阅读理解事实细节.ppt

理解事实细节 考查考生对事实细节的理解 是高考英语阅读中占比重最大的一类题型 根据试题答案和文中信息的关系 我们又可以分为 语意转换题 正确答案是用意义相同或相近的词语来表达文中相应的信息 信息归纳题 正确答案是精练的语言来概括原文中比较分散或比较复杂的信息 细节推断题 根据文中提供的两个或几个信息点 进行简单的逻辑推理 得出正确答案 先后排序题 要求考生根据动作或事件发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系 进行排序 提问方式这类题主要是针对who what which why how when where等来提问的 如 1 Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue NOTtrue false accordingtothepassage 2 Whichofthefollowingstatementsis not correct 3 Inthepassage whichofthefollowingismentioned notmentioned 4 AllthefollowingstatementsarenottrueEXCEPT 5 AllthestatementsaretrueEXCEPT 6 Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage 一般可以在文章中直接或间接找到答案 但是不可能与阅读材料一模一样 而是用不同的词语或句型表达相同的意思 但正确选项应当与主旨相关联 方法指导 1 明确题意 顺藤摸瓜 2 按照要求 寻找答案来源 3 找准关键词 明白其暗示作用 4 多读原文 正确使用排除法 return 1 迅速定位 缩小范围 通过寻读法 用题干或选项中的关键词在文中搜寻 迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置 缩小阅读范围 题干和选项中可用来在文中搜索关键词可能是专有名词 数词 实体名词 以及这些词的同义表达等 2 理解其意 对照选项 在找到这些关键词句后 要仔细阅读 准确理解 对照选项 看哪个选项的意思与之最接近 3 排除干扰 选出答案 在作出选择的过程中 要善于辨别真伪 排除干扰 不断缩小范围 选出正确答案 这就是我们常说的排除法 杜撰事实 无中生有 文中根本找不到任何相关信息 完全由命题人所捏造 偷梁换柱 以假乱真 采用原文中的句式和大部分词汇 但换了个别词 改变原意 半真半假 虚虚实实 干扰项与原文相关细节部分相同 部分相悖 文不对题 滥竽充数 干扰项是原文中的事实细节 但与题干要求不符 留意否定词 如果题干中含有否定意义的词语 如有NOT EXCEPT least never等 要特别留心 不要理解错了 而选相反的答案 巧解排序题 可以采用 首位定位法 即先找出第一个动作和最后一个动作 迅速缩小范围 快速选出正确答案 1 Inthefirstcase wherewedon ttelltheclerk acoupleofthingswouldhappen Deepdowninsidewewouldknowourselvesasatypeofthief Intheprocess wewouldlosesomepeaceofmindandself respect Wewouldalsodemonstratethatwecannotbetrusted sinceweadvertiseour dishonorbytellingourfamilyandfriends Wedamageourownreputationsbytellingothers 2007广东B 47 Theauthorthinksthatkeepingsilentabouttheunchargeditemisequalto lyingB stealingC cheatingD advertising B 2 Howshouldoneinvestasumofmoneyinthesedaysofinflation 通货膨胀 Leftinabankitwillhardlykeepitsvalue howeverhightheinterestrate Onlyabraveman oraveryrichone darestobuyandsellontheStockMarket Todayitseemsthatoneofthebestwaystoprotectyoursavings andevenincreaseyourwealthistobuybeautifulobjectsfromthepast HereIamgoingtooffersomeadviceoncollectingantiqueclocks whichIpersonallyconsiderareamongthemostinterestingofantiques 2007广东A 41 Accordingtothepassage collectingantiqueclocks A canhardlykeepthevalueofyoursavingsB willcostmuchofyoursavingsC mayincreaseyourwealthD needsyourbravery C 1 Inthe119thcenturyEnglandpeoplelikedtogototheseaside Inthosedays ladiesworelongbathingdresses andmenworebathingsuits Womendidnotwalkaboutonthebeachintheirbathingdresses Theyhiredabathingmachine Abathingmachinewasusedforchangingin andfortakingthebatherdowntothesea Itcost2pencetohireamachineandanattendant Whenshehadpaid thebatherclimbedupthebackstepsandgotintothebathingmachine Thenshechangedintoherbathingdress Whenshehadchanged themachinewaspulleddowntothesea Thebathingmachinestoppedinthewaterandthebatherwentdownthefrontstepsintothewater Ifshedidn twanttogetintothesea theattendantpulledherin 65 In19thcenturypeoplewhousedthebathingmachineusuallydidthefollowingthings