大学英语(一).doc

.Reading ComprehensionPassage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. The typical conversation between Americans takes a form that can be called repartee. No one speaks for very long. Speakers take turns frequently, often after only a few sentences have been spoken. “Watching a conversation between two Americans is like watching a table tennis game,” a British observer said. “Your head goes back and forth and back and forth so fast it almost makes your neck hurt.”Americans tend to be impatient with people who take long turns. Such people are said to “talk too much.” Many Americans have difficulty paying attention to someone who speaks more than a few sentences at a time, as Nigerians, Arabs, and some others do. Americans admire conciseness, or what they call “getting to the point.”Americans engage in little ritual interaction (礼仪式的交流). Only a few ritual greetings are common: “How are you?” “Im fine, thank you,” “Nice to meet you,” and “Hope to see you again.” These things are said in certain situations Americans learn to recognize, and, like any ritual greetings, are concerned more with form than with substance. That is, the questions are supposed to be asked and the statements are supposed to be made in particular situations, no matter what the people involved are feeling or what they really have in mind. In many Americans opinions, people who rely heavily on ritual greetings are “too shy” or “too polite,” unwilling to reveal their true natures and ideas.Americans are generally impatient with long ritual greetings about family members healthcommon among Latin Americansconsidering them a waste of time.21.During a typical conversation between Americans, people try to be _.A. polite B. interestedC. concise D. friendly22. By comparing a conversation between two Americans to a table tennis game, the British observer means that _. A. Americans like to take short turns in a conversation B. Americans enjoy talking as well as watching a table tennis game C. Americans get excited easily D. Americans talk with great expression23. Americans _ when they talk with Arabs.A. may lose their patience B. have to listen very carefully C. talk too much D. never use English24. In the United States, ritual greetings _. A. are very common in peoples conversations B. are suitable in all situations C. help to lead to a serious conversation D. have little substance25. According to this passage, Americans have a low opinion of people who _. A. do not talk much B. do not pay attention to the speaker C. like to ask about other peoples health D. bring too many ritual greetings into a conversationPassage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.The word health can be used in a number of ways. In the past， health only the absence of disease or illness. Today， though， health has a broader meaning. Health is the state of your well-being that includes how you feel physically， mentally， and socially. Wellness is another term that describes this broader view of health. You can understand the need for a broader definition if you think about how health in your life is different from health in your grandparents lives.In 1900， the main causes of death were diseases that were spread by bacteria（细菌） and viruses（病毒）。If you had lived then， the danger of your dying from pneumonia（肺炎） would have been three times greater than the danger of your dying from cancer.The diseases that were most common in 1900 affected people of all ages. It is not surprising， then that around 1900， the emphasis of health was on freedom from illness. Today many of the diseases that were common in 1900 can be prevented or cured by improved medicines and methods of sanitation（卫生）。 Most diseases now are likely to occur later in life. You as a teenager will probably not have to think about the same threats to your health as your grandparents did.These improvements in health conditions mean that not only can you now enjoy a better life， but you also have a greater chance of having a longer life. Conrtolling diseases has increased the life expectancy in the United States. Grenerally， people born more recently have higher life expectancie s. Since 1900， the life expectancy in the United States has increased by more than 27 years. It has increased from 47 years for those born in 1900 to 74 years 1981.26.According to Paragraph 1， health and wellness _.A.can be used interchangeably on all occasionsB.are different in that the latter has a broader senseC.had the same meaning in the pastD.both refer to the state of your well-being27.Which of the following statements is true？A.Diseases caused by bacteria and viruses were incurable in 1900.B.Bacteria and viruses are the main causes of death today.C.Medicines for curing pneumonia were not available in 1900.D.Pneumonia caused as many deaths in 1900 as cancer does today.28.“Life expectancy”in the last paragraph most probably means _.A.the kind of life that a person may expect to liveB.the mode of life that a group of people have livedC.the length of time that a person or an animal has livedD.the length of time that people may expect to live29.On an average， people in America who were born in 1900 _.A.had a life-span of 74 yearsB.lived a shorter but better life than those born laterC.lived to 47 years of ageD.lived 27 years longer than those born in 198130.The intended readers of the passage are _.A.teenagers B.the diseased C.adults D. aged peoplePassage Three Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Most Americans would have a difficult time telling you， specifically， what the values are which Americans live by. They have never given the matter any thought.Over the years I have introduced thousands of international visitors to life in the United States. This has caused me to try to lock at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitors， I am confident that the values listed in this booklet describe most （but not all ）Americans， and that understanding these values can help you， the international visitor， understand Americans.It is my belief that if foreign visitors really understand how deeply these 13 values are ingrained in Americans， they will then be able to understand 95% of American actionsactions which might otherwise appear“strange，”“confusing，”or“unbelievable”when evaluated from the perspective of the foreigners own society and its values.The different behaviors of a people or a culture make sense only when seen through the basic beliefs， assumptions and values of that particular group. When you encounter and action， or hear a statement in the United States which surprises you， try to see it as an expression of one or more of the values listed in this booklet.31.Can an ordinary American tell you his/her value system？A.Yes， because this is something an American lives by.B.No， because everyone will have his /her own system. C.No， because he/she has never thought about it. D.Yes， because values are something often in their thought.32.The author lists 13 values in his booklet to _.A.invite foreigners to visit AmericaB.look at Americans through the eyes of foreign visitorsC.describe the confusing actions of most AmericansD.help international visitors understand Americans33.The word“ingrained”in Line 2， Paragraph 3 most probably means _.A.rooted in the minds B.found in the grainsC.planted for food D.prepared with grain34.Visitors sometimes fine Americans behave in a strange， confusing or unbelievable way， probably because _.A.Americans are hard to understandB.Americans have values which are entirely different from their ownC.they view Americans according to the values in their own societyD.it is difficult to understand any people when you first encounter them35.How can you understand a surprising behavior or statement of an American when you visit the United States？A.By linking it to the basic beliefs， assumptions and values of the Americans.B.By comparing it with the values of yourself and your country.C.By expressing one or more of the values in this booklet.D.By looking at the particular group of people who behave or speak that way. Word Form （20 points， 2 point for each item）将括号中的各词变为适当的形式填入空白。答案写在答题表格上。36. （stand） at the gate was a young man in green coat.37.It is said the conference is （hold） in this hall next month.38.Little did they realize that they （make） an important discovery in science.39.we would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere _ （appreciate） of your help.40.As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals used in experiments may decrease， but stopping （test） on animals altogether is a long way away.41.Large or fat people who want to look （small） than they are usually wear dark clothes.42.Robots， becoming （increase） prevalent in factories， are programmed and engineered to do more jobs.43.The author of the text expresses a strong （disapprove） of working on and off frequently.44.He would have given you more help， if he （not be） so busy.45.A life （live）without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed.V、Translation from Chinese into English（15 points， 3 points for each item）46. 用功是重要的，但知道如何充分利用自己的才能更重要得多。47. 我们必须使自己适应时代的要求,否则我们就会落后于世界上其他工业国家。48. 当听