesofthevariouspartsofthestructureshouldallowenoughroomforadjustmentstoensurethree-dimensionaladjustment.Ofcourse,underthepremiseofensuringtheaccuracyoftheweldingjig,thestructureoftheweldingjigshouldbeassimpleaspossible.Thefixturedesignisusuallythepositionofa

8、llcomponentsonthefixtureisdetermineddirectlybasedonthedesignbasis,andultimatelyensurethatthequalifiedweldingfixturestructureismanufactured.Accordingtotheworkingheight,theheightofthefixturebottomplatecanbepreliminarilydetermined,thatis,theheightofthefixturefixingposition.Theweldingfixturedesignmustfi

9、rstconsidertheclampingmethod.Therearetwotypes,manualandpneumatic.Manualclampingisgenerallysuitableforsmallparts,externalparts,andsmallbatchesofworkpieces.Forlargebodyparts,planningintheproductionline,automationHigh-demandweldingfixturesshouldbepneumaticallyclamped.Automobileproductionisgenerallypneu

10、maticallyclamped,andmanualmassclampingcanbeusedasauxiliaryclamping.Thiscanreducecostsaccordingly.Somemanualclampingproductsalreadyhavestandardmodelsandquantities,whichcanbepurchasedinthemarketwhenneeded.Forsomedevices,pneumaticclampingisspecified,butifpneumaticclampingisused,theworkpiecemaybedamaged

11、.Therefore,itispossibletomanuallypresstheplacefirsttoprovideapneumaticclampingforcetoclamptheworkpiece.Thisismanual-pneumatic.Thefixtureclampingsystemismountedonalargeplatform,allofwhicharefixedinthisweldingpositiontoensurethattheweldingconditionsshouldmeetthedesigndimensionsoftheworkpiececoordinate

12、systempositioningfixture,whichinvolvesthebenchmark.2.1 BenchmarksofassemblyandweldingfixturesandtheirchosensupportsurfacesDeterminationofdesignbasisInordertoensurethatthethree-dimensionalcoordinatesoftheautomaticweldmentsystemareconsistent,allweldingfixturesmusthaveacommonreferenceinthesystem.Theben

13、chmarkisthefixturemountingplatform.ThisistheX,Ycoordinate,eachspecificcomponentisfixedatthecorrespondingpositionontheplatform,andhasacorrespondingheight.Therefore,theZcoordinateshouldbecoordinated,andathree-dimensionalXYZcoordinatesystemisestablished.Inordertofacilitatetheinstallationandmeasuremento

14、fthefixture,themountingplatformmusthavecoordinatesforreference.Thereareusuallythreetypes.Thestructureisasfollows:2.1.1 ReferenceholemethodTherearefourreferenceholesinthedesignoftheinstallationplatform,inwhichthetwodirectionsofthecentercoordinatesofeachholeandthecoordinatesofthefourholesconstitutetwo

15、mutuallyperpendicularlines.ThisisthecollectionontheXYplanecoordinatesystem.Theestablishmentofthisbenchmarkisrelativelysimpleandeasytoprocess,butthemeasurementsandbenchmarksusedatthesametimeareaccurate.Anyshapeiscomposedofspatialpoints.Allgeometricmeasurementscanbeattributedtomeasurementsofspatialpoi

16、nts.Accuratespatialcoordinateacquisitionisthereforethebasisforassessinganygeometricshape.ReferenceAcoordinateddirectionformedbyonesideneartwodatums.2.1.2 v-typedetectionmethodInthismethod,themountingplatformisdividedintotwo90-degreeranges.Thelinesofthetwoaxesmakeupaplane-mountedplatform.Theplaneispe

17、rpendiculartotheplatform.ThesurfaceformsofthesetwoaxisgroovesXYplanecoordinatesystem.2.1.3 ReferenceblockmethodReferenceUsingthesideblockperpendiculartothe3DXYZcoordinatesystem,thebaseofagageand3to4blockscanbemounteddirectlyontheplatform,orabearingfixingfixtureplatformcanbeadded,buttheheightoftheref

