九年级英语Unit4Whatwouldyoudo知识精讲.doc

初三英语Unit 4 What would you do?【本讲主要内容】Unit 4 What would you do?通过本课的学习，我们应该能做下面的事： 1、学会如何面对现实及学生如何提出合理化建议。 2、提高学生听力与口语交际的能力。3、学会虚拟语气的用法及should用于提建议。【知识掌握】【知识点精析】词汇用法：1、tooto意思是“太而不能”，例如：Im too tired to do well.我太累了没法做好这件事。The boy is too young to go to school. 这个男孩年龄太小了，不能上学。2、confident是形容词，意思是“有信心的，有把握的”，常用搭配为：be confident of sth/ that 例如：He feels confident of his victory.他对胜利有信心。She is confident of winning the race. = She is confident that she will win the race.她确信她赛跑会获胜。3、be afraid to do/ be afraid of doing / be afraid that /be terrified of的意思是“害怕”。例如：Im afraid to walk alone in the forest.我不敢一人在森林里走。Im afraid of flying in a plane.我害怕坐飞机。He was afraid that he would lose face.他担心丢面子。4、in front of意思是“在的前面”，表示“有距离的前面”。例如：There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。in the front of意思是：“在（范围内）的前面”，例如：The teacher often stands in the front of the classroom.老师经常站在教室的前面。5、want sb to do意思是“希望某人做某事”，例如：Class, I want you to hand in your report by Friday.各位同学，报告要在星期五以前交来。6、think of意思是“想出，想到，想起”，例如：I cant think of his phone number.我想不起他的电话号码。It makes me sad when I think of my little dogs death.当我想起我的小狗的死就很伤心。7、come up with意思是“想出，找出（答案、计划）”。例如：Youve come up with a good idea.你想出的主意好极了！8、by accident/ chance意思是“偶然，碰巧”。例如：I met him by accident/chance in the street that day.那天，我碰巧在街上遇见了他。She stepped on my foot by accident/chance.她无意中踩了我的脚。9、辨析：find, find out, look for, discover （1）find指寻找的结果，即“找到”。是非延续性动词。例如： Where did you find it? 你是在哪里找到它的？ （2）find out指“发现，查明，了解”，表示经过观察、调查把某事、某物查出、搞清楚，多用于复杂而不易直接查出的情况。例如： Ill try to find out who did this? 我要设法弄清楚这是谁干的。 （3）look for作“寻找”解时，指寻找的动作和过程，是延续性动词。 Im looking for a place for you to stay. 我正在给你找住的地方。 （4）discover多指通过实验、调查、勘探等“发现、找到”未被发掘或认识的事物。例如： Columbus discovered America. 哥伦布发现了美洲。10、辨析:alone, lonely alone表示“独自一人（或仅几个人）”，多作表语；作后置定语时，表示“只有，仅仅”的意思。例如： The man lives alone. 那位老人自己一个人住。lonely既可以作定语也可以作表语；作定语时意思是“孤独的，偏僻的，荒凉的”；作表语时表示“寂寞的，孤单的”。例如：When his family moved, Mark was lonely until he made new friends.马克一家搬家后，在没有交上新朋友前他一直很寂寞。11、Why dont you ?是用来提出邀请、建议或对某人不愿做某事时提出的反问。它并不表示怀疑，而是有肯定的意义。在口语中，常常省略主语和谓语，只有“Why not +动词原形?”。例如：Why dont you go to Beijing with your parents?你为什么不和父母去北京呢?Its too not today. Why not have a swim in the river?今天天气太热了。为什么不去河里游泳呢?12、permission是permit的名词形式，意思是“许可，允许”。without permission意思是“在没经许可下”。语法的重点难点：（一）if 的用法1、虚拟语气： 句子假设的情况如果是完全不存在的（与现在或过去的事实相反），或者实现的可能性很小（与将来的事实可能相反），这种句子叫做虚拟条件句，它的谓语动词用虚拟语气。（1）if 引导的是非真实的条件句，表示“非真实的事情及情况”，这种事情很可能不会发生，只是想象中的当前的情况，以及并未发生的事情。表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实，即表示与事实相反的情况。其结构是：在从句中用动词过去时，在主句中用条件式：would+动词原形（If+ subject+ V.(ed) ,subject+ would +do ）If I were you, I would do it at once.如果我是你的话，我会马上做这件事。If we had longer holidays, we would be perfectly happy.如果我们的假期再长一些，我们会相当愉快。（2）if从句和主句都可以放在句子的开头。例如：If I had the time, I would watch TV for 10 hours a day.如果我有时间，我会一天看十个小时的电视。If you could go there with us, Ann would be very happy.如果你能和我们一起去，安将会十分高兴。（3）在if之后，常用were而不用was，尤其是在正式文体中和“If I were you,”这个句子中。例如：If I were you, Id wear a shirt and tie.如果我是你的话，我将穿衬衣、打领带。If I were Bill Gates, I would give millions of money to the charities.如果我是比尔盖茨的话，我会把上百万的钱捐献给慈善机构。If I were the headmaster, I would allow students to wear their own clothes.如果我是校长的话，我会允许学生穿他们自己的衣服到学校。2、引导真实的条件状语从句，其结构是：在从句中用动词现在时，在主句中用将来式：will+动词原形。例如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, well go for a picnic.如果明天不下雨，我们将去野餐。If he gets home early this evening, he will cook for us.如果他今晚回来早，他将为我们做饭。If I am free this weekend, I will play basketball with my friends.如果这个周末我有空，我将和朋友一起去打篮球。3、If在下面句子里的意思是“是否”，引导宾语从句。例如：He doesnt know if he should bring a present.他不知道是否应该带礼物。4、What if用来表示询问或提建议。意思是“如果怎么办？”例如：What if aliens should invade the earth?