研究生计算机专业英语考试资料.doc

。一、 把下列词汇翻译成英语（每小题1分，共18分）66666。1) 分布式系统Distributed Network Operating System 2) 命中率 hit rate3) 管程 monitor4) 互斥 mutual exclusion5) 临界区 Critical Section6) 宽度优先搜索 breadth first search7) 容错 fault-tolerance8) 嵌入式系统embedded operating system9) 人机交互human-computer interaction10) 约束满足Constraint Satisfaction11) 搜索引擎 search engine12) 代理网关Proxy Gateway 13) 关系代数 relation algebra14) 死锁检测 deadlock detection15) 分形压缩Fractal compression16) 布尔搜索boolean search17) 地址解析协议Address Resolution Protocol18) 素数定理prime number theorem二、把下列术语翻译成汉语（每个1分，共17分）1. portability可移植性2. hash coding哈希编码3. disk mirroring 磁盘镜像4. expansion slot扩展插槽5. touch screen触摸屏 6. Page fault页面错误7. virtual reality虚拟现实8. Electronic commerce电子商务 9. instruction prefetch 指令领取10. space complexity空间复杂度11. pattern match模式匹配12. Data warehouse数据仓库13. eigenvalue特征值14. course ware 课件15. collision detection冲突检测16. ontology本体工程学17. cross-platform跨平台三、写出下列缩写词的英文全称，并翻译成汉语（每小题2分，共16分）GUI Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面RISC Reduced Instruction Set Computer，精简指令集计算机BLOB Binary Large Object二进制大对象AI Artificial Intelligence人工智能 CAD Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计DSS Decision Support System决策支持系统USB Universal Serial BUS通用串行总线HTML Hyper Text Mark-up Language超文本标记语言四、用英语回答问题（每小题5分，共35分）1.What is the common structure of a presentation? And which parts are important and must be explained clearly?Answer: Title of the presentation/name/affiliation of the authorOutlineWhy/What you want to doPrior art /related work/ whats newHow to doResultsEvaluation: contributions/advantages/limitationsApplications/recommendationsConclusion/future work“Whats new”，“how to do”，and “results” are important and must be explained clearly.2. What is the clear structure of a scientific paper? Which sections do you need to address in detail?Answer: A scientific paper usually consists of the abstract, keywords(optional), introduction, method, result, discussion(optional),conclusion future work, and referenceIntroduction method and result must be addressed in detail.3.What is the common structure of a thesis? What should be declared on the cover page?Answer:A thesis generally consists of the cover page, abstract, acknowledgement, table of contents, list of figures/tables, chapters, list of publications, and bibliography. The cover page provides the basic information of you and your thesis, including the title of your thesis, your research direction, your name and affiliation, and the submitting time of your thesis. 4. What kinds of documents are generally necessary to apply for a visa?Answer: The required documents vary with the countries, but generally the following are necessary:Visa application forms with two photographs Your passportThe certificate of flight reservation and hotel reservationThe balance certificate of your personal bank accountConfirmation of your status and affiliationOfficial invitation letter from the conference organizing committeeVisa application fee5.Before submitting your paper to an international journal/transaction, what information should you get? And where can you find that?Answer: Before submitting your paper to an international journal/transaction, you should be familiar with the submission guideline for the appropriate publication. The guideline information can generally be found through selecting the link in the author resources section of the web page provided by the journalRead carefully the aim, scope, policy, and submission procedure of the journal. Then click on the submit manuscript icon and submit your paper step by step according to the textual prompt.6.What search sites do you often use? Do you know any popular database of research?Answer: Most popular search sites at present are probably Google and Yahoo!. Engineering Village provides access to the top information resources in the applied science, technical and engineering fields including Compendex and Inspec.7.What should you consider of when you select a research subject?Answer: follow your interest, attend to new theory or technology, think independently, search literature extensively, interdisciplinary research provides new opportunity五、英译汉（25分）This isnt AI for AIs sakethis renaissance is not one of stand-alone AI applications. Unlike first-generation AI applications, AI now can be embedded in heterogeneous networked computing environments and used for search, retrieval, and analysis of previously unimaginable quantities of data. Because the wealth of data makes direct human analysis impossible, AI-based support has become necessary to help users fully exploit that information.Although computers have become ubiquitous, many people still clearly prefer pen and paper for many tasks because pen and paper note-taking is frequently less intrusive, less noisy, more flexible, more convenient and simpler than current computer alternatives.AI paradigms are not orthogonal among themselves. They are rather successive steps in our knowledge of what a cognitive system should be. It seems that currently at least three paradigms are used in AI. Let us call them the be haviourist paradigm, the agent paradigm, and the artificial life paradigm.Predicting the results of the next generation of fundamental research requires either bravery or foolishness. One need not hazard such risks, however, to identify the core challenges facing the next generation of AI systems, namely, exhibiting robust operation in hostile environments, broad and deep knowledge of large domains, the ability to interact naturally with people, and a degree of self-understanding and internal integrity.While the first industrial revolution was fuelled by natural resources, the second is being fuelled by information and knowledge which justifies the fourth century slogan: Knowledge is power. Today, a sure way for a company to commit commercial suicide is by failing to protect its intellectual property (i.e. knowledge) and by ignoring the machines of the second industrial revolution. Those companies that make current machines more intelligent and exploit them to their advantage are set to domin