18、erenceplanemustbeusedtocontroltheheight,mustensurethesamedirection.Whenmanufacturing,itismoredifficulttoadjusttheprevioustwomethodsoftheblock,butthiskindofmeasurementisextremelyconvenient,especiallyusingtheCMMmeasurement.Thismethodrequiresarelativelylowsurfacemountplatformforthereferenceblock,soalar

19、gersizedmountingplatformshouldusethismethod.Eachfixturemusthaveafixedcoordinatesystem.Inthiscoordinatesystem,itssupportingbasecoordinatedimensionsshouldsupporttheworkpieceandthecoordinatescorrespondtothesamesize.Sothechoiceofbearingsurfaceinthewholeweldingfixturesystem3.2Whenthebearingsurfaceisselec

20、ted,theanglebetweenthetangentplaneandthemountingplatformonthefixedsurfaceoftheweldingtestpieceshallnotbegreaterthan15degrees.Theinspectionsurfaceshouldbethesameastheweldedpipefittingsasmuchaspossiblefortheconvenienceofflatsurfacetreatmentandadjustment.Thesurfacestructureofthebearingshouldbedesigneds

21、othatthemodulecanbeeasilyhandled,andthisnumbercanbeusedforthenumericalcontrolofthebearingsurfaceoftheproduct.Ofcourse,designingthevehiclebodycoordinatepointisnotnecessarilysuitableforthebearingsurface,especiallytheNCfixture.ThisrequiresthesupportofthefixturetoblocktheaccesspointS,basedonwhichthedigi

22、talsurfaceisestablished.Thissurfaceshouldbeconsistentwiththesupportedsurface.Soatthistime,itiseasierandeasiertomanufacturethebasepointS,CNCmachining,precisionmachiningandassemblyanddebugging.3.2BasicrequirementsforweldingfixtureIntheprocessofautomobileassemblyandproduction,therearecertainrequirement

23、sforthefixture.First,accordingtothedesignoftheautomobileandtherequirementsoftheweldingprocess,theshape,sizeandprecisionofthefixturehavereachedthedesignrequirementsandtechnicalrequirements.Thisisalinkthatcannotbeignored,andthefirstconsiderationinthedesignofweldingfixtureisconsidered.Whenassembling,th

24、epartsorpartsoftheassemblyshouldbeconsistentwiththepositionofthedesigndrawingsofthecarandtightenwiththefixture.Atthesametime,thepositionshouldbeadjustedtoensurethatthepositionoftheassemblypartsisclampedaccuratelysoastoavoidthedeformationormovementofthepartsduringthewelding.Therefore,thisputsforwardh

25、igherrequirementsforweldingjig.Inordertoensurethesmoothprocessofautomobileweldingandimprovetheproductionefficiencyandeconomicbenefit,theworkersoperateconveniently,reducethestrengthofthewelderswork,ensuretheprecisionoftheautomobileassemblyandimprovethequalityoftheautomobileproduction.Therefore,whenth

26、efixturedesignisdesigned,thedesignstructureshouldberelativelysimple,ithasgoodoperability,itisrelativelyeasytomakeandmaintain,andthereplacementoffixturepartsismoreconvenientwhenthefixturepartsaredamaged,andthecostisrelativelyeconomicalandreasonable.Buttheweldingfixturemustmeettheconstructiontechnolog

27、yrequirements.Whenthefixtureiswelded,thestructureofthefixtureshouldbeopensothattheweldingequipmentiseasytoclosetotheworkingposition,whichreducesthelaborintensityoftheworkersandimprovestheproductionefficiency.3. PositiontheworkpieceThegeneralpositionoftheworkpiecesurfacefeaturesisdeterminedrelativeto

28、theholeortheapparentpositioningreferencesurface.Itiscommonlyusedasalocatingpinassembly.Itisdividedintotwoparts:clampingpositioningandfixedpositioning.Takingintoaccounttheweldingpositionandallweldingequipment,itisnotpossibletoinfluencetheremovalofthefinalweld,butalsotoallowtheweldingclamportorchtorea