如果外星人侵略怎么办？What if everyone else brings a present?如果其他人都带礼物该怎么办？What if I dont know anyone?如果我谁都不认识该怎么办？（二）would rather do than 的用法（1）would rather dothan=had rather dothan是固定用法，意为“宁可（也）不愿，与其不如”通常简写为d rather do。（2）在would ratherthan这个结构中，必须注意前项和后项的对称，即than所连的词必须与前面的词项在词性和结构上相一致。例如：Id rather have the red one than the green one.我宁愿买这个红色的，而不是那个绿色的。Hed rather play than work.他宁愿玩耍而不愿学习。You would also rather stay at home and read a book than go to a party.你也会宁愿呆在家里读书而不愿去参加聚会。功能用语及拓展：本单元涉及的功能用语有：1、Talk about how to solve the problems in the daily life语言环境：当谈论生活方面的困难和提建议时，使用这类功能用语。主要句型：Target language: What would you do if you had a million dollars?If I were you, I would give it to medical research.give it to charities, buy snacks, put it in the bank, buy a big house, travel around the world, etc.What if I dont know anyone?典型句型：What would you do if you had a million dollars?Id give it to medical research.If I were you, Id wear a shirt and tie.If I were you, Id take a small present.典型的提建议的句型：1、Why dont you do sth.? 2、Why not do sth.?3、What about doing sth.? 4、How about doing sth.?5、You should do sth. 6、You could do sth.7、You had better do sth. 8、If I were you, I would 【考点突破】【考点指要】（一）If的使用：（1）if 引导的是非真实的条件句，表示“非真实的事情及情况”，这种事情很可能不会发生，只是想象中的当前的情况，以及并未发生的事情。表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实，即表示与事实相反的情况。其结构是：在从句中用动词过去时，在主句中用条件式：would+动词原形(If+ subject+ V.(ed) ,subject+ would +do )（2）引导真实的条件状语从句，其结构是：在从句中用动词现在时，在主句中用将来式：will+动词原形。（3）If在句子里的意思是“是否”，引导宾语从句。例1. Frank _ a film if he is free next Saturday.A. see B. saw C. has been D. will see（2005北京市中考试卷）答案选D。例2. _ you have finished your homework, it doesnt mean you can watch TV now.A. Because B. Although C. If D. Before（2005北京市东城区英语中考模拟试卷）答案选B。例3. If it _ rain, Ill go.A. doesnt B. wont C. dont D. isnt（2005北京市东城区英语中考模拟试卷）答案选A。例4. What question did the boy ask the scientist? He asked if _ into space by spaceship one day.A. he can fly B. could he fly C. can he fly D. he could fly（2005北京市西城区英语中考模拟试卷）答案选D。例5. What will Bill do if he _ in the test? He will try again.A. fail B. fails C. will fail D. is failing（2005北京市崇文区英语中考模拟试卷）答案选B。例6. When will you go out for a trip?I will go tomorrow if I _ a free ticket.A. will get B. got C. have got D. get（2005北京市石景山区英语中考模拟试卷）答案选D。例7. You can go to the cinema with your friend if your homework _.A. will do B. has done C. is done D. was done（2005北京市大兴区英语中考模拟试卷）答案选C。例8. We wont go to the park if it _ tomorrow.A. is raining B. will rain C. rain D. rains（2002北京市崇文区英语初中升学统一试卷）答案选D。（二）Why dont you?是用来提出邀请、建议或对某人不愿做某事时提出的反问。它并不表示怀疑，而是有肯定的意义。在口语中，常常省略主语和谓语，只有“Why not +动词原形?”例1. （ ）I feel really tired after a days work.Why _ take a rest? A. do you B. notC. did you D. not to （2005北京市东城区英语中考模拟试卷）答案：B例2. （ ）Mothers Day will come soon.Why _ some flowers for your mom?A. not to buy B. not buy C. dont buy D. to not buy （2005北京市宣武区英语中考模拟试卷）答案：B例3. You look rather tired._ stop to have a rest? All right. A. Why notB. How aboutC. Why not toD. Why dont（2005烟台市英语中考试卷）答案：A例4. This book is a little bit difficult. _ read something easier? All right. A. Why not toB. Why dont C. Why not D. Why not you（北京市东城区2001年初中升学考试）答案：A（三）tooto意思是“太而不能”例1. The shop assistant worked _ hard _ she was highly praised by the customers.A. tooto B. too that C. so that D. very that（2005北京市顺义区英语中考模拟试卷）答案：C。例2. Mr Li _ reads books _ watches TV every evening.A. so that B. too to C. either or D. not at all（2005北京市宣武区英语中考模拟试卷）答案：C。例3. Must I go to bed now? Im afraid so. Its _ late that you cant get up on time tomorrow morning.A. very B. quite C. too D. so（2005北京市朝阳区英语中考模拟试卷）答案：D。例4. Can we put our things in the car? I dont think so. Its _ small to hold so many things.A. so B. very C. too D. rather（2005北京市朝阳区英语中考模拟试卷）答案：C。