语法复习一——现在完成时.doc

语法复习专题一现在完成时一、基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done) 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1） 现在完成时的完成用法现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在. He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况-灯现在不亮了。)I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.) Jane has laid the table.(含义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.) 2） 现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点）连用. Mary has been ill for three days. Mary has been ill since three days ago.注意:1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语） 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for, since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately等: He has already obtained a scholarship. I havent seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如ever, never, twice, several times等: Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman several times.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如up to these few days/weeks/months/years, just, up to present(now), so far等: Peter has written six papers so far. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. 6. have been to 和have gone to的区别have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Wheres your mother? -你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital. -她去医院了。has been in 一直在某地三、现在完成时考点例析现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有：一、考查其构成助动词have (has) +动词过去分词构成现在完成时。如：1. Kates never seen Chinese films，_ ? A. hasnt she B. has she C. isnt she D. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kates是Kate has的缩写，故选B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句)His uncle _ posted the photos to him _. 析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasnt, yet。二、考查其用法与标志词(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -_you_ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished2. -_ you _anywhere before? -Yes, but I cant remember where I_A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。(二)当句中有for +段时间或since +点时间等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词(短语)。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice_he came to Yunnan. A. after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。2. Tom_the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表段时间的短语连用，故选D。3. I_a letter from him since he left. A. didnt receive B. havent got C. didnt have D. havent heard析：据since可知，应排除A、C，hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb.意为收到某人的来信，故选B。三、考查have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的区别。如：1. -Have you ever_Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have. A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为去某地了，C项意为一直呆在某地，D项意为去过某地，符合题意，故选D。2. My parents _ Shangdong for ten years. A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been析：本题句中有for+段时间结构，据此可排除C，B项意为去过某地，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选A。四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1. Suns aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)析：非延续性动词与段时间连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型Its +段时间+since+从句进行句子转换。故答案为：Suns aunt has been there for ten years. /Suns aunt went there ten years ago. /Its ten years since Suns aunt went there. 2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)_more than ten years _Susan _to this city. 析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。3. I wont go to the concert because I _my ticket. A. lost B. dont lose C. have lost D. is coming析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。Exercises:I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _ (finish) his work today? Not yet.3. My father _ just _ (come) back from work. He is tired now.4. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.5. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.6. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.7. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.8. I _ just _ (finish) my homework. 9. He _ (go) to school on foot every day. 10._ you _ (find) your science book yet? 11. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you. 12. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in. 13. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree. 14. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday. 15. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere? II. Choose the best answer. 2. My grandpa died _.A. at the age of my 2 B. for 2 years C. when I was 2. D. my age was 6.3. Jane has _ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.A. been B. gone C went D. never been4. It is ten years _ I last saw her.A. after B. since C. for D. that5.-Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? -I will. I _ her several times.A. met B. have met C. had met D. will meet6. -What a nice dress! How long _ you _ it? -Just 2 weeks.A. will, buy B. did, buy C. are, having D. have, had7.-Do you know Lydia very well? -Yes, She and I _ friends since we were very young. A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned8. The Smiths _ in China for 8 years.A. has lived B. lived C. have been D. live9. -Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black? - Sorry. He _ the Bainiao Park.A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. will go to10. -_ you ever _ to the US? - Yes, twice.A. Have, gone B. Have, been C, Do, go D. were, going11.Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know . will know12.He has _ been to Shanghai, has he?. already . never . ever . still15.Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was; studying . will; study. has; studied . are; studying17.Harry Potter is a very nice film. I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see19._ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. Did; do; finished . Have; done; finished. Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish24. Miss Green isnt in the office. she _ to the library. has gone . went .will go . has been27. has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he