29、chtheweldingposition.Fortrulyinfluentialpositioningpinsandthelike,considerusingmovablepositioningpins.Inordertofacilitatetheentryandexitofparts,telescopicpositioningpinsareavailable.Thespecificstructurecanbefoundinthemanual.Theinstallationofweldingfixturesshouldbeconvenientforconstruction,andtheresh

30、ouldbeenoughspaceforassemblyandwelding.Itmustnotaffecttheweldingoperationandtheweldersobservation,anditdoesnothindertheloadingandunloadingoftheweldment.Allpositioningelementsandclampingmechanismsshouldbekeptataproperdistancefromthesolderjointsorbeplacedunderoronthesurfaceoftheweldment.Theactuatoroft

31、heclampingmechanismshouldbeabletoflexorindex.Accordingtotheformationprinciple,theworkpieceisclampedandpositioned.Thenopenthefixturetoremovetheworkpiece.Makesurethefixturedoesnotinterferewithopeningandclosing.Inordertoreducetheauxiliarytimeforloadingandunloadingworkpieces,theclampingdeviceshouldusehi

32、gh-efficiencyandquickdevicesandmulti-pointlinkagemechanisms.Forthin-platestampings,thepointofapplicationoftheclampingforceshouldactonthebearingsurface.Onlypartsthatareveryrigidcanbeallowedtoactintheplaneformedbyseveralbearingpointssothattheclampingforcedoesnotbendtheworkpieceordeviatefromtheposition

33、ingreference.Inaddition,itmustbedesignedsothatitdoesnotpinchthehandwhentheclampingmechanismisclampedtoopen.4. WorkstationmobilizationofweldingpartsMostautomotivesolderfittingsaresolderedtocompleteinseveralprocesses.Therefore,itneedsatransmissiondevice.Usuallytheworkpieceshouldavoidtheinterferenceoft

34、heweldingfixturebeforetransmission.Thefirststepistolifttheworkpiece.Thisrequirestheuseofanelevator,acrane,arackandpinion,etc.TheracksandgearsatthistimeStructure,theirstructuralprocessing,connectionisnotassimpleasthecompletionofthestructureofthetransmissionbetweentheusualconnectionstructureofthestati

35、on,thereareseveralforms,suchasgears,rackdrivemechanism,transmissionmechanism,rockermechanism,duetothereciprocatingmotion,shakeThetransferofthearmmechanismtothecommissioningisbetterthantheotherone,sothecommonrockerarmtransfermechanismisgenerallyused.6ConclusionInrecentyears,howtocorrectlyandreasonabl

36、ysettheauxiliarypositioningsupportforautomotiveweldingfixturesisanextremelycomplicatedsystemproblem.Althoughwehaveaccumulatedsomeexperienceinthisarea,thereisstillmuchtobelearnedinthisfield.Learnandresearchtoprovidenewtheoreticalsupportforcontinuousdevelopmentandinnovationinthefieldofweldingfixturede

37、sign.WiththedevelopmentoftheChineseautomotiveindustry,moreandmoreweldingfixturesareneeded.Althoughtheprincipleofthefixtureisverysimple,therealdesignandmanufactureofahigh-qualityweldingfixturesystemisanextremelycomplicatedproject.中文译文汽车焊接夹具的设计SemjonKim1摘要依据车体焊装线夹具设计理论，对各工位焊接夹具及其焊装总线进行规划、设计，之后进行夹具建模、装

38、配，插入焊钳确定其数量、型号及判断其可达性，最终设计出符合要求的焊接夹具。关键词:焊接部件;基础;夹紧;位置1引言装配和焊接夹具在汽车车身装配和焊接生产线与生产制造优质的汽车设备息息相关。焊装夹具，是焊接工艺的重要组成部分。装配和焊接夹具除了是完成这个过程中零部件装配的途径和定位，同时在生产线上也作为一个测试和校准程序，完成检测焊接配件和焊接质量的任务。因此焊装夹具的设计和制造，直接影响焊接过程中汽车的生产能力和产品质量。汽车焊装夹具是保证其制造质量、缩短其制造周期的重要手段。因此，正确理解焊装夹具设计要点，改善和提高焊装夹具的设计手段和设计水平，并提高夹具的调整和验证水平等三方面都是必不可少