例5. Listen! Kiety is singing in the next room. It _ be Kiety. She has gone to the post office.A. cant B. mustnt C. may D. should（2005北京市顺义区英语中考模拟试卷）答案：B。（四）come up with意思是“想出，找出（答案、计划）”例1. We believe scientist will _ a way to solve the problem of air pollution.A. set off B. put off C. come up with D. catch up with（2005北京市海淀区中考试卷）答案选C。例2. He is a nice person to _.A. get on with B. come up with C. catch up with D. look up in（2005北京市东城区中考模拟试卷）答案选A。【典型例题分析】例1. 单项选择I dont know if it _tomorrow. If it _ ，I wont go. A. will rain；rains B. will rain；will rain C. rains；rains D. rains；will rain 【思路探究】答案：A题目的综合性增强，同时考查两个或两个以上的知识点；学会使用If引导的条件状语从句，在一般将来时的结构及用法。（主句是一般将来时，if从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时）译文：我不知道明天是否下雨。如果明天下雨的话，我就不去了。例2. 单项选择If I were him, I _ sure to pass the exam.A. am B. would be C. would D. was【思路探究】答案：B学会使用If引导的虚拟的条件状语从句（主句是一般过去时，if从句用would+动词原形，注意sure的词性不是动词）译文：如果我是他的话，我一定能通过考试。例3. 单项选择A: My biggest problem is that Im getting fatter and fatter. I dont know what to do.B: I suggest you _ eat less food and take more exercise. A. will B. wont C. would D. should【思路探究】答案：Dshould表示提建议，意思是“应该，必须”。译文：我最大的问题是我变的越来越胖。我不知道该怎么办。 我建议你少吃食物多锻炼。例4. 单项选择Ill go there by bike _ it is fine tomorrow. A. if B. what C. so D. although【思路探究】答案：A通过时态，我们发现主句是将来时，从句是现在时，所以连词用if。译文：如果明天天气好的话，我就骑自行车去那里。【综合测试】I. 选用方框中适当的词，并以其正确形式填空。A. put in the bank B. study in a foreign country C. beautiful clothes D. do medical research E. the poor people F. interesting books G. expensive cars H. travel all over the world I. hospitals and nursing homes J. big lonely old people K. the sick people 1. They would buy _, _, _, _.2. They would give it to _, _, _.3. They would_, _, _, _.II. 选择方框中所给的句子补全对话。A: Can I go out and play now?B: If you have finished your homework.A: _1_B: Oh no! Just sit down and finish it now. Youd never do any if I didnt make you, would you?A: Yes, I would. _2_ B: Never mind about football. You will never do well at school if you dont do your homework.A: _3_B: Well, we would._4_A: I dont know. But just think how pleased hed be if I got on the football team.B: He would be more pleased if you came top.A: _5_A. I wouldnt mind if I didnt.B. If you let me go out, I will finish it later.C. He says he would play football all day if he were my age again.D. What would your father say if you came out at the bottom of the class again?E. But if I dont go now, it will be too late to play football with the others. III. 单项选择填空（ ）1. Its very nice _you to give me the chance.A. for B. of C. at D. to（ ）2. You watched the fashion show last night, didnt you?Yes, _I missed the beginning.A. and B. so C. but D. then（ ）3. He didnt tell me when he _. Ill telephone you as soon as he _.A. would come; comes B. come; will come C. comes; will come D. will come; comes（ ）4. _ you want to learn English well, you must practice it more often. A. If; speakingB. When; to speakC. When; speakD. If; talking（ ）5. Which of the following sentences is for suggestion? A. How about a watch? B. How is your mother? C. What a good scarf! C. Could you go with me?（ ）6. Tomorrow is my brothers birthday. What should I get him? Why _ you buy a sweater? A. do B. dont C. did D. /（ ）7. Its hot here. _ take off your coat? A. Why dont B. Why notC. Why not to D. Why not you（ ）8. I was busy_ for a test last night. A. prepare B. to prepare C. preparing D. doing prepare（ ）9. He is fond of _ to music while he is doing his homework. A. listen B. listening C. to listen D. listened（ ）10. Sam wants to study in Paris, but he knows only _ French. A. a few B. little C. few D. a little（ ）11. Theyre going to have _ holiday next month. A. a two weeks B. two-week C. a twoweek D. two weeks（ ）12. I work in this factory, and _. A. so does my father B. so my father does C. so is my father D. so my father is（ ）13. Could you please not _ here? A. smoking B. smoke C. to smokeD. smoked（ ）14. What would you do if you _ one million dollars?A. win B. wins C. won D. wan（ ）15. There _ a talk about science in our school next week . A. will be B. will have C. would be D. will hasIV. 