人教版高一英语必修三专题之 生词巧解学案：Unit1　Festivals around the world.doc

庖丁巧解牛知识巧学生词巧解take place 发生【词析】义析:happen【典句】in 1919,may 4th movement took place in china.1919年,中国发生了“五四”运动。【辨析】1）take place和 take the placetake place指“发生”，表示所发生的事是按计划或预料之中的,不能用于被动语态。take the place指“代替”(take the place of.“代替”）。2）take place,happen,break out和come abouttake place 相当于不及物动词,没有被动语态。指事先计划或预想到的事情的发生。happen也是不及物动词,没有被动语态,指一切客观事物或情况的偶然或未能预见地发生。可以和to连用，也可以接that引导的从句。 break out 仅用于负面场合,多指灾难、战争、疾病之类现象的突然发生,同样也不能用于被动句式中。 come about属于中性词语，既可用于表达正面事物的发生,又可用于表达负面事物的发生。 【词析】音析:字母组合ar读,词尾的e不发音形析:star(星星）+ve义析:cause to suffer or die from hunger【典句】the child was starved to death.孩子被活活饿死了。【拓展】1）相关短语：starve for sth.渴望；starve sb.of sth.使某人得不到某物而受苦。后者通常用被动语态,构成be starved of的句型。如：the homeless children were starved of love.=the homeless children starved for love.这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。(作此意讲时类似于 long for sth.渴望某事）2）切记starve表“感觉很饿”时,仅用于进行时态。如：when will the dinner be ready? im starving.晚饭什么时候做好？我要饿死了。【辨析】starve和 hungryhungry表示一般性的“饿了”,是形容词。starve表示“饿”的程度更深，starve只用作动词。【词析】音析:闭音节词,元音字母e读义析:a large amount【典句】we have plenty of time to catch the train.我们有充足的时间赶火车。【辨析】英语中表示“许多”的短语用法区别小结：修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词既修饰可数名词又修饰不可数名词manya good (great) manya large (great) number of/large (great) numbers ofmany amucha good (great) deal ofa large (huge) amount of/large (huge) amounts ofplenty ofa lot of/lots ofa large (great) quantity of/large (great) quantities of【词析】音析:闭音节词,元音字母a和i分别发和形析:satis(充分)+-fy(动词后缀)义析:to give what is wanted or needed【典句】they try to satisfy the customer.他们努力使顾客满意。【拓展】1）同根词：satisfied意为“感到满意的”；satisfying意为“令人满意的”。2）短语：satisfy sb./sth.使某人/某物满意(满足）be satisfied with sb./sth.对某人/某物感到满意be satisfied to do sth.对做某事感到满意【词析】音析:字母组ea读形析:类似的词还有read,sea,tea等义析:to go in front of or to instruct【典句】all roads lead to rome.条条大路通罗马。【拓展】1) lead sb.to+n.带领通往/到,to为介词。如：your explanation has led me to a clear understanding.你的解释使我清楚地了解此事。2) lead sb.to do sth.使做,此时to为动词不定式,后接动词原形。如：what led you to believe it?什么使你相信它？3）相关短语：lead a hard life过艰苦的生活；in the lead领先4)记住动词+介词to构成的常用短语有：look forward to盼望turn to求助于；转向pay attention to注意stick to坚持get down to开始认真干object to反对belong to属于refer to谈到；涉及；参阅point to指向see to处理;料理come to共计；苏醒reply to答复agree to同意add to增加devote.to.贡献给compare.to.把比作dress up盛装；打扮；装饰【词析】义析:wear ones best clothes【典句】the people in china will dress up on the first day of the lunar new year.在农历新年第一天,中国人要打扮一番。【拓展】dress作及物动词用时,如果是指穿衣的动作,dress sb.表示“给某人穿衣”,dress oneself表示“给自己穿衣服”； 如果指“穿着某件衣服”这一状态则必须用被动语态be dressed in。如：she dressed her son in uniform in a hurry,because he couldnt dress himself.她匆匆地给儿子穿上制服,因为他自己不会穿。he is smartly dressed in red when i saw him at the dinner.我在宴会上见到他身着红衣,帅气十足。【辨析】dress,put on,wear和have ondress表动作,意思是“(给自己或帮别人）穿衣服”,可单独用作不及物动词,接宾语要用表示人的名词、代词或反身代词。 put on表动作,意思是“穿上、戴上”,是终止性短语,其宾语是衣服、鞋、帽、手套、袜子、眼镜等。 wear表状态,意思是“穿着、戴着”,除了接普通衣饰类,还可指佩戴手表、首饰、徽章、花儿以及留发型、胡须的长短等,含义最广。 have on表状态且是静态,意思是“穿着、戴着”,多用于口语,是比较普通的用语,不用于进行时。 【词析】音析:元音i读,a读形析:arriv(e)(到达)+-al(名词后缀）义析:reaching a certain place or goal【典句】with the arrival of the holidays,people become busier than before.