39、的，也是汽车制造公司在激烈的竞争中得以生存所必须解决的问题。汽车的风格不同，焊接夹具的形状，因而有着很大的不同，但在设计、制造和调整都是共同的，可以借鉴采用。2焊接夹具的结构设计焊接夹具的结构设计，确保该夹具有良好的操作方便性、装夹定位的可靠性。焊装夹具的制造商也很容易集成的调整，以保证结构各部分的表面应该允许足够的空间用于调整，以确保立体可调。当然，在确保焊接夹具质量准确性的前提下，焊接夹具的结构应尽可能简单。夹具设计通常是夹具上全部元件的位置都是直接根据设计基准确定的，最终保证制造出合格的焊接工装结构。根据作业高度可初步决定夹具底板的高度，即夹具固定位置的高度。焊接夹具设计首先要考虑夹紧方

40、式，一般有手动和气动两种，手动夹紧一般适合于小件、外协件、小批量工件焊装，对于大型车体部件、规划于生产线内、白动化程度要求高的焊接夹具宜选用气动夹紧，汽车生产的一般采用气动夹紧，然后手工大批量夹紧可作为辅助夹紧。这样可以相应的降低成本。部分手动夹紧产品已拥有标准的型号和数量，需要时可以到市场购买即可。对于某些装置，规定采用气动夹紧，但如果直接使用气动夹紧，可能损坏的工件，所以，可以由人工先按地方，来提供一种气动夹紧力夹紧工件，这是手动-气动。该夹具夹紧系统是安装在一个大平台，所有固定在此保证焊接位置的焊接条件应符合设计尺寸的工件坐标系定位夹具，这牵涉到的基装配和焊接夹具的基准和他们所选择的支撑

41、面3.1设计基准的确定为了确保白动焊件系统的三维空间坐标一致，所有的焊装夹具在该系统中必须有一个共同的基准。该基准是夹具安装平台，这是X,Y坐标、每一个具体部件都固定在平台相应位置，要具有相应的高度，所以，应协调Z坐标，由此建立了三维XYZ坐标系统。为了方便夹具的安装及测量、安装平台必须有坐标的参考，通常有三种类型。结构如下：3.1.1基准孔的方法安装平台设计时有四个基准孔，其中每一个孔圆心坐标的两个方向、四个孔的坐标构成两条相互垂直的线。这就是,XY平面坐标系统上集合。这个基准的建立相对简单，易加工，但同时使用的测量与基准精确。任何形状都是由空间点组成的，所有的几何量测量都可以归结为空间点的

42、测量，因此精确进行空间点坐标的采集，是评定任何几何形状的基础。参考一侧靠近两个基准形成的一个协调的方向。3.1.2v型检测法这种方法是在这一过程中安装平台分为每两个90度范围的，这两条轴线的线组成一平面垂直安装的平台，这样平面垂直于平台，这两个轴线沟槽的表面形式XY平面坐标系统。3.1.3参考试块法参考使用侧块垂直于三维XYZ坐标系统，通常是一个检具的底座与3到4块可直接安装在平台上，也可以添加一个轴承固定夹具平台，但需要参考块的最后一个平面来控制高度，必须保证方向一致。制造时，调整块在前面的两种方法是较为困难的，但这种测量极为方便，尤其是使用CMM测量。该方法要求用的基准块平面加工安装平台相对较低，所以大一点的尺寸的安装平台应该使用这种方法。每个夹具必须具有固定坐标系统，在这个坐标系统，它的支撑基础坐标尺寸应该支持工件以及坐标对应于同样的大小。所以在整个的焊装夹具系统3.2轴承表面的选择轴承表面选择时，使