初三Unit2B1-11知识点 1. different adj. 不同的 be different from differently adv..doc

Unit 11. different adj. 不同的 be different from differently adv. 不同地 feel differently2.By: 通过.方式（途径）。 例：I learn English by listening to tapes.在.旁边。 例：by the window/the door 乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car 在之前，到为止。例：by October在10月前 被 例：English is spoken by many people.3.how与what的区别： how通常对方式或程度提问，意思有：怎么样 如何，通常用来做状语、表语。 what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问，意思为 什么，通常做宾语，主语。What to do? How to do it?e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book? I dont know what I should do with the matter.=I dont know how I should deal with it. What do you like about China?=How do you like China? I dont know what to do next step?=I dont know how to do it next step? What good / bad weather it is today!（weather为不可数名词，其前不能加 a ） What a fine / bad day it is today! （day为可数名词，其前要加 a ） 4. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 : 三个词都与大声或响亮有关。aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大, 常用在读书上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He talks loudly in public. 他当众大声说话。5. voice 指人的嗓音 也指鸟鸣。sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。noise 指噪音、吵闹声6. find + 宾语 + 宾补（名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等） 例：I find him friendly. We found him in bed. I found him working in the garden.7. 常见的系动词有： 是：am 、is、 are 保持：keep、 stay 转变：become、 get、 turn 起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound8. get + 宾语+宾补（形容词 过去分词 动词不定式） 使某种情况发生例 Get Mr. Green to come. 让格林先生进来I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车You cant get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着9. quickly adv. 快地（做一件事情快） fast adv. 快地，迅速地（速度快） slowly adv. 慢地10. practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词 need a lot of practice 需要大量的练习 for fun 为了娱乐 11. add 补充说 又说12. join 加入某团体 并成为其中一员 attend 出席参加会议或讲座 join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。13all-none 三者或三者以上都不, both-neither 两者都不, everything-nothing, everybody-nobody. every三者或三者以上的每一边/ each两者的每一边14. be afraid of doing sth. / sth.害怕 be afraid of being alonebe afraid to do sth.害怕 be afraid that恐怕担心，表示委婉语气15.either：放在否定句末表示“也” 两者中的“任一”eitheror或者或者. 要么要么引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则16.complete完成，是个较正式的词，后不能接动名词 complete sth.finish指日常事物的完成 finish doing sth./sth17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”，“再一”。 例：Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl.18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing. 干.遇到麻烦，困难19.unless 除非，如果不，等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 例：My baby sister doesnt cry unless shes hungry. =My baby sister doesnt cry if she isnt hungry.20.instead: adv. 代替，更换。例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？ 我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？instead of doing sth. 作为某人或某事物的替换 例：Lets play cards instead of watching TV. 21.spoken 口头的，口语的。spoken English 口头英语 speaking 讲话的，说某种语言的。improve my speaking skills 提高我的讲英语的能力22. 提建议的句子：(虽然句末有？号，但仍用some系列的词)What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? Would you like to do sth? Would you like to go shopping? Would you mind( my)doing sth? Would you mind my going shopping?23. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。24. tooto太而不能常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：Im too tired to say anything. 我太累了，什么都不想说。25. not at all 一点也不 根本不 如：I like milk very much. I dont like coffee at all. 26.be / get excited about sth.= be / get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth. 对感兴奋 如： I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。27. end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 end up with sth. 以结束 如：The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。28. first of all 首先 to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随29. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末=as well 30. make mistakes 犯错 make mistakes (in) doing sth. 在干某事方面出错如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。make mistakes in grammar 犯语法错误by mistake 错误地；由于搞错 mistake-mistook-mistaken31. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Dont laugh at me!不要取笑我!32. take notes 做笔记，做记录 33. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 如： She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。