完形填空Do you think it would be fun to remember just what you did on a certain day a few days ago? One way to 1_ each day is to write about it in a 2_. Many people write their diaries every day. They write about what they did, what they ate, what they saw, 3_ they did something and how they felt during that day. Most people dont want anyone else to read their diaries.Some Chinese students try to keep diaries in 4_. They keep the diaries not only to help 5_ remember something, but also to practice English.Long ago, many people wrote diaries, too. Some of those 6_ diaries have been found since the writers died. Some diaries are famous 7_ we can learn about the life long ago, or we can get to know something important, something interesting or something we want to know.There are many famous diaries in the world. Most people in 8_ and many people in other countries know the Diary of Lei Feng. Lei Feng was a Chinese 9_. In his short life he did 10_ good things. He was always ready to give but not to receive. He kept a diary. From the diary, people know what a man he was.（ ）1. A. tell B. say C. remember D. think（ ）2. A. book B. diary C. radio D. computer（ ）3. A. how B. who C. whom D. what（ ）4. A. Chinese B. English C. French D. Japanese（ ）5. A. ourselves B. himself C. themselves D. yourselves（ ）6. A. new B. young C. small D. old（ ）7. A. when B. because C. after D. but（ ）8. A. China B. Canada C. England D. America（ ）9. A. student B. scientist C. soldier D. teacher（ ）10. A. a few B. lot of C. a little D. lots of. 阅读理解AThe elephant is the largest animal to walk on Earth. An elephant can carry a load of 1200 pounds. They eat 300 pounds of food a day. An elephant baby can weigh 200 pounds at birth. Elephants can live up to 70 years.Elephants use their ears as a cooling system. Blood flows through veins in the ears and as the elephant flaps his ears, the blood cools and flows through his body to cool off other parts. There are two kinds of elephants: the African elephant and the Indian elephant. African elephants can be identified by the larger ears. The African elephant grows up to 10 feet tall and weighs as much as 12,000 pounds.The Indian elephant grows up to 9 feet tall, and weighs up to 8000 pounds. Its easier to identify because of its smaller ears. Most circus elephants are Indian elephants. Another name for the Indian elephant is the Asian elephant.1. How much does a baby elephant weigh at birth? A. 70 pounds B. 200 pounds C. 300 pounds D. 1200 pounds2. Elephants also use their trunks for .A. drinking water B. eating C. working D. all above3. An Indian Elephant has_ than the African Elephant.A. a longer tail B. a stronger trunk C. smaller ears D. bigger teeth4. What part of an elephants body is used to cool the elephant?A. The tail. B. The trunk. C. The feet. D. The ears.B阅读短文，根据短文内容完成句子。“Dreams may be more important than sleep. We all need to dream,” some scientists say. Dreams take up about one quarter of our sleeping time. People have several dreams each night. Dreams are like short films. They are usually in color. Some dreams are like old films. They come to us over and over again. That may be because the dreamer is worrying about something. Dreaming may be a way of trying to find an answer. Some people get new ideas about their work from dreams. They may have been thin