随着节日的来临,人们比以前更忙了。【拓展】1）同根词：arrive vi. 到达2）相关短语：arrive at/in sp.到达某地【词析】音析:字母组合ai读形析:类似的词还有pain,train等义析:to win or get sth.by making a lot of efforts【典句】no pains,no gains.不劳无获。(谚）【辨析】gain,get,win和achievegain指通过努力或有意识地来获得某些有益的东西;get与其他几个词意思相同,但不如其他词正式;win强调通过竞争赢得;achieve强调为实现某一目标,按常规步骤作出努力。【词析】音析:a发,字母组合th发,er发形析:类似的词还有father,mother,together等义析:to get together to collect in different places【典句】thousands of people gathered at the airport.数以千计的人聚集在机场。【辨析】gather和 collect gather是最概括的说法,因此也是应用最广泛的；指分散的人或物聚拢在一起。collect通常指有目的、有计划、有条理地收集。通常指的是仔细选择相似或有联系的东西,来变成有组织的整体的一部分。【词析】音析:元音字母u读 ,o读义析:traditional practice【典句】in france,it is the custom to shake hands with people in the office in the morning.法国人有每天早上上班和人握手的习惯。 【辨析】custom和 habit custom常指一个群体或国家代代相传形成的固定的风俗习惯；habit一般只用于个人的举止和行为。【词析】音析:元音字母a读,字母组合ar读形析:a+ward(守卫）义析:traditional practice【典句】he won the first award of talking big competition.他获得吹牛比赛的一等奖。【拓展】award也可以作为动词,意思是“颁发,授予,赏给”。如：they awarded mr.brown the gold medal for his fine vegetables at the show.因其在展览会上展出的优质蔬菜,他们颁发给布朗先生金牌奖。【辨析】medal,prize,reward和awardmedal指“奖章,勋章,纪念章”,如金牌、银牌等； prize指“奖品,奖金；战利品；捕获物”,如在竞争或在比赛中给予的,或力求获得的作为对胜利或优胜的嘉奖的东西；reward指“回报,报酬,报应”，为相应的行为作酬劳或为邪恶的举止作报应而授予或收到的某些东西；award指“奖品;因优点奖励或授予的东西”。【词析】音析:a读,字母组合ire读成义析:to look at sth.or sb.with pleasure or approval【典句】he wants to drive his car and admire the view.他想开车去观赏风景。【拓展】1）同根词：admirer n.赞美者,羡慕者；admiring adj.赞赏的,羡慕的；admiration n.欣赏,钦佩2）常用搭配：admire sb.for sth.因为某事钦佩某人【词析】音析:e读,i读,字母组合er读形析:energy(n.精力)变y为e+tic义析:be full energy；be very active【典句】the children are energetic,running and jumping.孩子们又跑又跳,精力旺盛。look forward to sth./doing sth.期待着某事/做某事【典句】im looking forward to flying in the sky like a bird.我盼望能像鸟一样能在空中飞翔。【拓展】1) 要注意这里的to是介词,后面要接动名词或名词。 2）要记住以look为中心的一些短语：look after照料look out注意;当心look up查到;抬头看look over翻阅;浏览look into调查look up to仰慕;尊敬look down upon轻视;看不起day and night日夜；昼夜；整天【词析】义析:for a long time【典句】they watch for the sick man day and night.他们日夜看守着病人。【拓展】同类搭配：now and then 不时地;here and there 到处【词析】音析:o读，字母组合th读形析:cloth(布料)+-ing(后缀)【典句】put clothing in order.把衣物放好了。【辨析】clothing,cloth和clothesclothing是衣物的总称,是抽象名词,为不可数；cloth指“布料”时为不可数名词,但具体指“布”时,则为可数名词,如a table cloth。clothes指“(具体的)衣服”,是可数名词,永远是复数形式。不可与数字连用。如不能说one clothes,但可以说many clothes。have fun with sb.玩得开心【词析】义析:have a good time with sb.【典句】i had fun with my classmates last weekend.上周末我和同学在一起玩得很开心。【拓展】相关搭配：make fun of sb.取笑某人for fun为了取乐；闹着玩【词析】音析:字母组合er读,sion读形析:permit(s)(v.许可；允许）+sion义析:the act of allowing【典句】the students come to sit down with the teachers permission.经老师允许，学生们坐下来。【拓展】固定搭配：with/without sb.s permission (未）经某人允许ask for sb.s permission征求某人的许可【辨析】permit和 allowpermit较为正式,含有积极的,从正面允许的含义。allow指“并不反对”，偏重“默许”“听任”,含义较为消极。turn up出现；到场【词析】义析:to make an appearance;arrive【典句】i was expecting him at ten,but he didnt turn up.我指望他十点来,但他却没有来。【拓展】1） turn up其他词义：表示“把声音开大点”；如： turn up the radio a little.i cant hear it.把收音机音量开大一点,我简直听不见。表示“发现,找到”。如：she turned up the missing papers under her blotter.她在记事本下找到了丢失的文件。2）记住其他与up搭配的短语：stand up站起;lock up锁起来;set up建