Whichistherightorderfordoingthem Changingintobathingclothingb Gettingoutofthebathingmachinec Paying2penced Gettingintothebathingmachinee Beingtakendownthebeachf Gettingintothewatere d a b f cB c d a e b fC c d e a b fD d a e b f c B 2 Fatandshy BenSaunderswasthelastkidinhisclasspickedforanysportsteam Itwasamountainbikehereceivedforhis15thbirthdaythatchangedhim Atfirsthewentbikingaloneinanearbyforest Thenhebegantoridethebikealongwitharunnerfriend Gradually Saunderssetuphismindonbuildinguphisbody increasinghisspeedandstrength Attheageof18 heranhisfirstmarathon ThefollowingyearhemetJohnRidgwayandwashiredasaninstructoratRidgway sschoolofadventureinScotland wherehelearntaboutRidgway scold waterexploits Greatlyinterested SaundersreadallhecouldaboutNorthPoleexplorersandadventures thedecidedthatthiswouldbehisfuture In2001 afterbecomingaskillfulskier Saundersstartedhisfirstlong distanceexpeditiontowardstheNorthPole andhe sskiedmoreoftheNorthPolebyhimselfthananyotherBritishman Hisoldplaymateswouldnotbelievethechange NextOctober Saunders 27 headssouthfromthecoastofAntarcticatotheSouthPoleandback a2900 kilometerjourneythathasneverbeencompletedonskis 2 WhichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderoftheeventsthathappenedtoSaunders a Heranhisfirstmarathon b HeskiedaloneintheNorthPole c Herodehisbikeinaforest d HeplannedanadventuretotheSouthPole a c d bB c d a bC a c b dD c a b d D 数字计算题如果问的内容是由数字表示的事实或细节 比如时间 价格 次数 人数等 答案往往要经过计算才能回答 不要轻易从文中直接找出数字 文中直接出现的数据有可能只是其中之一 而要把文中出现的数字都要找到 确定它们之间的关系之后 再做出最后选择 以免理解错误 1 ViewingPlatformPenguinPlus V Morepersonalizedwildlifeviewinglimitedto130peopleprovidingcloserviewingofthepenguinarrivalthanthemainviewingstands Adult 25 00Child 12 5075 Howmuchwouldacouplewithonechildpayforacloserviewingtour 37 50 B 62 50 C 180 00 D 150 00 B 2 WENEEDOFFICECLRANERS ThreepeoplearerequiredforprofessionalcleaningintheCBDarea Workinghoursfrom5 00pmonMondays Wednesdays Fridays Approximatelyfivehourspershift Agoodrecordisnecessary Experiencepreferred Phone63457843now 63 Theofficecleanerswillberequiredtoworkabout hoursaweek A 5B 10C 15D 20 C AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU S Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad whichisonthetopofthedam Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside Theelevatorgoesdownforty fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936 LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates HooverDam oneofthehighestdamsintheworld issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada Q WheredoesHooverDamlie A betweenArizonaandNevadaB intheBlackCanyon C betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD bothAandB 在解答这类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息 采用针对性方法进行阅读 高考题重现 InvitedbyMr YeHuixian hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme StarsTonight MissLuoLin MissAsiaof1991 appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia Herchildhooddreamwasto