34. native speaker 说本族语的人35. one of +(the+形容词比较级)+名词复数形式其中之一 如：She is one of the most popular teachers. 36. Its +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事 如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English37. practice doing 练习做某事 如：She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。38. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如：LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。39. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.40. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。41. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如： I was angry with her. 我对她生气。42. perhaps = maybe 也许43. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。44. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生see sb. / sth. do 看见某人做了某事/经常做某事 如：45. each other 彼此 46. regard as 把看作为. 如：The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。47. too many许多修饰可数名词如：too many girls too much许多修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk much too太修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful48. changeinto将变为The magician changed the pen into a book. 这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。49. with the help of sb. = with ones help 在某人的帮助下如：with the help of LiLei = with LiLeis help 在李雷的帮助下50. compare to 把与相比如：Compare you to Anna, you are lucky.你和安娜相比，你是幸运的。51.by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡 52. askfor help 向某人求助 53. realize v. 认识到，了解到，意识到， 54.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式55.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧 56.for example (=for instance)例如 57. secret n. 秘密 58.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话59.get excited 高兴，激动 60.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话61.do a survey about 做有关的调查 62.take notes 记笔记 keep an English notebook 记英语笔记63.pronounce v. 发音 pronunciation n. 发音 get the pronunciation right 使发音准确 64.in class在课堂上 65.write down 写下，记下66.look up (v + adv) 查找，查询 look them up in the dictionary 在字典中查阅他们 67.make up 编造，虚构，化妆，打扮 68.around the world 全世界69.go by 消逝 70. regardas 把当做71.complain about/of 抱怨 72.think of (think about) 想起，想到 73.physical problems身体上的问题74.break off 中断，突然终止 75. notat all 根本不，全然不76.learner n. 学习者77. term n. 学期78. impress v. 使感动，使印象深刻79. soft adj. 软的80. Its ones duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任81. influence v. 影响82. lose v. 失去； 丧失83. soldier n. 士兵、军人84. try ones best 尽力做85. Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。 Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。Unit 21. used to 过去常常做某事,暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态. 后跟动词原形. used to do sth. There used to be .（反意疑问句）didnt there?否定形式为: didnt use to 或 usednt to疑问形式为: Diduse to? 或 Usedto?be/get used to doing sth.习惯于, to 为介词.2. wear 表示状态. =be in +颜色的词 put on 表示动作. dress + 人 给某人穿衣服.dress sb. / oneselfhave on表示状态（不用于进行时态）3. on the swim team on 是的成员,在供职.4. Dont you remember me? 否定疑问句.（考点） Yes, I do. 不, 我记得. No, I dont 是的, 我不记得了.5. sleep v. 睡觉 go to sleep=go to bed sleepy adj. 有睡意的，困倦的 be sleepy asleep adj. 熟睡的 be/fall asleep6. be terrified of 害怕的 程度比 be afraid of 深.7. miss: 思念, 想念 例: I really miss the old days. 错过, 未中, 未赶上, 未找到. 例: Its a pity that you miss the bus.8. eat candy 吃糖果 chew gum嚼口香糖 9. right: adj. 正确的, 右边的 n. 右方, 权利 adv. 直接地. go right home10. seem +adj. It seems beautiful.Seem to do It seems that+that 从句Yu Mei seems to have changed a lot. = It seems that Yu Mei has changed a lot. 11. afford + n. /pron. afford + to do 常与can, be able to 连用.例: Can you afford a new car? The film couldnt afford to pay such large salaries.12. as well as 连词, 不但而且 强调前者. (若引导主语, 谓动与前者在人称和数上一致例: Living things need air and light as well as water. 生命不仅需要水, 还需要空气和阳光. I as well as they am ready to help you. 不仅是他们, 我也愿意帮助你.13. alone = by oneself 独自一人. lonely 孤独的, 寂寞的.14. in the last/past + 一段时间 during the last/past + 一段时间 与现在完成时连用.15. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) dying (垂死的)16. play the piano弹钢琴17. be/ become interested in sth. 对感兴趣be interested in doing sth. 对做感兴趣show great interest in 在方面产生极大的兴趣a place of interest 一处名胜 some places of interest 如：He is interested in math, but he isnt interested in speaking English. 他对数学感兴趣，但是他对说英语不感兴趣。 interested adj. 感兴趣的，指人对某事物感兴趣，往往主语是人 interesting adj.有趣的，指某事物/某人具有趣味，主语往往是物 an interesting book / man 18. daily adj. 每日的，日常的 daily life 日常生活19. on 副词，表示（电灯、电视、机械等）在运转中/打开，其反义词off. with the light on 灯开着20. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校21. sb. spend 动词，表示“花费金钱、时间”( spent spent)sb spendon sth. 在某事上花费（金钱、时间）He spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着sb spenddoing sth. 花费（钱、时间）去做某事如He spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。Sb. pay 钱for 物 花费 (paid, paid ) 如：I pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。 Sth cost sb some money (cost, cost) Tthe book cost me 10 yuan.take动词 有“花费”的意思（took, took）常用的结构有：It take(s) sb to do sth. 如It takes me a day to read the book.22. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊如：I like to chat with him. 我喜欢和他聊天。23. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事worry 是动词be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事worried 是形容词如：Dont worry about him. 不用担心他。 Mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。24. all the time 一直、始终25. take sb. to + 地方送/带某人去某个地方如： A person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。Lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家(home 的前面不能用to)26. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有 hard 困难的；猛烈地hardly ever 很少hardly 修饰动词时，通常放在助动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前助动词/情态动词hardlyhardly + 实义动词如：I can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。I hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。It rains hard outside, I could hardly go out.27. cause v. 引起28. 反身代词myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself herself itself themselves 29. how to swim 怎样游泳不定式与疑问词连用：动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用，构成不定式短语。如： The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。 I dont know where to go. 我不知道去哪。30. make sb./ sth. + 形容词make you happy make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh31. move to +地方搬到某地如：I moved to Beijing last year.32. patient adj. 有耐心的33. waste ones time 浪费某人的时间34. fifteen-year-old 作形容词15岁的 fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人 fifteen years old 指年龄15岁如：a fifteen-year-old boy一个15岁的男孩Fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。I am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。35. gym class 体操课.36. as + 形容词./副词as sb. could/can 尽某人的能力如： Zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。37. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦38. in the end 最后39. decide v. 决定decide to do sth. decision n. 决定 make a decision 下决定下决心40. to ones surprise 令某人惊讶如：to their surprise令他们惊讶to LiLeis surprise令李雷惊讶41. take pride in sth. 以而自豪如：His father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪. Be proud of 以而自豪 如：His father is always proud of him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪.42. pay attention to sth. 对注意，留心如：You must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。43. be able to do sth. 能做某事如：She is able to do it. 她能够做到。44. all the time 一直, 总是45. walk to school = go to school on foot take the bus to school = go to school by bus 46. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事如：My father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。47.复合句与简单句的转化： when - at the age of sothat- too to. / enough to so that- in order to do sth. because- because of if .- without / with if- 祈使句+ and / or + 简单句 宾语从句-特殊疑问词+动词不定式 be afraid be sure that +从句- 动词不定式 be sorry It seems / seemed that sb.- sb. seems / seemed to do sth. Sb. hopes / hoped that -sb. hopes / hoped to do sth.Unit 31.should be done 应该被做 should do= be supposed to do 应该做某事2. allow sb. to do sth. allow doing sth允许(某人)做某事（主动语态）如：Mother allows me to watch TV every night.be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）如：LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞让/使（别人）做某事 get sth. done(过去分词) have sth. done 如：I get my car repaired. = I have my car repaired. 我让别人修好我的车4. enough 足够形容词enough 如：beautiful enough足够漂亮 enough名词如：enough food 足够食物I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。 enough to do sth足够去做如：She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事Please stop speaking.请停止说话。stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。6. earing n. 耳环7.倒装句: 由so助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词主语意为：也是一样Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定) 表示与前面所述事实一致.She is a student. So am I.她是一个学生，我也是。 She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了，我也是 She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。She will go to school. So will he.她将去学校，他也是。Tom cant swim. Neither can John.8. design ones own clothes设计自己的衣服9. stay up 熬夜如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。10. clean up 打扫整理如：I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。11. at the local hospital 在当地医院12. 曾经做某事：Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I dont. Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I havent.13. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼)go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船)go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)14. .be strict with+人. be strict in+事物.例: The head teacher is strict with his students. He is strict in the work.15. take the test 参加考试 pass the test 通过考试 fail a test 考试失败16. the other day前几天,不久前的一天.(用于过去时) every other day = every two days 每隔一天 （每两天）17. agree 同意反义词 disagree不同意 动词 agreement 同意反义词 disagreement 不同意名词agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea. agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.18. keep sb/ sth. 形容词使某人/某物保持.如：We should keep our city clean. 我们应该保持我们的城市干净。keep sb. doing 使某人一直做某事 Dont keep me waiting for a long time.别让我等得太久。19. bothand+动词复数形式如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) 如：Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事 have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事 如：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing. I have a chance of going to Beijing.22. at present 目前23. at least 最少 at most 最多24. experience v. 经历、体验experience u.n. 经验 have a lot of experience 有着丰富的经验 c.n. 经历 its a good experience. 这是一次好的经历。25. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days offoff 不工作,不上班,不上学,不值班.例: I think Ill take the afternoon off. 我想下午歇班.26. reply to sb. 答复某人 如：She replayed to MrGreen. answer the question 回答问题27. obey the rules 遵守规则28. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍 如： Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv. 30. think about 与think of 的区别 当两者译为： 认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用 I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。 think about 还有“考虑”之意 ，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。 We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。31. 对 热衷， 对兴趣be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。32. important adj. 重要的 importance n. 重要性 the importance of 的重要性33. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son. 34. also 也 用于句中 either也 用于否定句且用于句末 too=as well 也 用于肯定句且用于句末 I am also a student. 我也是一个学生 I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。35. race n. 比赛 赛跑36. silly 指头脑简单,傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有感情色彩. 37. point n . 要点， 论点38.clean (v.) 打扫,清理 clean up 彻底地打扫,清理 39.concentrate on 全神贯注做例: This company concentrates on China market. 这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.40. morethan与其说不如说; 比更例: The man is more stupid than nervous.与其说那人紧张,倒不如说他愚蠢.在这一结构中,more做adj. 修饰名词,表示“比多”例:I have more books than you. 我的书比你的多.41. get in the way (of). 妨碍.The bikes over there will get in the way of others. 自行车放在那里会妨碍别人的.42. part-time jobs 兼职工作 43. a drivers license 驾照44. on weekends 在周末 45. at that age 在那个年龄段46. on school nights 在上学期间的每个晚上 47. all my classmates 我所有的同学 48. get noisy 吵闹(系表结构) 49.English-English dictionary 英英词典 50.eight hours sleep a night 每晚8小时的睡眠51. an old peoples home 敬老院 52. primary schools 小学 53. a professional athlete 职业运动员 54. achieve ones dreams 实现梦想 55. mess n. 脏乱 混乱 56. -I think students should be allowed to do homework with friends. - I agree./I disagree. The talked instead of doing homework.in -Do you think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to choose their own clothes? -Yes, I do. / No, I dont.57. other 其他的 others 其他的人或物 the other 两者中另一者 the others 多者中除一部分外剩余的全部 another 又一 另一Unit 41.wear a tie 系领带2. pretend to do sth.假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在干某事 The students pretended to be writing when the teacher came in. pretend +从句 假装 I pretended that I fell asleep. 3. be late for 迟到 如： I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义 如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义 如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。5. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several 一词时要不能加s ，反之，则要加s 并与of 连用， 表示数量很多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundr